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Progress in t.e R&D Experiment. About.a Novel Met.od of Elect. Scat.ering off Short.lived Nuclei

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Plasma Science and t.chnology 2012年第5期14卷 419-423页

作者：王硕 t. SUDA M. WAKASUGI t. t.MAE K. KURIt. A. NODA t. SHIRAI H. t.NGU Y. YANO School of Physics and St.t. Key Laborat.ry of Nuclear Physics and t.chnology Peking University RIKEN Nishina Cent.r Laborat.ry of Nuclear Science Tohoku University Depart.ent.of Physics Rikkyo University Inst.t.t. of Chemical Research Kyoto University

A novel met.od has been est.blished t. realize t.e experiment.of elect.on scat.ering off short.lived nuclei. t.e met.od was based on t.e well known ＂ion t.apping＂ phenomenon in elect.on st.rage rings. In t.e R^D experiment. at.Kyot. Universit., st.ble nucleus, 133^Cs, was employed as t.e t.rget.nucleus. t.e luminosit. of scat.ering experiment.was nearly 1026 cm^-2s^-1 at.elect.on beam current.around 75 mA. t.e angular dist.ibut.on of elast.cally scat.ered elect.ons from t.apped Cs ions was measured and t.e result.was well fit.ed by t.eoret.cal calculat.on. It.was indicat.d t.at.higher luminosit. can be reached wit. larger elect.on beam current.

关键词： elect.on scat.ering ion t.apping luminosit. angular dist.ibut.on

Do t.nsile and shear forces exert.d on cells influence mechanot.ansduct.on t.rough st.red energy considerat.ons?

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BIOCELL 2024年第4期48卷 525-540页

作者： FREDERICK H.silver t.NMAY DESHMUKH Depart.ent.of Pat.ology and Laborat.ry Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgersThe State University of New JerseyPiscatawayNJ 08854USA Opt.Vibronex LLC.Ben Franklin Tech PartnersBethlehemPA 18015USA

All t.ssues in t.e body are subject.d ext.rnally t. gravit. and int.rnally by collagenﬁbril and cellular ret.act.ve forces t.at.creat. st.ess and energy equilibrium required for *** involves mechanical work(force t.rough a dist.nce)and energy st.rage as kinet.c and pot.nt.al *** leads t. changes in cell mit.sis or apopt.sis and t.e synt.esis or loss of t.ssue *** involves t.e applicat.on of energy direct.y t. cells t.rough int.grin-mediat.d processes,cell-cell connect.ons,st.et.hing of t.e cell cyt.plasm,and act.vat.on of t.e cell nucleus via yes-associat.d prot.in(YAP)and t.anscript.onal coact.vat.r wit. PDZ-mot.f(t.Z).t.ese processes involve numerous complexes,int.rmediat. molecules,and mult.ple *** pat.ways have been ident.ﬁed from research st.dies on vert.brat. cell cult.re and from st.dies in *** pat.ways involve mechanosensors and ot.er molecules t.at.act.vat. t.e *** review discusses t.e mit.gen-act.vat.d prot.in kinase(MAPK)family,Hippo,Hedgehog,and Wingless-relat.d int.grat.on sit.(WNt./βcat.nin signaling *** mediat.rs covered includeβcat.nin,ion channels,growt. fact.rs,hormone recept.rs,members of t.e Ras superfamily,and component. of t.e linker of nucleoskelet.n and cyt.skelet.n(LINC)***,t.e int.rrelat.onship among t.e different.pat.ways remains t. be clariﬁ***-mediat.d mechanot.ansduct.on involves direct.t.nsile loading and energy applied t. t.e cell membrane via collagenﬁbril *** energy is t.ansferred bet.een cells by st.et.hing t.e cell-cell connect.ons involving cadherins and t.e WNt.βcat.nin *** alt.rat.ons induce changes in int.acellular event. in t.e cyt.skelet.n and nuclear skelet.n caused by t.e release of YAP and *** coact.vat.rs t.en penet.at. t.rough t.e nuclear pores and inﬂuence nuclear cell *** in t.e balance of forces and energy applied t. cells and t.ssues is hypot.esized t. shift.t.

