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Impact of global climate change on the health,welfare and productivity of intensively housed livestock

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2011年第2期4卷 1-22页

作者： Tadeusz Kuczynski Victoria Blanes-Vidal Baoming Li richard s.gates Irenilza de Alencar Nääs Daniella J.Moura Daniel Berckmans Thomas M.Banhazi Department of Environmental Engineering University of Zielona GoraZ.Szafrana 1Zielona Gora Poland Faculty of Engineering.University of southern Denmark Niels Bohrs Alle 15230OdenseDenmark Department of Agricultural structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China Agricultural and Biological Engineering 1304 West Pennsylvania AveUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana IL 61801USA Agricultural Engineering College State University of CampinasCampinasSão PauloBrazil M3-BIOREs Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenKasteelpark Arenberg 30Leuven Belgium National Centre for Engineering in Agriculture University of Southern QueenslandWest StToowoombaQLD 4350Australia

Major scientific studies have shown that global warming(i.***.increasing average temperature of the Earth)is now a reality.The aims of this paper are to broadly review the underlining causes of global warming,the general effects of global warming on social and environmental systems and the specific effects of resulting from global warming phenomena severe fluctuations in weather patterns,particularly heat waves on livestock health,welfare and productivity.Finally this article aims to summarise some common sense climate control methods and more importantly to highlight the required future research and development(R&D)work that is necessary to achieve a new level of building environment control capability,and thus ensure that the intensive livestock industries will be able to cope with the changed external climate.With the increasing temperatures on a global scale,the most direct effect of the high temperature on the animals is heat stress,which has been proven to have a variety of negative effects on animal health,welfare and productivity.Different potential measures could be taken in future to alleviate the increased heat stress.some of these measures are mere adaptations or improvements of current engineering solutions.However,facing the complex challenges of global warming and particularly resulting from it the rapid increase of the number of consecutive days with significantly higher than average temperatures will probably require novel solutions,including new designs based on solid engineering judgment,development of new engineering standards and codes to guide designs,the exploration of new and superior building materials,the need for better energy management,and the development of substantially more“intelligent”control systems that will balance changing exterior disturbances,interior building loads and demands to the biological needs of the occupants of the structures.

关键词： livestock global climate change greenhouse effect animal welfare heat stress temperature cooling agricultural buildings

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Evaluation of ventilation performance and energy efficiency of greenhouse fans

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2015年第1期8卷 103-110页

作者： Zhang Zhi richard s.gates Zou Zhirong Hu Xiaohui College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign61801USA College of Horticulture Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

In order to investigate fan performance in fan-ventilated greenhouses(Urbana,UsA),the effects of guard screen and loose belts on fan ventilation airflow and power consumption in greenhouse operations were examined with four belt-driven fans as trial subjects.The Fans Assessment Numeration system was used to measure the airflow rate.Temperature,relative humidity and power consumption were also monitored.Results show there were significant differences in the airflow rate between the fans with a cleaned and uncleaned guard screen(Psumption also differed significantly even with the same cooling effect in greenhouse.When fan belts were adjusted to the proper tension,the fan speed and airflow rate were 13.1% and 30.1% higher than those of original belts,respectively.The daily average power consumption for the fan with the original loose belts was 20.4% higher than that with the adjusted belts when the pad was not working and 24.2% higher with pad working.The ventilation performance of fans with identical specifications showed a variation by up to 13.0% in terms of the ventilating efficiency ratio.These results demonstrated that fans should be cleaned routinely,and belt tension should be checked to ensure that fan performance meets specifications.This can reduce the power consumption in greenhouses for environmental control.Moreover,reordering fan staging,so that the most efficient fans are used in areas of greatest demand,can also reduce ventilation energy costs.

关键词： greenhouse fan performance airflow rate power consumption efficiency ratio

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Liver transplantation as an alternative for the treatment of non-resectable liver colorectal cancer: Advancing the therapeutic algorithm

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第2期23卷 154-159页

作者： Badi Rawashdeh richard Bell Abdul Hakeem Raj Prasad Division of Transplant surgery Department of General SurgeryMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI53226USA Leeds Teaching Hospital LeedsUK

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancerrelated mortality,with nearly half of the affected patients developing liver metastases.For three decades,liver resection(LR)has been the primary curative strategy,yet its applicability is limited to about 20%of cases.Liver transplantation(LT)for unresectable metastases was attempted unsuccessfully in the 1990s,with high rates of perioperative death and recurrence.There is now more interest in this strategy due to improvements in systemic therapies and surgical techniques.A significant study conducted by the Oslo group showed that patients receiving liver transplants had a 60%chance of survival after five years.significantly better results have been achieved by using advanced imaging for risk stratification and further refining selection criteria,especially in the Norvegian sECA trials.This review carefully charts the development and history of LT as a treatment option for colorectal cancer liver metastases.The revolutionary path from the early days of exploratory surgery to the current situation of cautious optimism is traced,highlighting the critical clinical developments and improved patient selection standards that have made LT a potentially curative treatment for such challenging very well selected cases.

