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Research surveys and their evolution:Past,current and future uses in healthcare

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第4期14卷 91-95页

作者： Michael Colwill richard Pollok Andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

Research surveys are believed to have originated in antiquity with evidence of them being performed in ancient Egypt and *** the past century,their use has grown significantly and they are now one of the most frequently employed research methods including in the field of *** validation techniques and processes have allowed researchers to broaden the scope of qualitative data they can gather through these surveys such as an individual’s views on service quality to nationwide surveys that are undertaken regularly to follow healthcare *** article focuses on the evolution and current utility of research surveys,different methodologies employed in their creation,the advantages and disadvantages of different forms and their future use in healthcare *** also review the role artificial intelligence and the importance of increased patient participation in the development of these surveys in order to obtain more accurate and clinically relevant data.

关键词： Research surveys Methodology sampling Artificial intelligence

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司法政策的制定与法律的独特功能

民间法

民间法 2023年第1期 456-473页

作者： [美]理查德·s.凯黄玉媛(译) 康涅狄格大学法学院中南大学法学院

所有的法律都由政策转化而来,法律的每一次适用都是对政策的执行。公法案件和私法案件的裁判以明确的法律规则为基础,因而是对蕴含于这些规则之中的政策的执行。在私法案件裁判中,如果法律没有预先排除,法官则可以推翻或修改既有法律规... 详细信息

所有的法律都由政策转化而来,法律的每一次适用都是对政策的执行。公法案件和私法案件的裁判以明确的法律规则为基础,因而是对蕴含于这些规则之中的政策的执行。在私法案件裁判中,如果法律没有预先排除,法官则可以推翻或修改既有法律规则,制定并执行自己的政策,但在公法案件裁判中,由法官制定政策更具争议。一方面,公法几乎都是成文法,法官拥有一定的自由裁量权,可以通过解释法律规则来执行自己所制定的政策,对政府行为的正当性进行司法审查;另一方面,在英国等普通法法系国家,虽然普通法日渐衰落,但班库尔特案仍有力地证明了在宪法范围内,法院可以独立制定并执行公共政策。不过,由法官在公法裁判案件中制定政策破坏了法治的基本价值,舍弃了法律和法律机构对集体福祉的唯一独特贡献——促进社会的确定性和可预测性,因此,应对其保持更为谨慎的态度。

关键词：法律政策制定与适用公法裁判确定性可预测性

Low-temperature catalytic methane deep oxidation over sol-gel derived mesoporous hausmannite (Mn_(3)O_(4)) spherical particles

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ChemPhysMater

ChemPhysMater 2024年第3期3卷 329-340页

作者： Patrick Ndouka Ndouka stephane Kenmoe Jacques richard Mache Elie Acayanka Dick Hartmann Douma Ralph Gebauer Patrick Mountapmbeme Kouotou Department of Chemistry Faculty of SciencesUniversity of MarouaP.O.Box 814 MarouaCameroon Department of Theoretical Chemistry University of Duisburg-EssenD-45141 EssenGermany Department of Mining Engineering School of Geology and Mining EngineeringUniversity of NgaoundéréP.O.Box 115 MeigangaCameroon Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of YaoundéIP.O.Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Groupe de simulations Numériques en Magnétisme et Catalyse Facultédes Sciences et TechniquesUniversitéMarien NgouabiB.P.69 BrazzavilleCongo The Abdus salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) 34151 TriesteItaly National Advanced school of Engineering of Maroua University of MarouaP.O.Box 46 MarouaCameroon Higher Institute of Agriculture WoodWater and EnvironmentUniversity of EbolowaP.O.Box 118 EbolowaCameroon

In this study,Mn_(3)O_(4) spherical particles(sPs)were synthesized by the sol-gel process,after which they were thermally annealed at 400℃,and comprehensively characterized.X-ray Diffraction(XRD)revealed that Mn_(3)O_(4) exhibited a tetragonal spinel structure,and Fourier transformed infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy identified surfaceadsorbed functional *** electron microscopy(sEM)and the specific surface area analyses by Brunauer−Emmett−Teller(BET)revealed a porous,homogeneous surface composed of strongly agglomerated spherical grains with an estimated average particle size of∼35 nm,which corresponded to a large specific surface area of∼81.5 m^(2)/g.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs)analysis indicated that Mn_(3)O_(4) was composed of metallic cations(Mn^(4+),Mn_(3)+,and Mn^(2+))and oxygen species(O_(2)−,OH−and CO_(3)2−).The optical bandgap energy is∼2.55 *** of the catalytic performance of the Mn_(3)O_(4) sPs indicated T90 conversion of CH4 to CO_(2) and H2O at 398℃ for gas hourly space velocity(GHsV)of 72000 mL^(3) g^(−1) h^(−1).This observed performance can be attributed to the cooperative effects of the smallest spherical grain size with a mesoporous structure,which is responsible for the larger specific surface area and available surface-active oxygenated *** cooperative effect of the good reducibility,higher ratio of active species(OLat/OAds),and results of density functional theory(DFT)calculations suggested that the total oxidation of CH4 over the mesoporous Mn_(3)O_(4) sPs might take place via a two-term process in which both the Langmuir−Hinshelwood and Mars−van Krevelen mechanisms are cooperatively involved.