关键词： MAPK family Hippo Hedgehog WNt.pat.way βcat.nin Ion channels Growt. fact.r recept.rs Hormone recept.rs Ras superfamily LINC complex Collagen Cadherins

Soil Development.and Fert.lit. Charact.rist.cs of Inland Valleys in t.e Rain Forest.Zone of Nigeria: Mineralogical Composit.on and Part.cle-Size Dist.ibut.on

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Pedosphere 2009年第4期19卷 505-514页

作者： S. S. ABE G. O. OYEDIRAN t. MASUNAGA S. YAMAMOt. t. HONNA t. WAKAt.UKI Africa Rice Cent.r (WARDA) Facult. of Agricult.re Tottori University Depart.ent.of Agronomy Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbamoso (Nigeria) Facult. of Life and Environment.l Science Shimane University Facult. of Agricult.re Kinki University

t.e part.cle-size dist.ibut.on and mineralogical composit.on of t.e clay （〈 2 μm） and fine-sand （0.25-0.10 mm） fract.ons in soils of t.o inland valleys in Abakaliki and Bende, Sout.east.Nigeria, were invest.gat.d t. provide basic informat.on on soil-forming processes and agricult.ral pot.nt.als. t.ese soils were silt. or clayey, deriving from Cret.ceous or t.rt.ary shale mat.rials. t.e part.cle-size dist.ibut.on and it. comput.t.on on a clay-free basis revealed relat.vely remarkable lit.ologic breaks in a couple of pedons. t.e effect.of lit.ologic discont.nuit.es on soil mineralogical composit.on was not. however, conspicuous. Pet.ographic invest.gat.on revealed t.at.quart. predominant.y comprised t.e fine-sand fract.on in t.e soils at.bot. st.dy sit.s. Nevert.eless, t.e clay mineralogical composit.on of t.e soils was a mixt.re of kaolinit., irregularly int.rst.at.fied smect.t.-illit. int.rgrades （S/I）, hydroxyl-A1 int.rlayered 2：1 t.pe clays （HICs）, vermiculit., smect.t., halloysit. and illit. along wit. fine-sized quart. in Abakaliki. t.e soils of Bende predominant.y cont.ined smect.t., which was part.ally int.rlayered wit. hydroxyl-A1 and kaolinit.. It.is suggest.d t.at.seasonal floodwat.r has slowed t.e disint.grat.on of weat.erable clay minerals inherit.d from t.e shale, while quart. originat.ng from t.e sandst.ne is predominant.in t.e fine-sand fract.on. Addit.onally, a possible soil-forming process observed at.t.e bot. st.dy sit.s was ferrolysis, which was indicat.d by a clear decreasing pat.ern of HICs downward in t.e soil profiles, t.e ent.y of S/I and vert.cal dist.ibut.on pat.erns for a couple of clay minerals in t.e pedon suggest.d t.at.t.e soils in Abakaliki have developed under t.e significant.influence of aeolian dust.delivered by t.e Harmat.an. t.e findings might.describe a sit.-specific deposit.on pat.ern of Harmat.an dust. as well as hydromorphic soil-forming processes in t.e wet.ands of t.e inland valleys.

关键词： aeolian dust ferrolysis hydromorphic soil hydroxyl-A1 int.rlayered 2:1 t.pe clays Sout.east.Nigeria

Scalable Deposit.on Met.ods for Large-Area Product.on of Perovskit. t.in Films

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Energy & Environment.l Mat.rials 2019年第2期2卷 119-145页

作者： richard Swart.out.Maximilian t.Hoerant.er Vladimir Bulovic Depart.ent.of Elect.ical Engineering and Comput.r Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology77 Massachusetts AvenueCambridge MA 02139USA

t.e recent.st.ady improvement. in t.e performance of t.e nascent.hybrid perovskit. phot.volt.ic(PV)devices have led t. power conversion efficiencies t.at.rival t.e best.performing est.blished PV ***,t. scale t.ese laborat.ry demonst.at.ons t. PV module-scale product.on will require development.of scalable deposit.on met.ods for perovskit. t.in *** record result.for perovskit. PVs so far was achieved via spin coat.ng,a t.chnique t.at.is popular in research laborat.ries for t.in-film coat.ng over relat.vely small device areas,but.not.considered t. be a met.od t.at.could be used t. scale up t.e manufact.ring of perovskit. *** larger t.in-film areas are needed for fut.re commercial PV ***,some researchers have focused t.eir effort. on perovskit. deposit.on t.chniques t.at.can be considered as scalable for mass product.on and have achieved not.ble result. even on large ***,we present.an overview of t.e solut.on-based and vapor-based deposit.on processes;we explain t.eir influence on t.e molecular cryst.l growt. behavior of perovskit. t.in films and discuss t.e morphology as well as ot.er mat.rial qualit. *** present.ng a comprehensive comparison of t.e deposit.on t.chniques and t.e corresponding performance paramet.rs for different.device sizes,we int.nt.t. guide t.e growing research communit. t.rough t.e met.ods t.at.might.enable mass product.on of perovskit. solar product..

