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GPS tracking of non-breeding ravens reveals the importance of anthropogenic food sources during their dispersal in the Eastern Alps

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 337-344页

作者： Matthias-Claudio LORETTO Richard SCHUSTER Thomas BUGNYAR Department of Cognitive Biology University of Vienna Althanstrasse 14 A-1090 vienna Konrad Lorenz Forschungsstelle Core Facility for Behaviour and Cognition University of Vienna Fischerau 11 A-4645 GrLinau im Almtal Austria CDepartment of Forest and Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia Vancouver B.C. Canada V6T1Z4

In many songbirds, the space use of breeders is well studied but poorly understood for non-breeders. In common ravens, some studies of non-breeders indicate high vagrancy with large individual differences in home range size, whereas others show that up to 40% of marked non-breeders can be regularly observed at the same anthropogenic food source over months to years. The aim of this study was to provide new insights on ravens' behavior during dispersal in the Eastern Alps. We deployed Global Positioning System (GPS) loggers on 10 individuals to gather accurate spatial and temporal information on their movements to quantify: 1) the dimension of the birds' space use (home range size with seasonal effects and daily/long-term travel distances), 2) how long they stayed in a dispersal stage of wandering as opposed to settling temporarily, and 3) their destination of movements. We recorded movements of up to 40 km per hour, more than 160 km within 1 day and more than 11,000 km within 20 months, indicating high vagrancy. Switching frequently between temporarily settling and travelling large distances in short time intervals leads to extensive home ranges, which also explains and combines the different findings in the literature. The destinations are rich anthropogenic food sources, where the birds spent on average 75% of their time. We discuss how ravens may find these "feeding hot spots" and which factors may influence their decision to stay/leave a site. The strong dependence on anthropogenic resources found in this population may have implications for site management and conservation issues.

关键词： Corvus corax common raven dispersal kernel density non-breeder space use

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Referral patterns of children with glaucoma and their caretakers in Northern Tanzania

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第3期13卷 452-457页

作者： Achim Fieβ Furahini Godfrey Alexander K.schuster richard Bowman Heiko Philippin Department of Ophthalmology University Medical Center MainzMainz 55131Germany International Centre for Eye Health Faculty of Infectious&Tropical DiseasesLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondon WC1E 7HTUK Department of Ophthalmology Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreMoshi 3010Tanzania Eye Center Medical CenterFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgKillianstraβe 5Freiburg 79106Germany

AIM:To describe the referral patterns of children with primary childhood glaucoma(PCG)or secondary childhood glaucoma(SCG)and their presenting symptoms in Northern Tanzania.METHODS:A retrospective observational study of children0.48,better eye).Most of the children(60%)and their caretakers presented on their own initiative,while 24%were sent by different general health cadres and 16%by eye care professionals.Buphthalmos was the main symptom mentioned as a trigger for presentation.CONCLUSION:The study shows that most of the children presented late resulting in advanced stages of glaucoma at the time of initiation of treatment.The majority attended the referral eye department on their own initiative with buphthalmos being the most commonly 452described symptom.Awareness creation among caretakers of children,general health and eye care providers,ideally embedded in general child health promotion activities,is needed to increase and accelerate referrals.

关键词： primary childhood glaucoma secondary childhood glaucoma referral Africa

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Multicentre collaborative cohort study of the use of Kirschner wires for the management of supracondylar fractures in children

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第5期22卷 249-254页

作者： Henry Claireaux richard Goodall Joshua Hill Elizabeth Wilson Philippa Coull Sebastian Green James schuster-Bruce Diana Lim Joanna Miles Payam Tarassoli University of Bristol Senate HouseTyndall AveBristolBS8 1THUK Bristol Royal Hospital for Children Maudlin StBristolBS2 8BJUK

