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Ventricular repolarization markers for predicting malignant arrhythmias in clinical practice

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第8期3卷 705-720页

作者： Yaniel Castro-Torres Raimundo Carmona-Puerta richard e katholi Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Dr.Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz Cardiocentro ernesto Che Guevara Southern Illinois University School of Medicine and Prairie Cardiovascular Consultants

Malignant cardiac arrhythmias which result in sudden cardiac death may be present in individuals apparently healthy or be associated with other medical conditions. The way to predict their appearance represents a challenge for the medical community due to the tragic outcomes in most cases. In the last two decades some ventricular repolarization(VR) markers have been found to be useful to predict malignant cardiac arrhythmias in several clinical conditions. The corrected QT, QT dispersion, Tpeak-Tend, Tpeak-Tend dispersion and Tp-e/QT have been studied and implemented in clinical practice for this purpose. These markers are obtained from 12 lead surface electrocardiogram. In this review we discuss how these markers have demonstrated to be effective to predict malignant arrhythmias in medical conditions such as long and short QT syndromes, Brugada syndrome, early repolarization syndrome, acute myocardial ischemia, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity and highly trained athletes. Also the main pathophysiological mechanisms that explain the arrhythmogenic predisposition in these diseases and the basis for the VR markers are discussed. However, the same results have not been found in all conditions. Further studies are needed to reach a global consensus in order to incorporate these VR parameters in risk stratification of these patients.

关键词： electrocardiographic predictor Ventricular repolarization markers Ventricular fibrillation Sudden cardiac death QT interval Corrected QT interval QT dispersion Tpeak-Tend interval Tpeak-Tend QT ratio

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novel treatment approaches in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients

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World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第4期5卷 536-545页

作者： Yaniel Castro Torres richard e katholi Facultad de Medicina Universidad de Ciencias Médicas Dr. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz Santa Clara 50100 Villa Clara Cuba Southern Illinois University School of Medi-cine and Prairie Cardiovascular Consultants Springfield IL 62701 United States

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and hypertension represent two common conditions *** frequent association with cardiovascular diseases makes management of hypertensive patients with T2DM an important clinical *** and renal denervation are two promising choices to reduce plasma glucose levels and blood pressure in hypertensive patients with T2DM to reduce future complications and improve clinical outcomes and *** mechanisms of both options are under investigation,but one of the most accepted is an attenuation in sympathetic nervous system activity which lowers blood pressure and improves insulin *** of these therapeutic approaches should be individualized based on specific characteristics of each *** investigations are needed to determine when to consider their use in clinical practice.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Carvedilol Renal denervation Insulin resistance Glucose Hypertension Metabolic disorders Ablation

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Metabolic and Renal Protective Benefits of Magnesium Supplementation in the Long-Term Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第2期13卷 163-177页

作者： richard evers katholi Marcella Rene ervin Prairie educational and Research Cooperative Department of Pharmacology Southern Illinois School of Medicine Springfield USA Prairie educational and Research Cooperative Springfield USA

Magnesium deficiency is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM). When adequate magnesium supplementation is chronically given, patients with type 2 DM appear to have improved glucose control and may have delayed chronic complications. In addition, magnesium supplementation may slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and decrease the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with type 2 DM. Keeping serum magnesium at 2.0 meq/L or greater appears to accomplish these benefits for patients with type 2 DM. Periodically measuring serum magnesium and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) allows a physician to adjust the supplemental magnesium dose to accomplish these therapeutic goals while avoiding hypermagnesemia.

关键词： Hypomagnesemia Contrast-Induced Nephropathy Renal Function SGLT2 Inhibitors Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

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Combining scanning tunneling microscope (STM) imaging and local manipulation to probe the high dose oxidation structure of the Si(111)-7×7 surface

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Nano Research 2020年第1期13卷 145-150页

作者： Dogan Kaya richard J.Cobley richard e.Palmer Department of electronics and Automation Vocational School of AdanaCukurova University01160CukurovaAdanaTurkey Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK College of engineering Swansea UniversityBay CampusFabian WaySwanseaSA18ENUK

Understanding the atomistic formation of oxide layers on semiconductors is important for thin film fabrication,scaling down conventional devices and for the integration of emerging research ***,the initial oxidation of Si(111)is studied using the scanning tunneling *** to the complete saturation of the silicon surface with oxygen,we are able to probe the atomic nature of the oxide layer *** establish the threshold for local manipulation of inserted oxygen sites to be+3.8 *** by combining imaging with local atomic manipulation are we able to determine whether inserted oxygen exists beneath surface-bonded oxygen sites and differentiate between sites that have one and more than one oxygen atom inserted beneath the *** to the creation of the thin oxide film we observe a flip in the manipulation rates of inserted oxygen sites consistent with more oxygen inserting beneath the silicon surface.

