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Large Igneous Provinces, Their Giant Mafic Dyke Swarms, and Links to Metallogeny

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 193-194页

作者： Simon M.JOWITT richard e.eRNST School of earth Atmosphere and Environment Monash University Department of Geoscience University of Nevada Las Vegas Department of earth Sciences Carleton University Faculty of Geology and Geography Tomsk State University

Giant mafic dyke swarms are a key component of the feeder system of Large Igneous Provinces（LIPs）,large volume（>0.1 Mkm;;frequently above>1 M km;）,mainly mafic（-ultramafic）magmatic events of intraplate affinity.

关键词： Their Giant Mafic Dyke Swarms and Links to Metallogeny Large Igneous Provinces

Giant Circumferential Dyke Swarms on earth: Possible Analogues of Coronae on Venus and Similar Features on Mars

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 186-187页

作者： Kenneth L.BUCHAN richard e.eRNST Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources Canada Department of earth Sciences Carleton University Faculty of Geology and Geography Tomsk State University

Venusian coronae are large(60-2600 km diameter)tectono-magmatic features characterized by quasi-circular graben-fissure systems and topographic features such as a central dome,central depression,circular rim or circular

关键词： Giant Circumferential Dyke Swarms on earth Possible Analogues of Coronae on Venus and Similar Features on Mars

Growth and chemical responses of trembling aspen to simulated browsing and ungulate saliva

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Journal of Plant ecology 2016年第4期9卷 474-484页

作者： Ken Keefover-Ring Kennedy F.Rubert-Nason Alison e.Bennett richard L.Lindroth Department of entomology University of Wisconsin-Madison1630 Linden Dr.MadisonWI 53706USA The James Hutton Institute InvergowrieDundee DD25DAScotlandUK

Aims Woody plant-browser systems represent an understudied facet of *** subjected four genotypes of trembling aspen to artificial browsing,similar to that of a large mammalian herbivore,and applied deer saliva to clipped and unclipped trees to assess:(i)the effects of artificial browsing on aspen growth and phytochemistry of leaves and stems,(ii)genotypic variation in responses and(iii)potential alterations of responses by mammalian *** Potted aspen trees were grown outdoors on the University of Wisconsin-Madison *** experiment consisted of a fullycrossed,2×2×4 randomized complete block design,with two levels of artificial browsing(unclipped and clipped),two levels of saliva application(no saliva and saliva)and four aspen *** simulate ungulate browsing damage,we removed the upper 50%of the stem of half of the trees by pinching the stem with needle-nosed pliers and then separating it by *** half of the damaged trees,we immediately swabbed the wound with deer *** in the unclipped plus saliva treatment were swabbed with saliva at the 50%height *** assess the effects of clipping and saliva application,we harvested all trees after 2 months and measured various growth and chemical *** measurements included height,vertical growth,mass of leaves,stems and roots,leaf number and area and bud *** parameters included defensive,nutritional and structural components of both foliage and *** Findings Clipping affected most of the growth parameters measured,decreasing tree height,leaf,stem,root and total tree mass and leaf *** trees had greater vertical growth,more leaves and higher specific leaf area(SLA)than unclipped *** saliva had little to no effect on plant growth response to the clipping *** budset was delayed by clipping and varied among genotypes but not in response to saliva *** also affected most of the phytochemical variables measure

关键词： ungulate browsing deer saliva defensive chemistry genetic variation Populus tremuloides tolerance

Guidelines for Preparing Comprehensive Regional Mafic Dyke Swarm Maps

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 20-21页

作者： richard e.eRNST Kenneth L.BUCHAN Department of earth Sciences Carleton University Faculty of Geology and Geography Tomsk State University Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources Canada

Several regional maps of mafic dyke swarms(e.g.,Buchan and ernst,2004,2013;Vuollo and Huhma,2005;Peng,2015)have been published in recent years,as well as an earlier global dyke compilation map(ernst et al.,1996).