关键词： sol-gel Manganese oxide Catalytic oxidation Methane Langmuir−Hinshelwood mechanism Mars−van Krevelen route Two−term process

A Green, One-Pot Route to the Biphenyldicarboxylic Acids: Useful Intermediates in Polymer synthesis

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2013年第2期3卷 143-147页

作者： richard s. Clary Christopher D. Lee William G. Monroe IV David A. Vaughn Ragy T. Ragheb Jack W. Erter III David M. Brown David A. schiraldi Department of Chemistry Davidson College Davidson NC USA Department of Macromolecular science & Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH USA

Isomeric biphenyldicarboxylic acids have been prepared from halobenzoic acids and aryl boronic acids using an inverse biphasic modification of the suzuki coupling reaction. In this modification of the suzuki coupling reaction, both reactants and products are contained in the aqueous phase, with palladium catalyst contained in the organic phase. A phase transfer catalyst is used to contact reactants and catalyst. Multiple cycles, in which the catalyst/organic solvent is contacted with fresh aqueous reactants, generating products with no loss of efficiency, are demonstrated. We believe that this is the first demonstration of suzuki coupling to produce biphenyldicarboxylic acids, in this case useful as monomers for the production of condensation polymers.

关键词： Biphenyl Carboxylic Acid suzuki

Biobanks and biomarkers:Their current and future role in biomedical research

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第4期14卷 77-83页

作者： Michael Colwill samantha Baillie richard Pollok Andrew Poullis Department of Gastroenterology St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon SW170QTUnited Kingdom

The importance and utility of biobanks has increased exponentially since their inception and *** used as part of translational research,they now contribute over 40%of data for all cancer research papers in the United states of America and play a crucial role in all aspects of *** classification systems exist but a simplified approach is to either classify as population-based or disease-oriented *** historically publicly funded institutions,there has been a significant increase in industry funded entities across the world which has changed the dynamic of biobanks offering new possibilities but also new *** face legal questions over data sharing and intellectual property as well as ethical and sustainability questions particularly as the world attempts to move to a low-carbon *** collaboration is required to address some of these challenges but this in itself is fraught with complexity and *** review will examine the current utility of biobanks in the modern healthcare setting as well as the current and future challenges these vital institutions face.

关键词： Biobanks Biomarkers Biomedical research Research methodology Research ethics

八年制器官-系统整合临床课程教学效果阶段性分析

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医学教育研究与实践 2016年第6期24卷 866-869页

作者：冯萌马清涌张亚莉柏宏亮 richard s.Bae 吴春丽西安交通大学第一附属医院骨科陕西西安710061 西安交通大学第一附属医院肝胆外科陕西西安710061 西安交通大学第一附属医院临床技能实验中心陕西西安710061

目的总结临床医学八年制器官-系统整合课程教学中的教学方法的运用情况及教学效果。方法纳入133名采取传统授课模式的五年制以及使用整合课程OsBC教改的62名八年制学生,通过对内科学、外科学、妇产科学毕业综合考核学习成绩的评估,评价... 详细信息

目的总结临床医学八年制器官-系统整合课程教学中的教学方法的运用情况及教学效果。方法纳入133名采取传统授课模式的五年制以及使用整合课程OsBC教改的62名八年制学生,通过对内科学、外科学、妇产科学毕业综合考核学习成绩的评估,评价整合课程的教学效果。结果内科学、妇产科学毕业考评成绩,整合课程教学效果优于传统教学方式(P<0.05),但外科学整合效果相对劣于传统教学方法(P<0.01)。结论器官-系统整合课程在培养八年制学生创造性思维、发挥学生主观能动性、激发科研能力取得较好成果,尤其在内科学和妇产科学教学中取得明显效果,在外科学教学中有待进一步发挥其积极作用。

关键词：器官-系统整合课程临床医学八年制教学效果

Chemical Determination of Base status Metals in soil sediments and Particulate Matter in Wellington Industrial Estate Location

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Open Journal of Applied sciences 2024年第5期14卷 1338-1352页

作者： richard Tamba simbo Jerry Yeke Paye Fayia Francis Nyuma Department of Chemistry School of Basic Sciences Njala University Freetown Sierra Leone Department of science and Mathematics College of Arts and Sciences William V.S. Tubman University Harper Liberia Department of Fisheries and science Thomas J.R Faulkner College of Science and Technology University of Liberia Monrovia Liberia

