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Dynamic Scaling of the Generalized Complementary Relationship Improves Long-term Tendency Estimates in Land Evaporation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第9期37卷 975-986页

作者： Jozsef SZILAGYI richard CRAGO Ning MA Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Budapest University of Technology H-1111Budapest Hungary Conservation and Survey Division School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNebraska 68583USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Bucknell UniversityLewisburgPennsylvania 17837USA Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Most large-scale evapotranspiration(ET)estimation methods require detailed information of land use,land cover,and/or soil type on top of various atmospheric *** complementary relationship of evaporation(CR)takes advantage of the inherent dynamic feedback mechanisms found in the soil−vegetation−atmosphere interface for its estimation of ET rates without the need of such biogeophysical *** estimates over the conterminous United States by a new,globally calibrated,static scaling(GCR-stat)of the generalized complementary relationship(GCR)of evaporation were compared to similar estimates of an existing,calibration-free version(GCR-dyn)of the GCR that employs a temporally varying dynamic *** annual water balances of 327 medium and 18 large watersheds served as ground-truth ET *** long-term monthly mean forcing,GCR-stat(also utilizing precipitation measurements)outperforms GCR-dyn as the latter cannot fully take advantage of its dynamic scaling with such data of reduced temporal ***,in a continuous monthly simulation,GCR-dyn is on a par with GCR-stat,and especially excels in reproducing long-term tendencies in annual catchment ET rates even though it does not require precipitation *** same GCR-dyn estimates were also compared to similar estimates of eight other popular ET products and they generally outperform all of *** this reason,a dynamic scaling of the GCR is recommended over a static one for modeling long-term behavior of terrestrial ET.

关键词： land−atmosphere interactions land evaporation evapotranspiration complementary relationship of evaporation

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High Performance Electrically Small Huygens Rectennas Enable Wirelessly Powered Internet of Things Sensing Applications:A Review

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Engineering 2022年第4期8卷 42-59页

作者： Wei Lin richard W.Ziolkowski Global Big Data Technologies Centre School of Electrical and Data EngineeringUniversity of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia

Far-field wireless power transfer(WPT)is a major breakthrough technology that will enable the many anticipated ubiquitous Internet of Things(IoT)applications associated with fifth generation(5G),sixth generation(6G),and beyond wireless ***,which are the combination of rectifying circuits and antennas,are the most critical components in far-field WPT ***,compact application devices require even smaller integrated rectennas that simultaneously have large electromagnetic wave capture capabilities,high alternating current(AC)-to-direct current(DC)(AC-to-DC)conversion efficiencies,and facilitate a multifunctional wireless *** paper reviews various rectenna miniaturization techniques such as meandered planar inverted-F antenna(PIFA)rectennas;miniaturized monopole-and dipole-based rectennas;fractal loop and patch rectennas;dielectric-loaded rectennas;and electrically small near-field resonant parasitic *** performance characteristics are summarized and then compared with our previously developed electrically small Huygens rectennas that are proven to be more suitable for IoT *** have been tailored,for example,to achieve batteryfree IoT sensors as is demonstrated in this ***-free,wirelessly powered devices are smaller and lighter in weight in comparison to battery-powered ***,they are environmentally friendly and,hence,have a significant societal benefit.A series of high-performance electrically small Huygens rectennas are presented including Huygens linearly-polarized(HLP)and circularly-polarized(HCP)rectennas;wirelessly powered IoT sensors based on these designs;and a dual-functional HLP rectenna and antenna ***,two linear uniform HLP rectenna array systems are considered for significantly larger wireless power *** arrays illustrate how they can be integrated advantageously with DC or radio frequency(RF)power-combining schemes for practical IoT applications.

关键词： Antenna Array Cardioid pattern Electrically small antenna Huygens dipole antenna Internet of Things(IoT) Rectenna Rectifier circuit Wireless power transfer

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Single entity electrochemistry and the electron transfer kinetics of hydrazine oxidation

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Nano Research 2021年第11期14卷 4132-4139页

作者： Ruiyang Miao Lidong Shao richard G.Compton Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX13QZUK Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power Shanghai University of Electric Power2103 Pingliang RoadShanghai200090China

The mechanism and kinetics of the electro-catalytic oxidation of hydrazine by graphene oxide platelets randomly decorated with palladium nanoparticles are deduced using single particle impact electrochemical measurements in buffered aqueous solutions across the pH range 2–11. Both hydrazine, N2H4, and protonated hydrazine N2H5+ are shown to be electroactive following Butler-Volmer kinetics, of which the relative contribution is strongly pH-dependent. The negligible interconversion between N2H4 and N2H5+ due to the sufficiently short timescale of the impact voltammetry, allows the analysis of the two electron transfer rates from impact signals thus reflecting the composition of the bulk solution at the pH in question. In this way the rate determining step in the oxidation of each specie is deduced to be a one electron step in which no protons are released and so likely corresponds to the initial formation of a very short-lived radical cation either in solution or adsorbed on the platelet. Overall the work establishes a generic method for the elucidation of the rate determining electron transfer in a multistep process free from any complexity imposed by preceding or following chemical reactions which occur on the timescale of conventional voltammetry.

