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Shear Rate Effect on the Viscosity of Homemade and Commercial Tomato Sauce

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2017年第10期7卷 479-496页

作者： Virues-Delgadillo Jorge-octavio lozada-Santillan Claudia-Karina Bulbarela-Sampieri Carmen galán-Méndez Frixia lópez-del-Castillo-lozano Micloth Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Universidad Veracruzana Lomas del Estadio S/N Xalapa Veracruz 91000 México

Rheological characterization of tomato products is important not only for design of unit operations, but also to optimizeprocesses and guarantee high quality of food products. Time dependence is related with structural changes due to shear rate. Thus,rheological characterization as a function of time is extremely important to understand the changes that occurred in food productsduring commercial processes. However, these characterizations are rare in the literature for tomato products. Those rheologicalproperties depend of several parameters, such as agronomic, structural and process parameters. In this study, the effect of shear rateon the viscosity at room temperature （22 ~C） of two kinds of tomato sauce （homemade and commercial） is analyzed; using aBrookfield viscometer model 4535, lab-line Instruments. Homemade sauce was prepared with fresh saladette tomatoes from a localmarket. Rheological analysis was performed at shear rates from 0.05 to 10.47 sl; using all the spindles available. Statistical analysiswas made using lSD and Duncan tests with a confidence interval of 95% （p-value of 0.05）. It was demonstrated that homemade andcommercial tomato sauce behaved as a thixotropic fluid, due to the typical decrease on viscosity samples observed when testing timewas increased. When tomato sauce is at rest, it has a gelled tridimensional structure; and, as soon as a shear stress is applied, themovement generates an alignment of tomato constituent chains in flow direction, breaking physic entanglements and thus causing adecrease in viscosity as a function of time. Furthermore, it was discovered that the viscosity of homemade sauce was higher than theviscosity of commercial sauce. The latter may be due to the pre-thermal treatment. During this unit operation, polymeric chains oflycopene most likely break into smaller chains of isoprene, causing the observed decrease in viscosity. Besides, commercial saucecontains additives, seasonings, preservatives and thickeners that ar

关键词： Food rheology, viscosity, shear rate, tomato sauce.

功能化聚(2,5-二甲氧基苯胺)膜的电化学和电催化性质研究

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高等学校化学学报 2003年第10期24卷 1915-1919页

作者：许一婷何云游戴李宗 Rakotoartsoa Tahina gal Jean-Yves 吴辉煌厦门大学化学化工学院固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室厦门361005 法国国家科学研究中心水科学研究所蒙彼利埃大学蒙彼利埃34095

聚 ( 2 ,5 -二甲氧基苯胺 )含有对称的环取代基 ,其电化学活性可与 PAni相比拟 .该聚合物具有三种氧化态 ,即完全还原态 ( l)、半氧化态 ( E)和完全氧化态 ( P) ,在伏安曲线上分别于 0 .1 9和 0 .5 1 V处出现 l/E和 E/P转变峰 .掺杂态... 详细信息

聚 ( 2 ,5 -二甲氧基苯胺 )含有对称的环取代基 ,其电化学活性可与 PAni相比拟 .该聚合物具有三种氧化态 ,即完全还原态 ( l)、半氧化态 ( E)和完全氧化态 ( P) ,在伏安曲线上分别于 0 .1 9和 0 .5 1 V处出现 l/E和 E/P转变峰 .掺杂态聚合物和本征态聚合物的氧化还原分别经历 l EH P和 lH EH P路径 ,其中 E/P转变峰电位随 p H升高而发生负移 .铂化的聚合物电极对异丙醇的氧化具有明显的催化作用 ,且随着扫描时间延长 ,氧化电流逐渐提高 ;聚合物与铂微粒相互作用 ,改变铂微粒的几何结构和电子性质 ,使催化体系具有良好的催化活性和抗中毒能力 .在 p H=4.7的缓冲溶液中 ,该修饰电极对异丙醇氧化仍具有催化活性 .聚合物在空气中存放太久 ( 3年 )会发生降解 ,从而影响其电化学性质 .

