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Method to assess component contribution to toxicity of complex mixtures： Assessment of puberty acquisition in rats exposed to disinfection byproducts

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 311-321页

作者： Shahid Parvez Glenn E.Rice Linda K.Teuschler jane Ellen Simmons Thomas F.Speth Susan D.richardson richard j.miltner E.Sidney Hunter Ⅲ jonathan G.Pressman Lillian F.Strader Gary R.Klinefelter jerome M.Goldman Michael G.Narotsky Indiana University richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health Department of Environmental Health Sciences IUPUI Campus Indianapolis IN 46202 USA National Center for Environmental Assessment Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Lincla Teuschler and Associates St. Petersburg FL 33707 USA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Research Triangle Park NC 27711 USA National Risk Management Research Laboratory Office of Research and Development U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Cincinnati OH 45268 USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of South Carolina Columbia SC 29208 USA

A method based on regression modeling was developed to discern the contribution of component chemicals to the toxicity of highly complex, environmentally realistic mixtures of disinfection byproducts（DBPs）. Chemical disinfection of drinking water forms DBP *** of concerns about possible reproductive and developmental toxicity, a whole mixture（WM） of DBPs produced by chlorination of a water concentrate was administered as drinking water to Sprague–Dawley（S–D） rats in a multigenerational study. Age of puberty acquisition,i.e., preputial separation（PPS） and vaginal opening（VO）, was examined in male and female offspring, respectively. When compared to controls, a slight, but statistically significant delay in puberty acquisition was observed in females but not in males. WM-induced differences in the age at puberty acquisition were compared to those reported in S–D rats administered either a defined mixture（DM） of nine regulated DBPs or individual DBPs. Regression models were developed using individual animal data on age at PPS or VO from the DM study. Puberty acquisition data reported in the WM and individual DBP studies were then compared with the DM models. The delay in puberty acquisition observed in the WM-treated female rats could not be distinguished from delays predicted by the DM regression model, suggesting that the nine regulated DBPs in the DM might account for much of the delay observed in the WM. This method is applicable to mixtures of other types of chemicals and other endpoints.

关键词： Drinking water disinfection byproducts DBP Puberty delay Four Lab Study Mixtures risk assessment

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OPEN AMPUTATION OF THE EXTREMITIES

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Chinese Medical journal 1933年第4期47卷 350-356页

作者： LEO j.miltner Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of SurgeryPeiping Union Medical CollegePeipingChina.

The indications,technique and after-care for open amputation arediscussed briefly,with special reference to the use of the method in casesof severe infection or extensive *** open flapless amputationis preferred for lesions which,like gas-gangrene,tend to spread veryrapidly;but flaps are added when the tissues at the site of division areinfected with less virulent organisms or when the presence of organismsin those tissues is *** is applied to the soft tissues at the end of the stump forseveral weeks after operation 1)to prevent shortening of those struc-tures and protrusion of the bone and 2)to preserve some of the muscletonus and improve the power and the ultimate use of the stump,Thewound is irrigated with Dakin’s solution or normal saline until thegranulations appear clean and healthy,when the edges are broughttogether loosely with adhesive tape or sutures;or irrigation is continueduntil the bacteria-count shows only one or two organisms per high-power microscopic field,when the wound is sutured more firmlytogether. A method of applying traction is described,which has great advan-tage over methods employing adhesive tape,for it permits the woundmargin to be drawn divergently apart without danger of loosening thetractors from the tissues,it does not constrict the tissues in any way,and the attachment of the tractors is not jeopardized by the use *** tractors are silkworm-gut sutures inserted in the sub-cuticular tissues,deep fascia and outer layer of muscle,with the endsleft long and attached to rubber *** sutures are placed atintervals of one to two inches about the stump.A Thomas splint ofspecial design is appl ed to the extremity and serves to maintain thetr ction from the rubber *** first,the sutures are directeddivergently,so as to allow wide-open drainage;and when the timecomes for loose closure,the sutures are crossed bringing the anteriorand posterior edges of the wound *** silkworm-gut cutsthrough the

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THE PATHOLOGY AND TREATMENT OF jOINT SPRAIN

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1935年第6期49卷 521-528页

作者： LEO j.miltner H.C.FANG From the Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Surgery and the Department of PathologyPeiping Union Medical CollegePeipingChina

The term sprain signifies an injury of the soft tissues within oraround a joint when the movements of that joint are carried beyondtheir normal physiological limits,or when the bones entering into theformation of the joint are deflected in some abnormal plane,withoutactual *** conditions such as previous injury or mal-alignment due to congenital or acquired causes(i.e.,congenital clubfoot,rachitic knock knee,etc.),predispose to *** lesions which occur during sprain vary consider-

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TYPHOID SPINE

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1932年第1期46卷 1-11+115-117页

作者： L.K.WANG LEO j.miltner Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of SurgeryPeiping Union Medical CollegePeiping.

1.A review oF the etiology,pathology,diagnosis,and treatmentof typhoid spine is *** cases of typhoid spine are reported,one of which alsopresented a sacro-iliac arthritis of similar etiology.

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THE TREATMENT OF OLD DISLOCATION OF THE SHOULDER

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1936年第9期50卷 1161-1172+1324-1326页

作者： C. M. MENG LEO j. miltner M.D. Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of SurgeryPeiping Union Medical College Peiping China

1. The pathological anatomy of old traumatic dislocation of the shoulder is reviewed and discussed. The dangers of late manipulation are cmphasized.2. The iadications for surgical treatment are outlined. Surgical interference is not advised for old dislocation of the shoulder if good function of the arm is present.3. The technique of open redaction is described and the alternativemethods of surgical treatment such as resection, arthroplasty and artbrodesis are mentioned.4. Fifteen cases of old traumatic dislocation of the shoulder (14 anterior and I posterior), treated by open operation, are reported. Open reduction was successful in 13 cases. In one case, resection of the head of the humerus was necessary because of fracture of the surgical neck during operation. In another case, the open reduction was not completed because of uncontrollable hemorrhage.5. Particular emphasis is placed upon the necessity for carefully applied and prolonged past-operative physiotherapeutie treatment.

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X-RAY TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS OF THE HAND A PRELIMINARY REPORT

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1936年第11期50卷 1621-1626页

作者： C. P. CHANG C. K. HSIEH LEO. j. miltner M.D. Department of Radiology and the Division of Orthopedic Surgery Peiping Union Medical College Peiping China.

During the past fourteen years, 120 patients with tuberculosis of the bones of the hand have been seen in the Peiping Union Medical College Hospital. Many of these cases were of poor economic status and presented very advanced degrees of disseminated tuberculosis. Because of poor social conditions, only forty-eight cases received what might be termed adequate conservative or surgical treatment of the disease.

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四肢大長骨幹結核病在臨證及愛克斯光上之研究

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中华医学杂志 1934年第6期20卷 794-805页

作者：謝志光 miltner Leo j. 張去病李濤私立北平協和醫學院放射學科及外科矯形系中文部

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