关键词： scanning tunneling microscopy(STM) local manipulation Si(111) oxidation

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Quantifying Likelihood in Digital Forensic Investigations

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2014年第6期21卷 1-4页

作者： richard e Overill Department of Informatics King's College LondonLondon WC2R 2LSUnited Kingdom

While the conventional forensic scientists routinely validate and express the results of their investigations quantitatively using statistical measures from probability theory,digital forensics examiners rarely if ever do *** this paper,we review some of the quantitative tools and techniques which are available for use in digital forensic investigations,including Bayesian networks,complexity theory,information theory and probability theory,and indicate how they may be used to obtain likelihood ratios or odds ratios for the relative plausibility of alternative explanations for the creation of the recovered digital *** potential benefits of such quantitative measures for modern digital forensics are also outlined.

关键词： likelihood ratio odds ratio Bayesian network power law statistics,probability theory complexity theory information theory

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Mafic-Ultramafic Large Igneous Provinces （LIPs）： Importance of the Pre-Mesozolc record

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episodes 2007年第2期30卷 108-114页

作者： richard e. ernst ernst Geosciences 43 Margrave Ave Ottawa Ontario K 1T 3Y2 Canada. ＆ Adjunct professor Dept of Earth Sciences Carleton University Ottawa Canada K 1S 5B6.

Mafic-ultramafic magmatic provinces are termed Large Igneous Provinces （LIPs） if they are large （〉10^5 km^3）, are emplaced in a short duration （ca. 〈 5 myr）（or consist of short duration pulses）, and have intraplate characteristics （i.e. are not associated with normal plate boundary processes）. This category includes the classic continental flood basalts, oceanic plateaus, bimodal-rift （passive margin） related packages, but also those events, mainly of Phanerozoic-Proterozoic age, where the plumbing system of dykes, sills and layered intrusions has been exposed by erosion. In the Archean, LIPs may be represented by the greenstone belts of the tholeiite-komatiite association. Felsic magmatism is associated with many LIPs and indeed may be dominant in some cases. LIPs are associated with continental breakup, climatic change, extinction events, and major ore deposits especially of the Ni-Cu-PGe type. Continental LIPs occur on average every 20-30 myr since 2.6 Ga; the Archean record is too poorly preserved for generalizations. LIPs occur both as isolated single events （e.g., 2055 Ma Bushveld event）, as approximately coeval but widely separated events （e.g., 65 Ma Deccan and 62 Ma NAIP）, and as regional clusters associated with supercontinent breakup （e.g., the 830-750 Ma events associated with the breakup of the proposed supercontinent Rodinia）. The LIP record represents a key tool for constraining Proterozoic paleocontinental reconstructions.

关键词：铁镁质火成地区超基性重要记录

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exposure to air pollutants in Vietnam:Assessing potential risk for tourists

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第11期30卷 147-154页

作者： Pallavi Pant Whitney Huynh richard e.Peltier Department of environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health and Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts

Tourism can form an important component of a nation＇s GDP, and Vietnam is among the most visited countries in Southeast Asia. Most studies on personal exposure focus on the general population, or occupational cohorts with exposure to specific pollutants. However, short-term exposure to air pollutants while visiting regions with high levels of air pollution can lead to acute health effects. A personal exposure study was conducted across three cities in Vietnam to estimate exposure to particulate matter （PM2.5） and black carbon for tourists. Measurements were conducted during the wet season in 2014 in Ho Chi Minh City, Da Lat and Nha Trang using portable instrumentation. Average 24-hr PM2.5 and BC exposures were estimated as 18.9 ± 9.24 and 3.41 ± 1.33 μg/m3 and among the three cities, Ho Chi Minh was found to have the highest PM2.5 concentrations. environmental tobacco smoke, commuting and street food stands were found to contribute to highest levels of exposure to PM2.s and BC across all cities.

