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On the development of optical peripheral nerve interfaces

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 425-436页

作者： Hans e.Anderson richard F.ff.Weir Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado Denver|Anschutz Medical Campus

Limb loss and spinal cord injury are two debilitating conditions that continue to grow in prevalence. Prosthetic limbs and limb reanimation present two ways of providing affected individuals with means to interact in the world. These techniques are both dependent on a robust interface with the peripheral nerve. Current methods for interfacing with the peripheral nerve tend to suffer from low specificity, high latency and insufficient robustness for a chronic implant. An optical peripheral nerve interface may solve some of these problems by decreasing invasiveness and providing single axon specificity. In order to implement such an interface three elements are required:(1) a transducer capable of translating light into a neural stimulus or translating neural activity into changes in fluorescence,(2) a means for delivering said transducer and(3) a microscope for providing the stimulus light and detecting the fluorescence change. There are continued improvements in both genetically encoded calcium and voltage indicators as well as new optogenetic actuators for stimulation. Similarly, improvements in specificity of viral vectors continue to improve expression in the axons of the peripheral nerve. Our work has recently shown that it is possible to virally transduce axons of the peripheral nerve for recording from small fibers. The improvements of these components make an optical peripheral nerve interface a rapidly approaching alternative to current methods.

关键词： peripheral nerve interfaces optogenetics optical neural interface optical peripheral nerve interface GCaMP ArcLight adenoassociated viral vector lentiviral vectors viral vectors implantable microscopy

Periodicities in the emplacement of large igneous provinces through the Phanerozoic:Relations to ocean chemistry and marine biodiversity evolution

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第3期4卷 263-276页

作者： Andreas Prokoph Hafida e1 Bilali richard ernst Speedstat 19 Langstrom CrescentOttawaON K1G 5J5Canada Carleton University Department of Earth SciencesHerzberg BuildingOttawaON KIS 5B6Canada Carleton University Department of Earth SciencesHerzberg BuildingOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada ernstGeosciences 43 Margrave AvenueOttawaON K1T 3Y2Canada

Large igneous provinces （LIPs） are considered a relevant cause for mass extinctions of marine life throughout earth＇s history. Their flood basalts and associated intrusions can cause significant release of SO4 and CO2 and consequently, cause major environmental disruptions. Here, we reconstruct the long-term periodic pattern of LIP emplacement and its impact on ocean chemistry and biodiversity from δ34Ssulfate of the last 520 Ma under particular consideration of the preservation limits of LIP records. A combination of cross-wavelet and other time-series analysis methods has been applied to quantify a potential chain of linkage between LIP emplacement periodicity, geochemical changes and the Phanerozoic marine genera record. We suggest a mantle plume cyclicity represented by LIP volumes （V） of V= （350-770） × 103km3sin（27πt/ 170 Ma）＋（300-650）× 103 km3 sin（2πt/64.5 Ma ＋ 2.3） for t= time in Ma. A shift from the 64.5 Ma to a weaker -28-35 Ma LIP cyclicity during the Jurassic contributes together with probably independent changes in the marine sulfur cycle to less ocean anoxia, and a general stabilization of ocean chemistry and increasing marine biodiversity throughout the last -135 Ma. The LIP cycle pattern is coherent with marine biodiversity fluctuations corresponding to a reduction of marine biodiversity of -120 genera/Ma at 600 x 103 km3 LIP eruption volume. The 62-65 Ma LIP cycle pattern as well as excursion in -34Ssulfate and marine genera reduction suggest a not-vet identified found LIP event at - 440-450 Ma.

关键词： Large igneous provinces Wavelet transform Sulfur isotope Mantle plume Marine biodiversity Periodicity

Quantitative Analysis of Carbon Content in Bituminous Coal by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Using UV Laser Radiation

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Plasma Science and Technology 2015年第11期17卷 928-932页

作者：李雄威毛向雷王哲 richard e.RUSSO State Key Lab of Power Systems Department of Thermal EngineeringTsinghua-BP Clean Energy CenterTsinghua University Guodian New energy Technology Research Institute Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California

The carbon content of bituminous coal samples was analyzed by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The 266 nm laser radiation was utilized for laser ablation and plasma generation in air. The partial least square method and the dominant factor bused PLS method were used to improve the measurement accuracy of the carbon content of coal. The results showed that the PLS model could achieve good measurement accuracy, and the dominant factor based PLS model could further improve the measurement accuracy. The coefficient of determination and the root-mean-square error of prediction of the PLS model were 0.97 and 2.19%, respectively; and those values for the dominant factor based PLS model were 0.99 and 1.51%, respectively. The results demonstrated that the 266 nm wavelength could accurately measure the carbon content of bituminous coal.