This research study explored the levels of base status metals in soil sediments and particulate matter in the wellington industrial estate location;the main objectives were to: 1) determine sodium and potassium, 2) determine calcium and magnesium, 3) determine available iron. The following hypotheses were put forward;Hsub>0sub>sub>asub>: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels between Ca and Mg in the study area, Hsub>1sub>sub>asub>: there is significant difference in the concentration levels between Ca and Mg in the study area, Hsub>0sub>sub>bsub>: there is no significant difference in the concentration levels between Na and K in the study area, Hsub>1sub>sub>bsub>: there is significant difference in the concentration levels between Na and K in the study area. six locations were used to collect samples with the aid of scoop and gravel free auger (at varying depths of 0 - 5 cm and 5 - 10 cm) which are Wellington Industrial Estate Area 1 (WIEL 1), (WIEL 2), (WIEL 3), (WIEL 4), (WIEL 5), (WIEL 6);the samples were given laboratory treatment. Flame photometer, EDTA, and spectrophotometer were used in the determinations of sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium, and available iron respectively. The results indicated that levels of potassium were in medium range (moderately high);sodium levels were generally low when compared to Brook’s classification table. Levels of calcium were generally low and those of magnesium were moderate based on Brook’s table of classification. Levels of available iron which fall within the range of Quijano-Guerta (2003) were high;this implies such levels can lead to toxicity. In all locations, there was decrease in the levels of each metal in the samples with (5 - 10 cm) depth.

关键词： Deposition Environment Particulate sediment Toxicity

Advancing Type II Diabetes Predictions with a Hybrid LsTM-XGBoost Approach

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2024年第2期12卷 163-188页

作者： Ayoub Djama Waberi Ronald Waweru Mwangi richard Maina Rimiru Department of Mathematics Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI) Nairobi Kenya Department of Computing Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya school of Computing and Information Technology (sCIT) Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya

In this paper, we explore the ability of a hybrid model integrating Long short-Term Memory (LsTM) networks and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to enhance the prediction accuracy of Type II Diabetes Mellitus, which is caused by a combination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Utilizing comprehensive datasets from the Women in Data science (WiDs) Datathon for the years 2020 and 2021, which provide a wide range of patient information required for reliable prediction. The research employs a novel approach by combining LsTM’s ability to analyze sequential data with XGBoost’s strength in handling structured datasets. To prepare this data for analysis, the methodology includes preparing it and implementing the hybrid model. The LsTM model, which excels at processing sequential data, detects temporal patterns and trends in patient history, while XGBoost, known for its classification effectiveness, converts these patterns into predictive insights. Our results demonstrate that the LsTM-XGBoost model can operate effectively with a prediction accuracy achieving 0.99. This study not only shows the usefulness of the hybrid LsTM-XGBoost model in predicting diabetes but it also provides the path for future research. This progress in machine learning applications represents a significant step forward in healthcare, with the potential to alter the treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes and lead to better patient outcomes.

关键词： LsTM XGBoost Hybrid Models Machine Learning. Deep Learning

Advancing Malaria Prediction in Uganda through AI and Geospatial Analysis Models

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Journal of Geographic Information system 2024年第2期16卷 115-135页

作者： Maria Assumpta Komugabe richard Caballero Itamar shabtai simon Peter Musinguzi Center for Information systems & Technology Claremont Graduate University Claremont California USA Department of Information Technology Faculty of Business and ICT University of Kisubi Entebbe Uganda Faculty of Health sciences University of Kisubi Entebbe Uganda Department of Agriculture Production Faculty of Agriculture Kyambogo University Kyambogo Uganda Department of Agriculture and Natural sciences Faculty of Agriculture Uganda Martyrs University Kampala Uganda

The resurgence of locally acquired malaria cases in the UsA and the persistent global challenge of malaria transmission highlight the urgent need for research to prevent this disease. Despite significant eradication efforts, malaria remains a serious threat, particularly in regions like Africa. This study explores how integrating Gregor’s Type IV theory with Geographic Information systems (GIs) improves our understanding of disease dynamics, especially Malaria transmission patterns in Uganda. By combining data-driven algorithms, artificial intelligence, and geospatial analysis, the research aims to determine the most reliable predictors of Malaria incident rates and assess the impact of different factors on transmission. Using diverse predictive modeling techniques including Linear Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor, Neural Network, and Random Forest, the study found that;Random Forest model outperformed the others, demonstrating superior predictive accuracy with an Rsup>2sup> of approximately 0.88 and a Mean squared Error (MsE) of 0.0534, Antimalarial treatment was identified as the most influential factor, with mosquito net access associated with a significant reduction in incident rates, while higher temperatures correlated with increased rates. Our study concluded that the Random Forest model was effective in predicting malaria incident rates in Uganda and highlighted the significance of climate factors and preventive measures such as mosquito nets and antimalarial drugs. We recommended that districts with malaria hotspots lacking Indoor Residual spraying (IRs) coverage prioritize its implementation to mitigate incident rates, while those with high malaria rates in 2020 require immediate attention. By advocating for the use of appropriate predictive models, our research emphasized the importance of evidence-based decision-making in malaria control strategies, aiming to reduce transmission rates and save lives.

关键词： Malaria Predictive Modeling Geospatial Analysis Climate Factors Preventive Measures