关键词： Vietnam PM2.5 BC exposure eTS Commute

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Quantitative evaluation of the results of digital forensic investigations:a review of progress

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Forensic Sciences Research 2021年第1期6卷 13-18页

作者： richard e.Overill Jan Collie Department of Informatics King’s College LondonLondonUK Department of Computing&Communication The Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK

Unlike conventional forensics,digital forensics does not at present generally quantify the results of its *** is suggested that digital forensics should aim to catch up with other forensic disciplines by using Bayesian and other numerical methodologies to quantify its investigations’*** the plausibility of alternative hypotheses(or propositions,or claims)which explain how recovered digital evidence came to exist on a device could assist both the prosecution and the defence sides in criminal proceedings:helping the prosecution to decide whether to proceed to trial and helping defence lawyers to advise a defendant how to *** paper reviews some numerical approaches to the goal of quantifying the relative weights of individual items of digital evidence and the plausibility of hypotheses based on that *** potential advantages enabling the construction of cost-effective digital forensic triage schemas are also outlined.

关键词： Forensic sciences digital forensic metrics measures of plausibility Bayesian networks probability theory statistical theory complexity theory information theory

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On the development of optical peripheral nerve interfaces

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 425-436页

作者： Hans e.Anderson richard F.ff.Weir Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado Denver|Anschutz Medical Campus

Limb loss and spinal cord injury are two debilitating conditions that continue to grow in prevalence. Prosthetic limbs and limb reanimation present two ways of providing affected individuals with means to interact in the world. These techniques are both dependent on a robust interface with the peripheral nerve. Current methods for interfacing with the peripheral nerve tend to suffer from low specificity, high latency and insufficient robustness for a chronic implant. An optical peripheral nerve interface may solve some of these problems by decreasing invasiveness and providing single axon specificity. In order to implement such an interface three elements are required:(1) a transducer capable of translating light into a neural stimulus or translating neural activity into changes in fluorescence,(2) a means for delivering said transducer and(3) a microscope for providing the stimulus light and detecting the fluorescence change. There are continued improvements in both genetically encoded calcium and voltage indicators as well as new optogenetic actuators for stimulation. Similarly, improvements in specificity of viral vectors continue to improve expression in the axons of the peripheral nerve. Our work has recently shown that it is possible to virally transduce axons of the peripheral nerve for recording from small fibers. The improvements of these components make an optical peripheral nerve interface a rapidly approaching alternative to current methods.

关键词： peripheral nerve interfaces optogenetics optical neural interface optical peripheral nerve interface GCaMP ArcLight adenoassociated viral vector lentiviral vectors viral vectors implantable microscopy

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Periodicities in the emplacement of large igneous provinces through the Phanerozoic:Relations to ocean chemistry and marine biodiversity evolution

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Geoscience Frontiers 2013年第3期4卷 263-276页

作者： Andreas Prokoph Hafida e1 Bilali richard ernst Speedstat 19 Langstrom CrescentOttawaON K1G 5J5Canada Carleton University Department of Earth SciencesHerzberg BuildingOttawaON KIS 5B6Canada Carleton University Department of Earth SciencesHerzberg BuildingOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada ernstGeosciences 43 Margrave AvenueOttawaON K1T 3Y2Canada

Large igneous provinces （LIPs） are considered a relevant cause for mass extinctions of marine life throughout earth＇s history. Their flood basalts and associated intrusions can cause significant release of SO4 and CO2 and consequently, cause major environmental disruptions. Here, we reconstruct the long-term periodic pattern of LIP emplacement and its impact on ocean chemistry and biodiversity from δ34Ssulfate of the last 520 Ma under particular consideration of the preservation limits of LIP records. A combination of cross-wavelet and other time-series analysis methods has been applied to quantify a potential chain of linkage between LIP emplacement periodicity, geochemical changes and the Phanerozoic marine genera record. We suggest a mantle plume cyclicity represented by LIP volumes （V） of V= （350-770） × 103km3sin（27πt/ 170 Ma）＋（300-650）× 103 km3 sin（2πt/64.5 Ma ＋ 2.3） for t= time in Ma. A shift from the 64.5 Ma to a weaker -28-35 Ma LIP cyclicity during the Jurassic contributes together with probably independent changes in the marine sulfur cycle to less ocean anoxia, and a general stabilization of ocean chemistry and increasing marine biodiversity throughout the last -135 Ma. The LIP cycle pattern is coherent with marine biodiversity fluctuations corresponding to a reduction of marine biodiversity of -120 genera/Ma at 600 x 103 km3 LIP eruption volume. The 62-65 Ma LIP cycle pattern as well as excursion in -34Ssulfate and marine genera reduction suggest a not-vet identified found LIP event at - 440-450 Ma.

关键词： Large igneous provinces Wavelet transform Sulfur isotope Mantle plume Marine biodiversity Periodicity

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