关键词：聚(2,5-二甲氧基苯胺)膜电化学电催化性质氧化还原行为异丙醇催化氧化稳定性

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Temperature Effect on the Viscosity of Commercial Carrot Puree

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Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2017年第10期7卷 505-513页

作者： Vimes-Delgadillo Jorge-octavio, Dominguez-Rendón Ana-Cristina lópez-del-Castillo-lozano Micloth Dominguez-Cafiedo Irma-liliana galán-Méndez Frixia Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas Universidad Veracruzana Lomas del Estadio S/N Xalapa Veracruz 91000 México

Temperature effect was evaluated over the viscosity of commercial carrot puree in the range 30 to 60 ℃, using aBrookfield viscometer, model 4535, lab-line instruments. In order to perform the viscosity tests, 28 specimens of carrot puree froma local market were used. Totally, 72 tests （each one with a couple replicas） were performed during five minutes, using fourtemperatures （30, 40, 50 and 60 ℃）, six shear rates （0.26, 0.52, 1.05, 2.09, 5.24 and 10.47 s1） and three spindles （4, 5 and 6）.Statistical analysis was performed using lSD and Duncan tests with a confidence interval of 95% （p value of 0.05）. In the currentstudy, it was observed that an increase in the temperature triggers a reduction in the viscosity of the carrot specimens analyzed,although the samples tested at 60℃ were deviated from this trend, which may be due to denaturation of the starch containing carrotsamples at such temperature. Multiple biochemical and micro-structural changes inside the food specimens may begin to occur belowand over the physiological range （20-45 ℃）. Experimental data were analyzed with Power law model in order to obtain the bestfitted parameters as a function of shear rate： It was observed that the consistent index （k） decreased with an increment in thetemperature; while all the values of parameter ＂n＂ lesser than one, which means that the puree samples behaved as a pseudo-plasticfluid. Besides that, an Arrhenius model was used to fit the parameters as a function of temperature： Parameter A was lower usingtheexperimental data at shear rates of 10.47 s-1. The modeling performed may be helpful for the appropriate selection of some processvariables, as the shear rate and operation temperature, used for the production of carrot puree; all this is in order to obtain the finishedproduct with the desired consistency.

关键词： Food rheology, viscosity, temperature, carrot puree.

SHui, an EU-Chinese cooperative project to optimize soil and water management in agricultural areas in the ⅩⅪ century

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： José A.Gómez Alon Ben-gal Juan J.Alarcón Gabrielle De lannoy Shannon de Roos Tomá(s)Dostál Elias Fereres Diego S.Intrigliolo Josef Krása Andreas Klik Gunther liebhard Reinhard Nolz Aviva Peeters Elke Plaas John N.Quinton Rui Miao Peter Strauss Weifeng Xu Zhiqiang Zhang Funing Zhong David Zumr Ian C.Dodd Institute for Sustainable Agriculture IASCSICAvda Menendez Pidal S/NCordobaSpain Agricultural Research organization Gilat Research CenterIsrael Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada Del Segura(CSIC) Dept.RiegoMurciaSpain Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU LeuvenHeverleeBelgium Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Civil Engineering.CVUTPragueCzech Republic Agronomy Department University of CordobaCordobaSpain University of Agricultural Sciences Vienna(BoKU) ViennaAustria TerraVision lab Midreshet Ben-GurionIsrael Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen Germany Centre for Sustainable Agriculture Lancaster Environment CentreLancaster UniversityUK Center for Plant Water-Use and Nutrition Regulation and College of life Sciences Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in CropsFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouChina Institute for land and Water Management Research Federal Agency for Water ManagementPetzenkirchenAustria College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina College of Economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNAUNanjingChina

This article outlines the major scientific objectives of the SHui project that seeks to optimize soil and water use in agricultural systems in the EU and China,by considering major current scientific challenges in this ***(for Soil Hydrology research platform underpinning innovation to manage water scarcity in European and Chinese cropping systems)is large cooperative project that aims to provide significant advances through transdisciplinary research at multiple scales(plot,field,catchment and region).This paper explains our research platform of long-term experiments established at plot scale,approaches taken to integrate crop and hydrological models at field scale;coupled crop models and satellite-based observations at regional scales;decision support systems for specific farming situations;and the integration of these technologies to provide policy recommendations through socio-economic analysis of the impact of soil and water saving *** also outlines the training of stake-holders to develop a basic common curriculum despite the subject being distributed across different disciplines and *** such,this article provides a review of major challenges for improving soil and water use in EU and China as well as information about the potential to access information made available by SHui,and to allow others to engage with the project.

