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Identification of Microorganisms in Poultry Farms in N’djamena and the Border Areas of Hadjer-Lamis and Chari-Baguirmi Chad

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2024年第2期13卷 223-234页

作者： Abakar Abbo Zakaria Bebanto Antipas Ban-Bo Nadine Terei Bongo Naré richard Gandolo Abdelsalam Adoum Doutoum Labortoire de Rattachement IRED (Institut de Recherches en Elevage pour le Dé veloppement) University of N&#8217Djamena N&#8217Djamena Chad Laboratory of Biochemistry-Cellular and Molecular Biology-Microbiology (L2BCM) Faculty of Exact and Applied Sciences University of N&#8217Djamena N&#8217Djamena Chad Livestock Research Institute for Development (IRED) N&#8217Djamena Chad Adam Barka University of Abé ch&#233 Ab&#233ch&#233 Chad

Introduction: On the outskirts of Ndjamena, semi-industrial poultry farming and traditional poultry farming are practised informally on almost all poultry farms in Chad. This type of poultry farming is faced with real health problems attributable to a lack of monitoring of the vaccination schedule, inadequate compliance with biosecurity measures and poor application of the Ichikawa rule based on the 5 M’s. Objective: The aim of this article is to identify the microorganisms responsible for contamination of poultry farms in the study area. Method: The study was carried out from 28/04/2022 to 31/01/2023 on the basis of 300 samples taken from feed, drinking water, droppings and scrapings from poultry housing surfaces in the 30 farms that served as a framework for our research. Sampling was of the simple random type, and farms were selected on the basis of the farmers’ consent. The data were recorded on pre-established survey forms. Our study was cross-sectional, descriptive and prospective. Bacteria were isolated using the reference method NF EN ISO 6579 for Salmonella spp. and cultured on the specific medium eosin methylene blue (EMB) for Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Citrobacter freundii. Results: The following results emerged from this study: Escherichia coli (5.33%), Pseudomonas (1.33%), Citrobacter freundii (12%) and Salmonella paratyphi (21.68%). Conclusion: Of the 300 samples analysed, 121 (40.33%) were contaminated with pathogens. This high level of contamination is a health problem. The study shows that biosecurity is less satisfactory on the farms visited. Nevertheless, farms with a very satisfactory level of biosafety ensure food safety and variety for the population.

关键词： Microorganisms Identification Poultry Farms N’Djamena Hadjer-Lamis Chari-Baguirmi(Chad)

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Acute Kidney Injury in the Nephrology Department of the Brazzaville University Hospital: Epidemiological, Clinical and Evolutionary Aspects

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第2期14卷 196-215页

作者： Daniel Tony Eyeni Sinomono Gael Honal Mahoungou Eric Gabdzali Ngabé Audrey Missamou Mavi Bouloupy richard Loumingou Department of Nephrology Brazzaville University Hospital Brazzaville Congo Department of Nephrology Adolphe Ciss General Hospital Pointe Noire Congo

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a sudden and reversible deterioration in renal function. It is a life-threatening condition in hospitalized patients. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of AKI in a nephrology department, list the causes, describe the evolutionary profile and identify the factors associated with death. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the records of patients hospitalised between 1 January 2016 and 31 October 2020 in the nephrology department of Brazzaville University Hospital. We included patients aged at least 18 years whose discharge diagnosis included the item AKI. Study variables were socio-demographic data, clinical and paraclinical signs, stage and type of AKI, etiology and evolutionary profile. Results: Of the 1823 patients hospitalised, 244 (13.38%) were hospitalised for AKI. Of these, 60.2% were boys and 39.8% girls, with an average age of 47 19 years. The average consultation time was 10 6.5 days. AKI was stage 3 in 69.57% of cases. It was functional, organic and obstructive in the order of 55.28%, 36.02% and 8.69%. Dialysis was indicated in 62 patients (38.51%) and performed in 24 patients (14.9%). In-hospital mortality was 27.95%, with an average hospital stay of 9.6 5.8 days. Metabolic acidosis and anemia were the main causes of death in 14.28% and 4.35% of patients respectively. Factors associated with death were male sex, socioeconomic level, coma, indication for dialysis and absence of dialysis, with a p Conclusion: AKI is more common in young adult males. Mortality is relatively low. Improving prognosis requires early management and access to dialysis.