关键词： single entity electrochemistry hydrazine electro-oxidation electro-catalysis graphene oxide palladium nanoparticles

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Luminescence of Er^(3+) in Oxyfluoride Transparent Glass-Ceramics

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第6期24卷 699-705页

作者： Akira Ueda Steven H Morgan richard Mu Department of Physics Fisk University NashvilleTN 37208 USA

Erbium doped silicate, germanate, and tellurium-germanate oxyfluoride glasses were prepared in a bulk form. Through appropriate heat treatment of the as-prepared glasses, transparent glass-ceramics （TGCs） were obtained with the formation of β-PbF2：Er^3＋ nanocrystals in the glass matrix were confirmed by X-ray ***-defined diffraction peaks were observed in the samples after heat-treatment. The average crystal diameter of these precipitated crystals from full-width at half-maximum （FWHM） of the diffraction peak was estimated to be between 8 and 13 nm. Optical absorption, photoluminescence, and upconversion luminescence were measured on as-prepared glass and glass-ceramics. Luminescence spectra in the TGC samples revealed well-resolved, sharp stark-splitting peaks, which indicates that a majority of Er^3＋ ions has been incorporated into the crystalline phase of the nanocrystals. The intensity of the visible and near infrared luminescence mostly increases in TSG compared to that in the as-prepared glass. In 1.53 μm absorption and emission bands, the maximum absorption peak is blue-shifted from 1531 to 1507 nm, whereas the maximum emission peak is redshifted from 1535 to 1543 nm in TGC, as compared with that in glass. The bandwidth at half-maximum （BWHM） of the emission band is significantly broader in TGC than in glass, which is beneficial to the erbium-doped fiber amplifier （EDFA）. Upconversion luminescence was measured using 800 nm near-infrared light excitation. Drastically increased upconversion 1 was observed from the TGC as compared to that from their corresponding as-prepared glasses. In addition to a strong green emission centered at 545 nm because of ^4S3/2→^4I15/2 transition and a weaker red emission centered at 662 nm because of ^4F9/2→^4I15/2 transition, generally seen from the Er^3＋ doped glasses, two violet emissions centered at 410 nm because of ^2H9/2→^4I15/2 transition and centered at 379 nm because of ^4G11/2→^4I15/2 transition were also o

关键词： luminescence transparent glass-ceramics rare earths

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A Method of Characterizing Radio Signal Space for Wireless Device Localization

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2015年第4期20卷 385-408页

作者： John-Austen Francisco richard P.Martin Department of Computer Science Rutgers University

In this work we present a novel approach for describing radio signal spaces for localization algorithms. We first introduce a new metric, the Discretely Distributed Log-H61der Metric （DDLHM）. The DDLHM is designed to characterize the type and degree of signal distortion relative to Iognormal signal-to-distance path models. We first show how the DDLHM can describe and discriminate distortions in an exhaustive set of synthetic signal spaces. We then determine a reduced set of maximally diagnostic distortion parameters. Using only 4% of the maximal set of DDLHMs, we found the reduced set matches with an acceptable degree of error 95% of the time. Using the synthetic reduced set, we characterized a variety of wireless localization algorithms＇ behaviors to attenuation, bias, and multipath. We found algorithms made much different tradeoffs between best case and average case error. We then use the DDLHM to identify distortion types in three different physical environments using measured 802.11 signal strengths, and predict the positioning performance of several localization algorithms. Our approach predicts average localization error to within 2 meters of the observed average error.

关键词： radio propgation 802.11 WiFi

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Design of soft magnetic materials

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 17-26页

作者： Ananya Renuka Balakrishna richard D.James Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA Aerospace and Engineering Mechanics University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN55455USA

We present a strategy for the design of ferromagnetic materials with exceptionally low magnetic hysteresis,quantified by *** this strategy,we use a micromagnetic algorithm that we have developed in previous research and which has been validated by its success in solving the“Permalloy Problem”—the well-known difficulty of predicting the composition 78.5%Ni of the lowest coercivity in the Fe–Ni system—and by the insight it provides into the“Coercivity Paradox”of ***,the design strategy predicts that cubic materials with large saturation magnetization ms and large magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant κ_(1) will have low coercivity on the order of that of Permalloy,as long as the magnetostriction constantsλ_(100),λ_(111)are tuned to special *** explicit prediction for a cubic material with low coercivity is the dimensionless number(c_(11)−c_(12))λ_(100)^(2)/(2_(κ_(1)))=81 for〈100〉easy *** results would seem to have broad potential application,especially to magnetic materials of interest in energy research.

关键词： magnetic cubic exceptional

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Mafic-Ultramafic Large Igneous Provinces （LIPs）： Importance of the Pre-Mesozolc record

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Episodes 2007年第2期30卷 108-114页

作者： richard E. Ernst Ernst Geosciences 43 Margrave Ave Ottawa Ontario K 1T 3Y2 Canada. ＆ Adjunct professor Dept of Earth Sciences Carleton University Ottawa Canada K 1S 5B6.