Purpose:Supracondylar fractures of the humerus cause significant morbidity in children.Nerve damage and loss of fracture reduction are common recognised complications in patients with this injury.Uncertainty surrounds the optimal Kirschner wire configuration and diameter for closed reduction and pinning of these fractures.This study describes current practice and examined the association between wire configuration or diameter and outcomes(clinical and radiological)in the operative management of paediatric supracondylar fractures.Methods:Children presenting w让h GartlandⅡorⅢsupracondylar fractures at five hospitals in southwest England were eligible for inclusion.Collaborators scrutinised paper and electronic case notes.Outcome measures were maintenance of reduction and iatrogenic nerve injury.Results:Altogether 209 patients were eligible for inclusion:15.7%had a documented neurological deficit at presentation;3.9%who were neurologically intact at presentation sustained a new deficit caused by treatment and 13.4%experienced a clinically significant loss of reduction following fixation.Maintenance of reduction was significantly better in patients treated specifically with crossed×3 Kirschner wire configuration compared to all other configurations.The incidence of iatrogenic nerve injury was not significantly different between groups treated with different wire configurations.Conclusion:We present a large multicentre cohort study showing that crossed×3 Kirschner wires are associated with better maintenance of reduction than crossed×2 or lateral entry wires.Greater numbers would be required to properly investigate nerve injury relating to operative management of supracondylar fractures.We found significant variations in practice and compliance w让h the British Orthopaedic Association Standard for Trauma(BOAST)11 guidelines.

关键词： Fracture fixation Humerus Child Nerve injury Bone wires

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Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use: an implementation framework

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1080-1082页

作者： Harvey Locke Erle C.Ellis Oscar Venter Richard SCHUSTER Keping Ma Xiaoli Shen Stephen Woodley Naomi Kingston Nina Bhola Bernardo B.N.Strassburg Axel Paulsch Brooke Williams James E.M.Watson Beyond the Aichi Targets Task Force IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas and Yellowstone to Yukon Conservation Initiative Department of Geography and Environmental Systems University of Maryland Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute University of Northern British Columbia Department of Biology Carleton University State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas UN Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre UNEP-WCMC

’Nature and its vital contributions to people, which together embody biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services, are deteriorating worldwide’ [1].The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD) is intended to ensure conservation of biodiversity,its wise use, and sharing of benefits from use of genetic resources. Through

关键词： Three global conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use an implementation framework

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Same day yttrium-90 radioembolization with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography: An opportunity to improve care during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2021年第5期13卷 440-452页

作者： Mohammad Elsayed Mohammad Loya James Galt David M schuster Zachary L Bercu Janice Newsome David Brandon Sonia Benenati Keywan Behbahani richard Duszak Ila Sethi Nima Kokabi Division of Interventional Radiology and Image-Guided Medicine Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30322United States Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Department of Radiology and Imaging SciencesEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30322United States

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has made it more challenging for patients to undergo yttrium-90(Y-90)radioembolization(RE).Same day Y-90 RE provides an opportunity to minimize logistical challenges and infection risk associated with COVID-19,thus improving patient access.AIM To describe the use of same day Y-90 RE with routine single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography(SPECT/CT)in order to optimize therapy.METHODS All patients were selected for Y-90 RE through a multidisciplinary tumor board,and were screened and tested for COVID-19 infection per institutional protocol.A same day procedure was developed,consisting of angiography,imaging,and Y-90 resin particle delivery.Routine SPECT/CT after technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin(Tc-99m MAA)administration was performed for assessment of arterial supply,personalized dosimetry,and extrahepatic activity.Post-treatment Y-90 bremsstrahlung SPECT/CT was performed for confirmation of particle delivery,by utilization of energy windowing to limit signal from previously administered Tc-99m MAA particles.RESULTS A total of 14 patients underwent same day Y-90 RE between March and June 2020.Mean lung shunt fraction was 6.13%(range 3.5%-13.1%).Y-90 RE was performed for a single lesion in 7 patients,while the remaining 7 patients had treatment of multifocal lesions.The largest lesion measured 8.3 cm.All patients tolerated the procedure well and were discharged the same day.CONCLUSION Same day Y-90 RE with resin-based microspheres is feasible,and provides an opportunity to mitigate infection risk and logistical challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.We recommend consideration of SPECT/CT,especially among patients with complex malignancies,for the potential to improve outcomes and eligibility of patients to undergo same day Y-90 RE.

关键词： Yttrium-90 radioembolization Same day Selective internal radiotherapy Transarterial radioembolization Single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography Dosimetry COVID-19

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