关键词： Liver transplantation Colorectal cancer liver metastases Non-resectable liver metastases

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Genetic pathways in cerebral palsy:a review of the implications for precision diagnosis and understanding disease mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1499-1508页

作者： Yiran Xu Yifei Li seidu A.richard Yanyan sun Changlian Zhu Henan Key Laboratory of Child Brain Injury and Henan Pediatric Clinical Research Center Institute of Neuroscience and The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina National Health Council(NHC)Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention Henan Key Laboratory of Population Defects PreventionZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina Department of Human Anatomy School of Basic Medicine and Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden

Ce rebral palsy is a diagnostic term utilized to describe a group of permanent disorders affecting movement and posture.Patients with cerebral palsy are often only capable of limited activity,resulting from non-progressive disturbances in the fetal or neonatal brain.These disturbances severely impact the child’s daily life and impose a substantial economic burden on the family.Although cerebral palsy encompasses various brain injuries leading to similar clinical outcomes,the unde rstanding of its etiological pathways remains incomplete owing to its complexity and heterogeneity.This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the genetic factors influencing cerebral palsy development.It is now widely acknowledged that genetic mutations and alterations play a pivotal role in cerebral palsy development,which can be further influenced by environmental fa ctors.Des pite continuous research endeavors,the underlying fa ctors contributing to cerebral palsy remain are still elusive.However,significant progress has been made in genetic research that has markedly enhanced our comprehension of the genetic factors underlying cerebral palsy development.Moreove r,these genetic factors have been categorized based on the identified gene mutations in patients through clinical genotyping,including thrombosis,angiogenesis,mitochondrial and oxidative phosphorylation function,neuronal migration,and cellular autophagy.Furthermore,exploring targeted genotypes holds potential for precision treatment.In conclusion,advancements in genetic research have substantially improved our understanding of the genetic causes underlying cerebral palsy.These breakthroughs have the potential to pave the way for new treatments and therapies,consequently shaping the future of cerebral palsy research and its clinical management.The investigation of cerebral palsy genetics holds the potential to significantly advance treatments and management strategies.By elucidating the underlying cellular mechanisms,we can develop to rgeted interventions to optimiz

关键词： cerebral palsy environmental factors etiology genetic factors genetic mutation movement disorder spastic diplegia

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混凝土自复位墙结构地震全过程损伤分析

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建筑结构学报 2024年第2期45卷 189-204页

作者：鲁懿虬 HENRY richard s 周颖 RODGERs Geoffrey W 杨群顾安琪同济大学土木工程学院上海200092 奥克兰大学土木与环境系新西兰奥克兰1010 坎特伯雷大学土木与自然资源工程系新西兰基督城8140

后张法预应力混凝土自复位墙是一种有效的可恢复功能结构。虽然自复位墙自身在地震中损伤较小,但其与周边构件的变形不协调可使结构损伤严重。为控制结构层面的损伤,设计了1个框架-自复位墙结构,对自复位墙底、梁柱节点、墙梁节点、墙-... 详细信息

后张法预应力混凝土自复位墙是一种有效的可恢复功能结构。虽然自复位墙自身在地震中损伤较小,但其与周边构件的变形不协调可使结构损伤严重。为控制结构层面的损伤,设计了1个框架-自复位墙结构,对自复位墙底、梁柱节点、墙梁节点、墙-基础连接、柱-基础连接以及墙-板连接开展损伤控制设计,并对设计的结构进行足尺振动台试验。结构共经历了39次不同设计工况下不同烈度的地震激励,峰值加速度最大达1.0g,位移角最大达3.3%。对结构在历次地震作用下整体、局部构件和节点的损伤发展进行全过程定量分析,结果表明:自复位墙-开槽梁结构在地震作用下的损伤能够得到有效控制,其中多遇、设防地震作用下结构基本无损伤,罕遇地震作用下墙底损伤仅限角部剥落且面积仅为400 cm2,楼板有开裂且裂缝最大仅为1.2 mm,梁端剥落可忽略;自复位墙-开槽梁结构可使整个结构在不同设计位移角下实现多遇、设防地震不坏,罕遇地震小修甚至不修的抗震性能目标;设计的连接方式解决了结构中构件之间的变形不协调问题,提高了自复位墙结构层面的可修复性。

关键词：自复位墙开槽梁墙板连接振动台试验结构损伤

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Using clinical cases to guide healthcare

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第9期12卷 1555-1559页

作者： Michael Colwill samantha Baillie richard Pollok Andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

Evidence-based practice(EBP)has been the gold standard in healthcare for nearly three centuries and aims to assist physicians in providing the safest and most effective healthcare for their patients.The well-established hierarchy of evidence lists systematic reviews and meta-analyses at the top however these methodologies are not always appropriate or possible and in these instances case-control studies,case series and case reports are utilised to support EBP.Case-control studies allow simultaneous study of multiple risk factors and can be performed rapidly and relatively cheaply.A recent example was during the Coronavirus pandemic where case-control studies were used to assess the efficacy of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers.Case series and case reports also play a role in EBP and are particularly useful to study rare diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease in transgender and gender non-conforming individuals.They are also vital in generating and disseminating early signals and encouraging further research.Whilst these methodologies have weaknesses,particularly with regards to bias and loss of patient confidentiality for rare pathologies,they have an important part to play in EBP and when appropriately utilised can significantly impact upon clinical practice.