关键词： Yield Sustainability Cropping Cooperation

在大量铀和锆的存在下应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定造岩元素

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国外铀金地质 1988年第3期 77-79页

作者： I.gal l.Halicz 王德林

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法用于含有大量铀及锆的硅酸盐的分析。用偏硼酸锂熔融,然后将其溶解成溶液,测定下列化合物:二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁(全铁)、氧化钙、氧化镁、铀、锰和锆。配制人工合成的标准溶液作... 详细信息

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法用于含有大量铀及锆的硅酸盐的分析。用偏硼酸锂熔融,然后将其溶解成溶液,测定下列化合物:二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、二氧化钛、三氧化二铁(全铁)、氧化钙、氧化镁、铀、锰和锆。配制人工合成的标准溶液作校正曲线,采用钪作内标元素增强了仪器的稳定性。

关键词：电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱 nm 光谱仪 ICP 仪器分光计光学式分析仪器次灵敏线内标元素样品量标准物质标准溶液规定溶液背景校正

罕见病酶替代疗法药物重组人α-半乳糖苷酶A酶活性测定方法研究

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中国药学杂志 2024年第8期59卷 738-744页

作者：王绿音张孝明李晶梁成罡中国食品药品检定研究院激素室国家药品监督管理局生物制品质量研究与评价重点实验室国家药品监督管理局化学药品质量研究与评价重点实验室北京102629

目的基于酶反应动力学理论对重组人α-半乳糖苷酶A(recombinant humanα-galactosidase A,rhα-gal)酶活性测定反应条件进行系统研究,建立更灵敏简便、准确稳定的rhα-gal酶活性测定方法。方法优化反应体系后的最适条件为:以50 mmol·l^... 详细信息

目的基于酶反应动力学理论对重组人α-半乳糖苷酶A(recombinant humanα-galactosidase A,rhα-gal)酶活性测定反应条件进行系统研究,建立更灵敏简便、准确稳定的rhα-gal酶活性测定方法。方法优化反应体系后的最适条件为:以50 mmol·l^(-1)对硝基苯基-α-D-吡喃半乳糖苷的为底物,酶质量浓度为1.67μg·ml^(-1),于37℃水浴准确反应15 min后,加入甘氨酸缓冲液(pH10.5)终止反应,采用酶标仪在400 nm波长处测定产物对硝基苯酚的光密度值。结果该方法专属性良好,rhα-gal在(0.83~2.51 mg·ml^(-1))(r=0.9998)质量浓度范围内与酶促反应速率呈良好的线性关系;rhα-gal在50%、80%、100%、125%及150%浓度水平验证溶液的回收率在94.2%~101.8%范围内(n=18),测定结果的变异系数(CV)在2.0%~5.5%(n=18);同一份供试品溶液的12次独立测定结果的CV为2.21%;考察反应体系中的水浴温度、反应时间和底物浓度微小变化对测定结果的影响,结果表明方法的耐用性较好;复溶后的样品于2~8℃存放48 h稳定性较好;水解产物对硝基苯酚在(0.01~0.15 mmol·l^(-1))(r=0.9997)范围内与光密度呈良好的线性关系,5个浓度水平的回收率在94.9%~105.1%之间(n=9),CV均小于2%(n=9);采用该法分析2个已上市产品的酶活性。结论建立了生色底物法测定rhα-gal的酶活性,该方法灵敏度高、精密度及准确度较好,可用于rhα-gal产品的酶活性评价和质量控制。

关键词：罕见病用药酶替代疗法重组人α-半乳糖苷酶A 酶活性测定生色底物法方法验证

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Microscopic and metabolic investigations disclose the factors that lead to skin cracking in chili-type pepper fruit varieties

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Horticulture Research 2023年第4期10卷 211-224页

作者： ofir Marinov gal Nomberg Sutanni Sarkar Gulab Chand Arya Eldad Karavani Einat Zelinger Ekaterina Manasherova Hagai Cohen Department of Vegetable and Field Crops Institute of Plant SciencesAgricultural Research Organization(ARO)Volcani InstituteRishon LeZion 7505101Israel Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 7610001Israel Center for Scientific Imaging(CSI) The Robert H.Smith Faculty of AgricultureFood and EnvironmentThe Hebrew University of JerusalemRehovot 7610001Israel