关键词： perovskit. solar cells scalable deposit.on solut.on processing vapor deposit.on

New nanost.uct.red sorbent. for desulfurizat.on of nat.ral gas

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Front.ers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2014年第1期8卷 8-19页

作者： Lifeng WANG Ralph t. YANG Depart.ent.of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor M1 48109 USA

Desulfurizat.on of nat.ral gas is achieved commercially by absorpt.on wit. liquid amine solut.ons. Adsorpt.on t.chnology could pot.nt.ally replace t.e solvent.ext.act.on process, part.cularly for t.e emerging shale gas wells wit. product.on rat.s t.at.are generally lower t.an t.at.from t.e large convent.onal reservoirs, if a superior adsorbent.（sorbent. is developed. In t.is review, we focus our discussion on t.ree t.pes of sorbent.： met.l- oxide based sorbent., Cu/Ag-based and ot.er commercial sorbent., and amine-graft.d silicas. t.e advant.ges and disadvant.ges of each t.pe are analyzed. Possible approaches for fut.re development. t. furt.er improve t.ese sorbent. are suggest.d, part.cularly for t.e most.promising amine-graft.d silicas.

关键词： desulfurizat.on nat.ral gas desulfurizat.on,hydrogen sulfide sorbent amine-silica sorbent

Funct.onal charact.rizat.on of t.e NF-κB t.anscript.on fact.r gene REL2 from Anopheles gambiae

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Insect.Science 2007年第3期14卷 175-184页

作者： NGO t. HOA LIANGBIAO ZHENG Yale Universit. School of Medicine Epidemiology and Public Health 60 College Street New Haven CT 06520 USA

t.e REL2 gene plays an import.nt.role in innat. immunit. against.bot. Gram （＋） and Gram （-） bact.ria and malaria parasit.s in Anopheles gambiae, t.e main vect.r of malaria in Africa. t.rough alt.rnat.ve splicing, REL2 produces t.o prot.in product., REL2F （wit. a Rel-homology domain as well as an inhibit.ry ankyrin repeat.region） and REL2S （wit.out.t.e ankyrin repeat.）. In t.e immune-compet.nt.cell line SualB from An. gambiae, REL2 has been shown t. be a key regulat.r for cecropin A （or CEC1）. t.e high level expression of CEC1 in SualB was post.lat.d t. be t.e result.of const.t.t.ve act.vat.on of REL2F. Here we showed t.at.REL2F is indeed processed, albeit.at.a low level, in t.e SualB cell line. t.e primary cleavage requires residue 678 （an aspart.c acid）. Prot.olyt.c cleavage of REL2F can be enhanced by challenge wit. bact.ria Escherichia coli and Bacillus subt.lis, but.not.wit. fungus Beauveria bassiana. t.e inducible cleavage can be subst.nt.ally reduced by RNA int.rference against.PGRP-LC and CASPL1. Over-expression of REL2S or a const.t.t.vely act.ve form of REL2F （REL2F380C or REL2F678） in An. gambiae cell line can furt.er increase expression of CEC1 and ot.er ant.microbial pept.de genes. Over-expression of t.ese const.t.t.ve act.ve prot.ins in an immune naive cell line, MSQ43, from Anopheles st.phensi, result. in even more dramat.c increased expression of ant.microbial pept.des.

关键词： ant.microbial innat. immunit. malaria mosquit. NF-κB

Est.mat.on of food composit.on of Hodot.rmes mossambicus （Isopt.ra： Hodot.rmit.dae） based on observat.ons and st.ble carbon isot.pe rat.os

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Insect.Science 2011年第2期18卷 175-180页

作者： Craig t. Symes St.phan Woodborne School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Wits Nat.ral Resources and t.e Environment CSIR Pretoria South Africa

t.e diet.of t.e harvest.r t.rmit. Hodot.rmes mossambicus was invest.gat.d at.t.o sit.s wit. dist.nct.diet.ry component.： C4 grasses （δ13 C isot.pe values, -13.8%0 t. -14.0%0） and C3 plant. （δ13C isot.pe values, -25.6%0 t. -27.1%0）. By comparing observat.ons of food it.ms carried int. t.e colony by t.e t.rmit.s and carbon isot.pe rat.os of whole t.rmit.s （t.at.det.rmined assimilat.d carbon）, t.e relat.ve proport.on of t.e C3 and C4 plant.food component. of t.e t.rmit. diet.was est.mat.d. t.ere was agreement.bet.een t.e observat.onal dat. and st.ble carbon isot.pic dat., wit. grass represent.ng approximat.ly 93% of t.e diet.ofH. mossambicus at.t.o st.dy sit.s （urban and rural） on t.e Sout. African highveld. However, when correct.ng for mass of food it.ms, t.at.is, C3 and C4, carried by t.rmit.s, t.e proport.on of grass （C4） in t.e diet.may be underest.mat.d.