关键词： maps Guidelines for Preparing Comprehensive Regional Mafic Dyke Swarm Maps

Responses of an old-field plant community to interacting factors of elevated[CO_(2)],warming,and soil moisture

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Journal of Plant ecology 2009年第1期2卷 1-11页

作者： e.Cayenne engel Jake F.Weltzin richard J.Norby Aimee T.Classen Department of ecology and evolutionary Biology University of Tennessee569 Dabney HallKnoxvilleTN 37996-1610USA environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOne Bethel Valley RoadBuilding 1062Oak RidgeTN 37831-6422USA Present address:USA National Phenology Network National Coordinating Office1955 East 6th StreetTucsonAZ 85721USA

Aims The direct effects of atmospheric and climatic change factors—atmospheric[CO_(2)],air temperature and changes in precipitation—can shape plant community composition and alter ecosystem *** is essential to understand how these factors interact to make better predictions about how ecosystems may respond to *** investigated the direct and interactive effects of[CO_(2)],warming and altered soil moisture in open-top chambers(OTCs)enclosing a constructed old-field community to test how these factors shape plant *** and methods The experimental facility in Oak Ridge,TN,USA,made use of 4-m diameter OTCs and rain shelters to manipulate[CO_(2)](ambient,ambient+300 ppm),air temperature(ambient,ambient+3.5C)and soil moisture(wet,dry).The plant communities within the chambers comprised seven common old-field species,including grasses,forbs and *** tracked foliar cover for each species and calculated community richness,evenness and diversity from 2003 to *** findings This work resulted in three main findings:(1)warming had speciesspecific effects on foliar cover that varied through time and were altered by soil moisture treatments;(2)[CO_(2)]had little effect on individual species or the community;(3)diversity,evenness and richness were influenced most by soil moisture,primarily reflecting the response of one dominant *** conclude that individualistic species responses to atmospheric and climatic change can alter community composition and that plant populations and communities should be considered as part of analyses of terrestrial ecosystem response to climate ***,prediction of plant community responses may be difficult given interactions between factors and changes in response through time.

关键词： climate change foliar cover multi-factor interactions diversity richness

Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonian syndromes:current and emerging concepts

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 67-91页

作者： Usman Saeed Jordana Compagnone richard I.Aviv Antonio P.Strafella Sandra e.Black Anthony e.Lang Mario Masellis Institute of Medical Science Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit Sunnybrook Research InstituteTorontoCanada Department of Medical Imaging University of Toronto and Division of NeuroradiologySunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada Research Imaging Centre Centre for Addiction and Mental HealthTorontoCanada Division of Brain Imaging&Behaviour-Systems NeuroscienceToronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada Division of Neurology Department of MedicineUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada Heart&Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreTorontoCanada Movement Disorders Centre Toronto Western HospitalTorontoCanada edmond J.Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease University Health NetworkTorontoCanada Cognitive&Movement Disorders Clinic Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre2075 Bayview Ave.Room A4-55TorontoOntario M4N 3 M5Canada

Two centuries ago in 1817,James Parkinson provided the first medical description of Parkinson’s disease,later refined by Jean-Martin Charcot in the mid-to-late 19th century to include the atypical parkinsonian variants(also termed,Parkinson-plus syndromes).Today,Parkinson’s disease represents the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an estimated global prevalence of over 10 ***,atypical parkinsonian syndromes encompass a group of relatively heterogeneous disorders that may share some clinical features with Parkinson’s disease,but are uncommon distinct clinicopathological *** of scientific advancements have vastly improved our understanding of these disorders,including improvements in in vivo imaging for biomarker *** imaging for the visualization of structural and functional brain changes is especially important,as it allows a‘window’into the underlying pathophysiological *** this article,we first present an overview of the cardinal clinical and neuropathological features of,1)synucleinopathies:Parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body spectrum disorders,as well as multiple system atrophy,and 2)tauopathies:progressive supranuclear palsy,and corticobasal degeneration.A comprehensive presentation of wellestablished and emerging imaging biomarkers for each disorder are then *** for the following imaging modalities are reviewed:1)structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)using T1,T2,and susceptibilityweighted sequences for volumetric and voxel-based morphometric analyses,as well as MRI derived visual signatures,2)diffusion tensor MRI for the assessment of white matter tract injury and microstructural integrity,3)proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantifying proton-containing brain metabolites,4)single photon emission computed tomography for the evaluation of nigrostriatal integrity(as assessed by presynaptic dopamine transporters and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors),a

关键词： Biomarkers Parkinson’s disease Atypical parkinsonian syndrome MRI PeT SPeCT Diffusion tensor imaging Molecular imaging Myocardial scintigraphy Transcranial sonography