The hydrophobic cuticle encasing the fruit skin surface plays critical roles during fruit development and *** failure often results in the fruit surface cracking and forming a wound-periderm tissue made of suberin and *** factors that make the fruit skin susceptible to cracking have yet to be fully ***,we investigated two varieties of chili peppers(Capsicum annuum l.),Numex Garnet,whose fruit has intact skin,and Vezena Slatka,whose fruit has cracked *** observations,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,biochemical and gene expression assays revealed that Vezena Slatka fruit form a thicker cuticle with greater levels of cutin monomers and hydroxycinnamic acids,and highly express key cutin-related *** skin of these fruit also had a lower epidermal cell density due to cells with very large perimeters,and highly express genes involved in epidermal cell *** demonstrate that skin cracking in the Vezena Slatka fruit is accompanied by a spatial accumulation of lignin-like polyphenolic compounds,without the formation of a typical wound-periderm tissues made of suberized ***,we establish that skin cracking in chili-type pepper significantly affects fruit quality during post-harvest storage in a temperature-dependent *** conclusion,our data highlight cuticle thickness and epidermal cell density as two critical factors determining fruit skin susceptibility to cracking in chili-type pepper fruit.

关键词： varieties pepper cracking

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor as a potential biomarker of cognitive recovery in schizophrenia

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第4期3卷 93-102页

作者： Rafael Penadés Rosa Catalán Irene lópez-Vílchez Bárbara Arias Alexandre González-Rodríguez Ana M galán Cristóbal Gastó Psychiatry and Psychology ClinicalInstitute of Neurosciences (ICN) Hospital Clínic 08036 Barcelona Spain Departmentof Psychiatry and Psychobiology University of Barcelona 08036 Barcelona Spain Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) 08036 Barcelona Spain Centro Investigación en Red Salud Mental (CIBER-SAM) 28007 Madrid Spain Hemotherapy and Hemo-stasis Centre for Biomedical Diagnosis Hospital Clínic 08036 Barcelona Spain Department of Anthropology Faculty of Biol-ogy and Biomedicine Institute University of Barcelona 08036 Barcelona Spain

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) has been proposed as a biomarker of schizophrenia and, more specifically, as a biomarker of cognitive recovery. Evidence collected in this review indicates that BDNF is relevant in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and could play a role as a marker of clinical response. BDNF has been shown to play a positive role as a marker in antipsychotic treatment, and it has been demonstrated that typical antipsychotics decrease BDNF levels while atypical antipsychotics maintain or increase serum BDNF levels. Furthermore, BDNF levels have been associated with severe cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Consequently, BDNF has been proposed as a candidate target of strategies to aid the cognitive recovery process. There is some evidence suggesting that BDNF could be mediating neurobiological processes underlying cognitive recovery. Thus, serum BDNF levels seem to be involved in some synaptic plasticity and neurotransmission processes. Additionally, serum BDNF levels significantly increased in schizophrenia subjects after neuroplasticity-based cognitive training. If positive replications of those findings are published in the future then serum BDNF levels could be definitely postulated as a peripheral biomarker for the effects of intensive cognitive training or any sort of cognitive recovery in schizophrenia. All in all, the current consideration of BDNF as a biomarker of cognitive recovery in schizophrenia is promising but still premature.

关键词： Schizophrenia Brain-derived neurotrophic factor Cognition Biomarkers

Toward a biomarker panel measured in CNS-originating extracellular vesicles for improved differential diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 677-680页

作者： Hash Brown Taha Simon Hornung Suman Dutta leony Fenwick otmane lahgui Kathryn Howe Nour Elabed Irish del Rosario Darice Y.Wong Aline Duarte Folle Daniela Markovic Jose-Alberto Palma Un Jung Kang Roy N.Alcalay Miriam Sklerov Horacio Kaufmann Brent l.Fogel Jeff M.Bronstein Beate Ritz gal Bitan Department of Neurology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Epidemiology Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Medicine Statistics Core Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services ResearchUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Department of Neurology Dysautonomia CenterNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Neurology Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging BrainColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Neurology Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical CenterTel AvivIsrael Department of Neurology University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599USA Department of Neurology The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson’s and Movement DisordersNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNY 10016USA Department of Human Genetics David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA UClA Clinical Neurogenomics Research Center David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Brain Research Institute University of CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90095USA Molecular Biology Institute University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095USA Present Address:Division of Peptide Biochemistry TUM School of Life SciencesTechnical University of Munich85354 FreisingGermany

Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases char-acterized by accumulation of misfoldedα-synuclein(α-syn)inclusions in neuronal and/or glial *** differences in the underlying pathophysiology,synucle-inopathies ... 详细信息

关键词： diagnosis atrophy diseases