关键词： LIBS coal carbon content PLS quantitative measurement

Developmental ecology of the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 550-562页

作者： Mark L.BOTTON richard A.TANKeRSLeY Robert e.LOVeLAND Department of Natural Sciences Fordham University Department of Biological Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Department of ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University

During spawning events, horseshoe crab eggs are released from the female＇s oviducts, and fertilized by one or more males. eggs are shaped by the female into discrete clutches deposited in nests at depths of 10-20 cm on intertidal estuarine beaches. Distinguishing between fxesh eggs and the early developmental stages is obfuscated by the large amount of dense, opaque yolk. The first unambiguous confirmation of development is the formation of the rudimentary prosomatie appendages at the ＂limb bud＂ stage. Several days thereafter, the outer chorion is shed and the developing embryo expands and undergoes a series of molts within the clear inner egg membrane. The trilobite （first iustar） stage thus attained may remain within the beach sedi- ments for several more weeks, until hatching is facilitated by environmental factors such as hydration, agitation, and osmotic shock that accompany the infiltration of seawater into the nests. Trilobites exhibit endogenous eirgatidal swimming rhythms that are entrained by mechanical agitation, suggesting that peaks in larval swimming are timed to coincide with periods of high water and the inundation of the nests. Larval swimming is limited and does not appear to result in long-distance dispersal. The limited dispersal of the larvae has important implications for the population dynamics of relatively isolated populations. The rate of larval development is highly plastic and is influenced by temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of pollutants. The broad environmental tolerances of horseshoe crab embryos and larvae are important in understanding their current geographic distribution and their evolutionary persistence

关键词： Horseshoe crab Limulus Development embryo Larval dispersal

Combined aqueous misdirection and persistent choroidal effusions following implantation of a Preserflo Micro Shunt

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2023年第4期16卷 652-655页

作者： Huzaifa Malick Craig Wilde richard e Stead University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester Royal InfirmaryInfirmary SquareLeicesterLE15WW***United Kingdom Queens Medical Centre Derby RoadNottingham NG72UHUnited Kingdom

AIM:To describe a case of aqueous misdirection complicated by subsequent persistent choroidal effusions following implantation of a Preserflo Micro Shunt(PMS)device to treat advanced closed angle ***:A 67-year-old caucasian female with advanced primar y angle-closure glaucoma on four medications with an intraocular pressure(IOP)of 26 mm Hg was listed for a PMS insertion with mitomycin C(MMC).ReSULTS:Past ocular history was significant for pseudophakia and previous yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG)peripheral *** was uneventful but on the first postoperative day,she developed aqueous misdirection complicated by subsequent development of persistent uveal *** treatment strategies including atropine drops,YAG hyaloidotomy and choroidal effusion drainage proved ineffective.A combination of oral steroids and pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)along with an irido-zonulohyloidectomy(IZH)proved ***:To the best of the author’s knowledge,this is the first published case of aqueous misdirection complicated with the presence of significant,unresolving choroidal effusions,highlighting the possibility and sequelae of comorbid pathology in nanophthalmic eyes.

关键词： combined aqueous misdirections persistent choroidal effusions

Solvothermal preparation of iron phosphonate cages

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第6期55卷 910-913页

作者： WINPeNNY richard e. P. School of Chemistry University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom The Photon Science Institute University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom

Three new iron（Ⅲ） phosphonate cage-like complexes with [Fe4], [Feg] and [Fe14] cores have been synthesized by solvothermal reaction with various starting materials. Magnetic studies show overall antiferromagnetic i... 详细信息

关键词： polynuclear iron coordination phosphonate magnetic properties

Colonic lesion characterization in inflammatory bowel disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第10期24卷 1167-1180页