关键词： carbon assimilat.on colony harvest.r t.rmit. Suikerbosrand

Viral infect.ons and cell cycle G2/M regulat.on

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Cell Research 2005年第3期15卷 143-149页

作者： richard Y. ZHAO,Robert.t. ELDER Children's Memorial Research Cent.r Nort.west.rn Universit. Feinberg School of Medicine Chicago IL 60614 USA

Progression of cells from G2 phase of t.e cell cycle t. mit.sis is a t.ght.y regulat.d cellular process t.at.requires act.vat.on of t.e Cdc2 kinase, which det.rmines onset.of mit.sis in all eukaryot.c cells. In bot. human and fission yeast.(Schizosaccharomyces pombe) cells, t.e act.vit. of Cdc2 is regulat.d in part.by t.e phosphorylat.on st.t.s of t.rosine 15 (t.r15) on Cdc2, which is phosphorylat.d by Wee1 kinase during lat. G2 and is rapidly dephosphorylat.d by t.e Cdc25 t.rosine phosphat.se t. t.igger ent.y int. mit.sis. t.ese Cdc2 regulat.rs are t.e downst.eam t.rget. of t.o well- charact.rized G2/M checkpoint.pat.ways which prevent.cells from ent.ring mit.sis when cellular DNA is damaged or when DNA replicat.on is inhibit.d. Increasing evidence suggest. t.at.Cdc2 is also commonly t.rget.d by viral prot.ins, which modulat. host.cell cycle machinery t. benefit.viral survival or replicat.on. In t.is review, we describe t.e effect.of viral prot.in R (Vpr) encoded by human immunodeficiency virus t.pe 1 (HIV-1) on cell cycle G2/M regulat.on. Based on our current.knowledge about.t.is viral effect. we hypot.esize t.at.Vpr induces cell cycle G2 arrest.t.rough a mechanism t.at.is t. some ext.nt.different.from t.e classic G2/M checkpoint.. One t.e unique feat.res dist.nguishing Vpr-induced G2 arrest.from t.e classic checkpoint. is t.e role of phosphat.se 2A (PP2A) in Vpr-induced G2 arrest. Int.rest.ngly, PP2A is t.rget.d by a number of ot.er viral prot.ins including SV40 small t.ant.gen, polyomavirus t.ant.gen, Ht.V t.x and adenovirus E4orf4. t.us an in-dept. underst.nding of t.e molecular mechanisms underlying Vpr-induced G2 arrest.will provide addit.onal insight. int. t.e basic biology of cell cycle G2/M regulat.on and int. t.e biological significance of t.is effect.during host.pat.ogen int.ract.ons.

关键词： HIV-1 Vpr cell cycle G2/M regulat.on DNA damage DNA replicat.on checkpoint. viral infect.ons fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

Correlat.ons bet.een IMC t.ickness and t.ree fact.rs in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu alloy syst.m

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2007年第4期17卷 686-690页

作者：孟工戈 t. t.kemot. H. Nishikawa College of Mat.rials Science and Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology Joining and Welding Research Inst.t.t. Osaka UniversityIbalaki Osaka 567-0047 Japan

t.e effect. of Ni cont.nt. soldering t.mperat.re and t.me on t.e IMC t.ickness in Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-3Ag-0.5Cu-0.2Co alloys were researched using uniform design met.od and comput.r programs. For each alloy, t.e fact.rs were divided int. t.ree levels in t.e experiment. t.o correlat.ve equat.ons are given by regression. t.ey indicat. t.at.t.e effect. of t.ree fact.rs on t.e funct.on are in t.e mut.al and quadrat.c forms. And t.e analysis of variance shows t.e equat.ons are sound and meaningful. Using t.e equat.ons, it.is easy t. search, predict.and cont.ol t.e IMC t.ickness. t.e exist.nce of element.Co accelerat.s t.e cryst.llizat.on and growing up of IMC.

关键词：锡银铜合金无铅焊料金属间化合物厚度均匀设计