Combining X-ray microtomography with computer simulation for analysis of granular and porous materials

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Particuology 2010年第2期8卷 81-99页

作者： Roberto Moreno-Atanasio richard A. Williams Institute of Particle Science and engineering School of Process Environmental and Materials Engineering University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

The use of X-ray microtomographic （XMT） methods in analysing particulate systems has expanded rapidly in recent years with the availability of affordable desk-top apparatus. This review presents a summary of the major applications in which computer simulations are explicitly coupled with XMT in the area of granular and porous materials. We envisage two main ways of establishing the coupling between both techniques, based on the transference or exchange of information by using physical or geometrical parameters （i.e. a parametric link through fitting to a process model） or through the direct use of3D XMT digital images （i.e. comparing image pixels and features directly）. examples of coupled applications are shown for the study of transport properties of rocks, particle packing, mechanical loading and sintering. Often, the link between XMT and computer simulations is based on visual comparisons and we conclude that the use of quantitative parameters such as the number of interparticle contacts, force networks or granule shape to link both techniques is still underrepresented in the literature. Strategies to provide a more robust and quantitative approach to optimise the information obtained from such tomography analyses are proposed. 2010 Chinese Society of Particuology and Institute of Process engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

关键词： X-ray microtomographyGranular flowComputer modellingLattice Boltzmann methodDiscrete element method

Is analysis of lower esophageal sphincter vector volumes of value in diagnosing gastroesophageal reflux disease?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第1期9卷 174-178页

作者： Robert e.Marsh Christopher L.Perdue Ziad T.Awad Patrice Watson Mohamed Selima richard e.Davis Charles J.Filipi Department of Surgery Creighton University School of MedicineOmaha Nebraska USA Department of Preventive Medicine Creighton University School of MedicineOmaha Nebraska USA

AIM:With successful surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GeRD),there is interest in understanding the anti-reflux barrier and its mechanisms of *** date, the potential use of vector volumes to predict the DeMeester score has not been adequately explored. MeTHODS:627 patients in the referral database received esophageal manometry and ambulatory 24-hour pH *** data included LeS resting pressure(LeSP), overall LeS length(OL)and abdominal length(AL),total vector volume(TVV)and intrabdominal vector volume(IVV). ReSULTS:In cases where LeSP,TVV or IVV were all below normal,there was an 81.4%probability of a positive DeMeester *** cases where all three were normal, there was an 86.9%probability that the DeMeester score would be ***-operating characteristics(ROC) for LeSP,TVV and IVV were nearly identical and indicated no useful cut-off *** regression demonstrated that LeSP and IVV had the strongest association with a positive DeMeester score;however,the regression formula was only 76.1%accurate. CONCLUSION:While the indices based on TVV,IVV and LeSP are more sensitive and specific,respectively,than any single measurement,the measurement of vector volumes does not add significantly to the diagnosis of GeRD.

关键词： Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Child Child, Preschool esophagogastric Junction Female Gastroesophageal Reflux Humans Hydrogen-Ion Concentration Male Manometry Middle Aged ROC Curve Regression Analysis

electro-oxidation of hydrazine shows marcusian electron transfer kinetics

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Science China Chemistry 2021年第2期64卷 322-329页

作者： Ruiyang Miao Lifu Chen richard G Compton Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX13QZUK

Although hydrazine(N2 H4) oxidation in an electrochemical environment has been of great interest for years,its intrinsic electron transfer kinetics remain *** report that the phenomenological Butler-Volmer(BV) theory is not appropriate for interpreting the process of hydrazine oxidation for which an astonishingly wide range of transfer coefficients,Tafel slopes and diffusion coefficient have been previously *** Tafel analysis for voltammetry recorded at Glassy Carbon(GC)electrodes reveals a strong potential dependence of the anodic transfer coefficient,consistent with the symmetric Marcus-Hush(sMH) *** to the relationship β=λ+Fef^0/2λ-F/2λ e,the reorganization energy(0.35±0.07 eV) and an approximate formal potential of the rate-determining first electron transfer were successfully extracted from the voltammetric responses.

关键词： hydrazine electrode kinetics transfer coefficient Butler-Volmer theory Marcus-Hush theory