作者： richard Lord Nicholas e Burr Noor Mohammed Venkataraman Subramanian Department of Gastroenterology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for the diagnostic accuracy of in vivo lesion characterization in colonic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), using optical imaging techniques, including virtual chromoendoscopy(VCe), dye-based chromoendoscopy(DBC), magnification endoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLe). MeTHODS We searched Medline, embase and the Cochrane library. We performed a bivariate meta-analysis to calculate the pooled estimate sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative likelihood ratios(+LHR,-LHR), diagnostic odds ratios(DOR), and area under the SROC curve(AUSROC) for each technology group. A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate differences in real-time nonmagnified Kudo pit patterns(with VCe and DBC) and real-time *** We included 22 studies [1491 patients; 4674 polyps, of which 539(11.5%) were neoplastic]. Real-time CLe had a pooled sensitivity of 91%(95%CI: 66%-98%), specificity of 97%(95%CI: 94%-98%), and an AUSROC of 0.98(95%CI: 0.97-0.99). Magnification endoscopy had a pooled sensitivity of 90%(95%CI: 77%-96%)and specificity of 87%(95%CI: 81%-91%). VCe had a pooled sensitivity of 86%(95%CI: 62%-95%) and specificity of 87%(95%CI: 72%-95%). DBC had a pooled sensitivity of 67%(95%CI: 44%-84%) and specificity of 86%(95%CI: 72%-94%). CONCLUSION Real-time CLe is a highly accurate technology for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions in patients with colonic IBD. However, most CLe studies were performed by single expert users within tertiary centres, potentially confounding these results.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease dysplasia Lesion characterization Confocal laser endomicroscopy Narrow band imaging I-scan Fujinon intelligence chromoendoscopy

Intracellular Transport of Plant Viruses： Finding the Door out of the Cell

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 813-831页

作者： James e. Schoelz Phillip A. Harries richard S. Nelson Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg KS 66762 USA Plant Biology Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc. Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Plant viruses are a class of plant pathogens that specialize in movement from cell to cell. As part of their arsenal for infection of plants, every virus encodes a movement protein （MP）, a protein dedicated to enlarging the pore size of plasmodesmata （PD） and actively transporting the viral nucleic acid into the adjacent cell. As our knowledge of intercellular transport has increased, it has become apparent that viruses must also use an active mechanism to target the virus from their site of replication within the cell to the PD. Just as viruses are too large to fit through an unmodified plasmodesma, they are also too large to be freely diffused through the cytoplasm of the cell. evidence has accumulated now for the involvement of other categories of viral proteins in intracellular movement in addition to the MP, including viral proteins originally associated with replication or gene expression. In this review, we will discuss the strategies that viruses use for intracellular movement from the replication site to the PD, in particular focusing on the role of host membranes for intracellular transport and the coordinated interactions between virus proteins within cells that are necessary for successful virus spread.

关键词： Macromolecular trafficking membrane biology membrane proteins movement proteins plasmodesmata plant-virus interactions.

The aggressive invasion of exotic reptiles in Florida with a focus on prominent species： A review

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： richard eNGeMAN elliott JACOBSON Michael L. AVeRY Walter e. MeSHAKA, Jr. USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services/National Wildlife Research Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The State Museum of Pennsylvania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Florida, along with Hawaii, has among the two worst invasive species problems in the USA, and the state is espe-cially susceptible to establishment by alien reptiles. Besides the large numbers of established non-native reptile species in Florida, many of these species present novel difficulties for management, or have other characteristics making effective management ex-tremely challenging. Moreover, initiation of management action requires more than recognition by experts that a potentially harmful species has become established. It also requires the political will along with concomitant resources and appropriate per-sonnel to develop effective methods and apply them. We review the situation in Florida, including assessment of risk for estab- lishment, and we use a subset of prominent species to illustrate in more detail the array of invasive reptile species circumstances in Florida, including routes of introduction, impacts, and potential and implemented management actions. These examples not only highlight the severity of the invasive reptile problems in the state, but they also show the diversity in resolve and response towards them and the motivating factors [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Argentine black and white tegus Biophysical ecology Burmese pythons Control Green and spiny-tailed iguanas,Invasive species Nile monitors Northern curlytail lizards