关键词： AKI Epidemiology Diagnosis Evolution Brazzaville

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中国特色作曲技术探微——当代室内乐创作中十二音技法和音响音色技法的运用

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音乐艺术(上海音乐学院学报) 2024年第3期 27-40页

作者：郑艳李嘉志华东师范大学音乐学院香港中文大学音乐系

“十二音技法”“音响音色”是中国当代重要的作曲技法。“支点十二音”“9:3十二音比例和弦”等创新性的十二音技法已成为中国当代作曲家重要的音高组织逻辑；“音程游移”“宽线条”“单音技法”等音响音色技法的运用，则成为依托中... 详细信息

“十二音技法”“音响音色”是中国当代重要的作曲技法。“支点十二音”“9:3十二音比例和弦”等创新性的十二音技法已成为中国当代作曲家重要的音高组织逻辑；“音程游移”“宽线条”“单音技法”等音响音色技法的运用，则成为依托中国文化的一种创新性文化表达。十二音技法作为音高组织逻辑所生成的音高体系，是音响音色表现的基础，音调音色则是对音高体系的丰富与拓展，两者相辅相成。以“全球音乐理论”观照中国特色作曲技术，旨在阐述西方作曲技术与中国音乐素材的有效融合、“西方话语本土化”与“本土话语西方化”的相互作用、中国与西方基于音乐文明的文明互鉴，进而为建构中国特色作曲技术理论并获得广泛认同寻找可能。

关键词：中国特色作曲技术十二音技法音响音色全球音乐理论

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Multi-Pollutant Formation and Control in Pressurized Oxy-Combustion:SO_(x),NO_(x),Particulate Matter,and Mercury

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Engineering 2024年第8期39卷 127-153页

作者： Gaofeng Dai Jiaye Zhang Zia ur Rahman Yufeng Zhang Yili Zhang Milan Vujanović Hrvoje Mikulčić Nebojsa Manic Aneta Magdziarz Houzhang Tan richard L.Axelbaum Xuebin Wang MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China School of Ecology and Environment Hainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Faculty of Mechanical Engineering&Naval Architecture University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of MariborMaribor 2000Slovenia Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of BelgradeBelgrade 11120Serbia AGH University of Krakow Krakow 30059Poland Consortium for Clean Coal Utilization Department of EnergyEnvironmental&Chemical EngineeringWashington University in St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63130USA

Oxy-combustion is a promising carbon-capture technology,but atmospheric-pressure oxy-combustion has a relatively low net efficiency,limiting its application in power *** pressurized oxycombustion(POC),the boiler,air separation unit,flue gas recirculation unit,and CO_(2)purification and compression unit are all operated at elevated pressure;this makes the process more efficient,with many advantages over atmospheric pressure,such as low NO_(x)emissions,a smaller boiler size,and *** is also more promising for industrial application and has attracted widespread research interest in recent *** can produce high-pressure CO_(2)with a purity of approximately 95%,which can be used directly for enhanced oil recovery or ***,the pollutant emissions must meet the standards for carbon capture,storage,and *** of the high oxygen and moisture concentrations in POC,the formation of acids via the oxidation and solution of SO_(x)and NO_(x)can be increased,causing the corrosion of pipelines and ***,particulate matter(PM)and mercury emissions can harm the environment and human *** main distinction between pressurized and atmospheric-pressure oxy-combustion is the former’s elevated pressure;thus,the effect of this pressure on the pollutants emitted from POC—including SO_(x),NO_(x),PM,and mercury—must be understood,and effective control methodologies must be incorporated to control the formation of these *** paper reviews recent advances in research on SO_(x),NO_(x),PM,and mercury formation and control in POC systems that can aid in pollutant control in such systems.

关键词： Pressurized oxy-combustion Sulfur oxides Nitrogen oxides Particulate matter Mercury Direct contact cooler Carbon capture and sequestration

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Study of the Characteristics of Large-Diameter Iron Bars Obtained by Rolling at the ODHAV Foundry in the Republic of Guinea

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期12卷 43-54页

作者： Alpha Issa Diallo Jean Ahmadou Kourouma Adama Moussa Sakho Younoussa Moussa Baldé Mamadou Madaniou Sow Alexandre Lucien richard Mechanical Laboratory Higher Institut of Technology of Mamou Mamou Republic of Guinea Materials Laboratory of the Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry Conakry Republic of Guinea Dpartment of Laboratory Technology Higher Institut of Technology of Mamou Mamou Republic of Guinea Department of Energy Science Higher Institut of Technology of Mamoun Mamou Republic of Guinea

This work consists of evaluating the quality of the mechanical parameters of large-diameter steels, i.e. 20, 25, 28 and 32, through a process of recycling scrap metal that fills garages, rubbish dumps, gutters and other abandoned sites, as well as imported concrete reinforcing steel sold in the Republic of Guinea. To carry out this important work, a number of mechanical tensile and bending tests and a microscopic analysis combining two devices, an electron microscope and a photographic camera, were carried out. The samples were taken from sampling areas in the major communes of Conakry, namely: Casse Sonfonia, Matoto and Kagbélen. The tensile strength values of the large dimensions 20, 25, 28 and 32 are given in the tables.