关键词： Evidence based medicine Hierarchy of evidence Case reports Case series

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Autolysosomal acidification impairment as a mediator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1869-1870页

作者： Evridiki Asimakidou richard Reynolds Anna M.Barron Chih Hung Lo Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Brain sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK Lee Kong Chian school of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Neuronal necroptosis-an emerging form of regulated cell death associated with neuroinflammatory signaling:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as well as progressive neuronal loss.Recent evidence has suggested that prolonged neuroinflammation with increased levels of cytokines,arising from neuronal injury,innate immune responses from glial cells,and peripheral inflammation,leads to neuronal death and AD progression.

关键词： Alzheimer death tau Aβ

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基于FANs的温室风机通风性能测试

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农业机械学报 2014年第11期45卷 311-316页

作者：张智 steven E Ford richard s.gates 邹志荣西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院陕西杨凌712100 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校农业生物工程系厄巴纳6180l 西北农林科技大学园艺学院陕西杨凌712100

试验采用Fansassessmentnumerationsystem（FANs）为现场监测系统，利用位置上下移动持续运行的螺旋桨风速计和静压传感器对风机通风性能进行测试。试验共测定3个玻璃温室内3种类型共9个排风风机在不同工况下静压5．O～61．5Pa范围内的... 详细信息

试验采用Fansassessmentnumerationsystem（FANs）为现场监测系统，利用位置上下移动持续运行的螺旋桨风速计和静压传感器对风机通风性能进行测试。试验共测定3个玻璃温室内3种类型共9个排风风机在不同工况下静压5．O～61．5Pa范围内的通风量和能源消耗。结果显示，风机防护网的存在及清洁状况对通风量的影响低于5％；塑料百叶窗风机比相同配置的铝制百叶窗风机通风量和能效分别平均高13．1％、15．1％；参数完全相同的风机能效差异最高达12．7％；胶带驱动的风机转速减少16．1％时通风量平均降低38．7％；温室内静压超过30Pa时风机能耗显著增加。

关键词：温室风机性能 FANs 通风量能效

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Are there sex-based disparities in cataract surgery?

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第1期17卷 137-143页

作者： Matthew D.Geiger Anne M.Lynch Alan G.Palestine Nathan C.Grove Karen L.Christopher richard s.Davidson Michael J.Taravella Naresh Mandava Jennifer L.Patnaik Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO 80045USA

AIM:To investigate sex-based differences in the occurrence of intra-operative and post-operative complications and associated visual outcomes following cataract surgery.METHODs:This was a retrospective study of patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery at the University of Colorado school of Medicine.Data collected included the patient’s health history,ocular comorbidities,operative and post-operative complications,and the post-operative best corrected visual acuity(BCVA).The data were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to account for the correlation of some patients having two eyes included in the study.REsULTs:A total of 11977 eyes from 7253 patients were included in the study.Ocular comorbidities differed by sex,with males having significantly higher percentages of traumatic cataracts(males 0.7%vs females 0.1%),prior ocular surgery(6.7%vs 5.5%),and mature cataracts(2.8%vs 1.9%).Conversely,females had significantly higher rates of pseudoexfoliation(2.0%vs 3.2%).In unadjusted analysis,males had higher rates of posterior capsular rupture(0.8%vs 0.4%)and vitreous loss(1.0%vs 0.6%),but this difference was not significant after adjustment for confounders.Males had a significantly increased risk of post-operative retinal detachment,but in multivariable analysis this was no longer significant.Males were significantly less likely to undergo post-operative neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet(Nd:YAG)laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification(OR=0.8,95%CI=0.7-0.9,P=0.0005).The BCVA was slightly worse for males pre-operatively;but post-operatively,both sexes exhibited similar visual acuity of snellen equivalent 20/25.CONCLUsION:The study finds that in a cohort of patients presenting for cataract surgery,sex differences exist in pre-operative comorbidities and surgical characteristics that contribute to higher rates of some complications for males.However,observed surgical complication rates exhibit almost no difference by sex afte

关键词： cataract surgery sex-based disparity phacoemulsification outcomes

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Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos M.Kanczler stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings Marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of Medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK school of Pharmacy and Biomedical science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK school of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-science(CLN2s) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal repair.However,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering alternative.The use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor tissueregeneration.Thus,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-ECM)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBMsCs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic lineage.In this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-ECM(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based deposition.The inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBMsCs viability upon printing.The composite of human bone-ECM-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAM)model.The inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BMP-2)with the HBMsCs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven days.This study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-ECM)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

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