Mafic-ultramafic magmatic provinces are termed Large Igneous Provinces （LIPs） if they are large （〉10^5 km^3）, are emplaced in a short duration （ca. 〈 5 myr）（or consist of short duration pulses）, and have intraplate characteristics （i.e. are not associated with normal plate boundary processes）. This category includes the classic continental flood basalts, oceanic plateaus, bimodal-rift （passive margin） related packages, but also those events, mainly of Phanerozoic-Proterozoic age, where the plumbing system of dykes, sills and layered intrusions has been exposed by erosion. In the Archean, LIPs may be represented by the greenstone belts of the tholeiite-komatiite association. Felsic magmatism is associated with many LIPs and indeed may be dominant in some cases. LIPs are associated with continental breakup, climatic change, extinction events, and major ore deposits especially of the Ni-Cu-PGE type. Continental LIPs occur on average every 20-30 myr since 2.6 Ga; the Archean record is too poorly preserved for generalizations. LIPs occur both as isolated single events （e.g., 2055 Ma Bushveld event）, as approximately coeval but widely separated events （e.g., 65 Ma Deccan and 62 Ma NAIP）, and as regional clusters associated with supercontinent breakup （e.g., the 830-750 Ma events associated with the breakup of the proposed supercontinent Rodinia）. The LIP record represents a key tool for constraining Proterozoic paleocontinental reconstructions.

关键词：铁镁质火成地区超基性重要记录

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Therapeutic endoscopy for the treatment of post-bariatric surgery complications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第2期28卷 199-215页

作者： Michael Larsen richard Kozarek Digestive Disease Institute Virginia Mason Medical CenterSeattleWA 98101United States

Obesity rates continue to climb *** often contributes to other comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes,hypertension,heart disease and is a known risk factor for many *** surgeries are by far the most invasive treatment options available but are often the most effective and can result in profound,durable weight loss with improvement in or resolution of weight associated *** performed bariatric surgeries include Rouxen-Y gastric bypass,sleeve gastrectomy,and laparoscopic gastric *** surgeries are associated with significant weight loss,but also with significant rates of major *** complexity of these patients and surgical anatomies makes management of these complications by a multidisciplinary team critical for optimal *** invasive treatments for complications are typically preferred because of the high risk associated with repeat *** plays a large role in both the diagnosis and the management of *** can provide therapeutic interventions for many bariatric surgical complications including anastomotic strictures,anastomotic leaks,choledocholithiasis,sleeve stenosis,weight regain,and eroded *** should be familiar with the various surgical anatomies as well as the various therapeutic options *** review article serves to delineate the current role of endoscopy in the management of complications after bariatric surgery.

关键词： Therapeutic endoscopy Bariatric surgery Complications Weight regain Sleeve stenosis Sleeve leak

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Ecology and Behaviour of Burton's Legless Lizard(Lialis burtonis,Pygopodidae) in Tropical Australia

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第1期4卷 9-21页

作者： Michael WALL richard SHINE School of Biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney

The elongate, functionally limbless flap-footed lizards （family Pygopodidae） are found throughout Australia, ranging into southern New Guinea. Despite their diversity and abundance in most Australian ecosystems, pygopodids have attracted little scientific study. An intensive ecological study of one pygopodid, Burton＇s legless lizard （Lialis burtonis Gray 1835）, was conducted in Australia＇s tropical Northern Territory. L. burtonis eats nothing but other lizards, primarily skinks, and appears to feed relatively infrequently （only 20.8% of stomachs contained prey）. Ovulation and mating occur chiefly in the late dry-season （beginning around September）, and most egg-laying takes place in the early to middle wet-season （November-January）. Females can lay multiple clutches per year, some of which may be fertilised with stored sperm. Free-ranging L. burtonis are sedentary ambush foragers, with radio-tracked lizards moving on average 〈 5 m/day. Most foraging is done diurnally, but lizards may be active at any time of day or night. Radiotracked lizards were usually found in leaf-litter microhabitats, a preference that was also evident in habitat-choice experiments using field enclosures. Lizards typically buried themselves in 6-8 cm of litter; at this depth, they detect potential prey items while staying hidden from predators and prey and avoiding lethally high temperatures.

关键词： Squamata habitat use wet-dry tropics thermoregulation movement activity patterns

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Tissue Engineering to Restore Cardiac Function

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Engineering 2022年第6期8卷 13-17页

作者： richard D.Weisel Toronto General Research Institute Toronto General HospitalUniversity Health Network&Department of SurgeryDivision of Cardiac SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoON M5G 2C4Canada

1. Introduction The purpose of cardiac surgery is to restore the injured heart to full function. For many congenital cardiac defects, appropriate repair is able to establish nearly normal cardiac function. One example of such repair is closing abnormal holes between cardiac chambers in young children, which usually restores normal function that persists for the lifetime of the child. However, the advent of surgery for ischemic heart disease has resulted in new challenges for cardiac surgeons.

关键词： function surgery lifetime

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