关键词： Recycled Scrap Large Diameter Rolling Tensile Testing Bending

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Anal cancer screening in women with a history of human papillomavirusrelated lower genital tract cancers:a pilot study

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 88-93页

作者： Isobel Mary Poynten Fengyi Jin Rhonda Farrell Trevor Tejada-Berges Carmella Law richard Hillman Jennifer Roberts Andrew Grulich The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Chris O'Brien Lifehouse SydneyNew South WalesAustralia Prince of Wales Private Hospital RandwickNew South WalesAustralia Dysplasia and Anal Cancer Services St Vincent's Hospital SydneyDarlinghurstNewSouthWalesAustralia Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Objectives Women diagnosed with a history of lower genital tract cancer(LGTC)and precancer are at increased risk of anal *** for anal cancer in a manner analogous to cervical cancer may detect precursor anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(HSILs)and prevent progression to *** In a pilot study of anal cancer screening,women with previous LGTC and aged≥18 years in Sydney,Australia underwent a digital anorectal examination,anal swab for human papillomavirus(HPV)and p16/Ki67 testing and completeda *** with positive HPV and/or p16/Ki67 results were referred for a high-resolution anoscopy(HRA)and evaluation of their *** Of 52 participants,46 agreed to screening and 6 provided demographic information *** age was 46.5 years(IQR:36.059.0).Anal high-risk HPV(HRHPV)was detected in only seven(15.2%)participants(three HPV16).Eight(17.4%)had positive p16/Ki67 dual staining,with invalid results for 25(54.4%).0f 10 women referred for HRA,9 attended and 3 had HSILs,representing 6.5%of the screened *** were completed by 41 participants(89.1%).The majority reported that being screenedwas reassuring(97.5%)and was positive for their health(95.1%).Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated a lower-than-expected prevalence of anal *** with HRHPV and p16/Ki67 staining identified anal HSILs in 6.5%of ***,screeningwas viewed as beneficial by almost all *** utility of p16/Ki67dual staining was low,suggesting it may not be a suitable anal cancer screening methodology.

关键词： pilot Sydney screening

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Epidemiological, Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Progressive Aspects of Arterial Hypertension in Children at the University Hospital Center of Bouaké (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期14卷 379-390页

作者： richard Azagoh-Kouadio Yao Kossonou Roland Yeboua Kouassi Christian Yao John Patrick Yenan Iburaima Alamun Akanji Kouadio Vincent Assé Pediatric Department of Angré University Hospital Abidjan Ivory Coast Pediatric Department of Bouaké University Hospital Bouaké Ivory Coast

Introduction: Arterial hypertension (AH) in children is under-diagnosed and often has a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects of hypertension in children at the University Hospital of Bouaké, with a view to improving the prognosis. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, analytical study carried out in the paediatrics department of Bouaké University Hospital. It concerned the medical records of children aged 4 to 15 hospitalised from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020 for hypertension. Diagnosis was based on the simplified blood pressure guidelines of the Expert Consensus of the French Society of Hypertension. The variables studied were epidemiological, diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary. Quantitative variables were compared at the significance level p ≤ 0.05. Results: The hospital incidence of hypertension was 0.32% (69/21,642). The sex ratio was 0.72. 97.1% of the children were over five years of age. Oedema (49.3%) and breathing difficulties (20.2%) were the main reasons for consultation. Hypertension was classified as threatening (56.5%), confirmed (31.9%) and borderline (11.6%). The cause was renal in 66.7%, dominated by impure nephrotic syndrome (24.6%). Treatment for hypertension consisted mainly of a diuretic (79.7%) and a calcium channel blocker (47.8%). Outcome was favourable in 50.7% of cases. Mortality was 20.3%. No factor was significantly associated with death. Conclusion: Hypertension in children at Bouaké University Hospital is serious. The aetiology is mainly renal. Early diagnosis and management are key to improving prognosis.

关键词： Hypertension Children Renal Pathologies Prognosis Côte d’Ivoire

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法治与德国福利国家的发展

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环球法律评论 2024年第2期46卷 5-19页

作者： [德]理查德·吉森程凌(翻译) 慕尼黑大学法学院中国社会科学院法学研究所

法治不仅要求国家对个人权利的干预必须得到议会法律的授权,也要求国家的社会给付必须具有议会法律的基础。不过,对于后者,德国联邦社会法院并未十分严格地适用,其允许由议会通过预算但没有具体法律依据的国家给付。同时,社会给付须具... 详细信息

法治不仅要求国家对个人权利的干预必须得到议会法律的授权,也要求国家的社会给付必须具有议会法律的基础。不过,对于后者,德国联邦社会法院并未十分严格地适用,其允许由议会通过预算但没有具体法律依据的国家给付。同时,社会给付须具有法律基础,并不意味着关于社会给付的任何规范都必须确立一项法律保障的请求权,行政部门在所谓的裁量给付中具有一定的裁量空间。自1975年起,德国再次开始将社会法编纂为《社会法典》,不过这一过程尚未完成,且仍存在一定问题。学理上,社会法通常被划分为四个部分,即社会保障、社会补偿、社会支持和社会救助。此外,德国还建立了单独的社会法院,其具有三级审判结构,以联邦社会法院为最高审级。社会法内容的发展尚未完成,人口变化和数字化对社会法提出了两大挑战,将导致未来的立法变革。

关键词：法治议会保留福利国家德国社会法社会法典社会法院

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Assessment of the Level of Knowledge about Chronic Renal Failure in 271 Hypertensive Patients in Brazzaville

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 25-36页

作者： Daniel Tony Eyeni Sinomono Ange Niama Gaël Honal Mahoungou Éric Gandzali-Ngabé Ndinga Berline Ngoma Precieux Dalia Mboungo richard Loumingo Department of Nephrology University Hospital Center Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Health Sciences Marien Ngouabi University Brazzaville Congo

Background and Objectives: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now a global public health problem. In low- and middle-income countries such as the Congo, access to dialysis is low and inequitable. The prevention of CKD involves raising awareness among patients at risk, such as those suffering from arterial hypertension (AH), by improving their knowledge of CKD. The objectives of our work were to determine the level of knowledge about CKD among hypertensive patients and to identify the factors associated with a low level of knowledge. Methodology: We conducted a 3-month descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study from 1 August to 30 October 2023 in 3 large public hospitals in Brazzaville (capital of the Republic of Congo). We included: hypertensive patients aged 18 and over who had freely consented to participate in our study and were able to answer the questions on the survey form. Patients with known hypertension who had been followed for less than 3 years and those with known chronic renal failure were not included. Results: The mean age was 58.4 ± 14.4 years (29 - 88 years). There were 121 men and 150 women (sex ratio = 0.8). All the patients were educated;37.2% with a higher level of education and 13.6% with primary education. 24 patients (9%) had a good level of knowledge about CKD and 153 (56%) had poor knowledge. A good level of knowledge was associated with the duration of hypertension, intellectual level and the existence of associated heart disease. Conclusion: Our study reveals a significant lack of knowledge about chronic kidney disease among hypertensive patients in Brazzaville.

关键词： Knowledge Chronic Renal Failure Hypertensives Brazzaville

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Endorepellin和neurexin互作促进神经上皮细胞自噬并维持正常神经管发育

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Science Bulletin 2024年第14期69卷 2260-2272页

作者：卢磊白梅竹郑煜芳王修坤陈仲中彭瑞 richard H.Finnell 赵同金李承涛吴波雷云平李劲松王红艳 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health Institute of Metabolism and Integrative BiologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital State Key Laboratory of Genetic EngineeringFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Key Laboratory of Multi-Cell Systems Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular AndrologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell ScienceShanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Obstetrics&Gynecology Hospital The Institute of Obstetrics and GynecologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200090China Center for Precision Environmental Health Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyBaylor College of MedicineHouston 77031USA Shanghai Medical College Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Shenzhen Maternity&Child Healthcare Hospital Shenzhen 518028China Children’s Hospital Fudan UniversityShanghai 201102China

Heparan sulfate proteoglycan 2(HSPG2)gene encodes the matrix protein Perlecan,and genetic inactivation of this gene creates mice that are embryonic lethal with severe neural tube defects(NTDs).We discovered rare genetic variants of HSPG2 in 10%cases compared to only 4%in controls among a cohort of 369 ***,a peptide cleaved from the domain V of Perlecan,is known to promote angiogenesis and autophagy in endothelial *** roles of enderepellin in neurodevelopment remain unclear so *** study revealed that endorepellin can migrate to the neuroepithelial cells and then be recognized and bind with the neuroepithelia receptor neurexin in *** the endocytic pathway,the interaction of endorepellin and neurexin physiologically triggers autophagy and appropriately modulates the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons as a blocker,which is necessary for normal neural tube *** created knock-in(KI)mouse models with human-derived HSPG2 variants,using sperm-like stem cells that had been genetically edited by CRISPR/*** realized that any HSPG2 variants that affected the function of endorepellin were considered pathogenic causal variants for human NTDs given that the severe NTD phenotypes exhibited by these KI embryos occurred in a significantly higher response frequency compared to wildtype *** study provides a paradigm for effectively confirming pathogenic mutations in other genetic ***,we demonstrated that using autophagy inhibitors at a cellular level can repress neuronal ***,autophagy agonists may prevent NTDs resulting from failed autophagy maintenance and neuronal over-differentiation caused by deleterious endorepellin variants.

关键词： Neural tube defects Androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells Basement membrane Neural stem cell Autophagy

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