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Promoting axon regeneration in the central nervous system by increasing PI3-kinase signaling

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第6期17卷 1172-1182页

作者： Bart Nieuwenhuis richard Eva John van Geest Center for Brain Repair Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK

much research has focused on the PI3-kinase and PTEN signaling pathway with the aim to stimulate repair of the injured central nervous *** in the central nervous system fail to regenerate,meaning that injuries or diseases that cause loss of axonal connectivity have life-changing *** 2008,genetic deletion of PTEN was identified as a means of stimulating robust regeneration in the optic *** is a phosphatase that opposes the actions of PI3-kinase,a family of enzymes that function to generate the membrane phospholipid PIP_(3) from PIP_(2)(phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)-trisphosphate from phosphatidylinositol(4,5)-bisphosphate).Deletion of PTEN therefore allows elevated signaling downstream of PI3-kinase,and was initially demonstrated to promote axon regeneration by signaling through *** recently,additional mechanisms have been identified that contribute to the neuron-intrinsic control of regenerative *** review describes neuronal signaling pathways downstream of PI3-kinase and PIP3,and considers them in relation to both developmental and regenerative axon *** briefly discuss the key neuron-intrinsic mechanisms that govern regenerative ability,and describe how these are affected by signaling through *** highlight the recent finding of a developmental decline in the generation of PIP_(3) as a key reason for regenerative failure,and summarize the studies that target an increase in signaling downstream of PI3-kinase to facilitate regeneration in the adult central nervous ***,we discuss obstacles that remain to be overcome in order to generate a robust strategy for repairing the injured central nervous system through manipulation of PI3-kinase signaling.

关键词： axon cytoskeleton axon regeneration axon transport cell signaling central nervous system growth cone neuroprotection PI3-kinase PI3K PTEN trafficking transcription translation

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A physics informed bayesian optimization approach for material design: application to NiTi shape memory alloys

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npj Computational materials 2023年第1期9卷 85-95页

作者： Danial Khatamsaz Raymond Neuberger Arunabha m.Roy Sina Hossein Zadeh richard Otis Raymundo Arróyave materials Science and Engineering Department Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Engineering and Science Directorate Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA mechanical Engineering Department Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Industrial&Systems Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

The design of materials and identification of optimal processing parameters constitute a complex and challenging task,necessitating efficient utilization of available *** Optimization(BO)has gained popularity in materials design due to its ability to work with minimal ***,many BO-based frameworks predominantly rely on statistical information,in the form of input-output data,and assume black-box objective *** practice,designers often possess knowledge of the underlying physical laws governing a material system,rendering the objective function not entirely black-box,as some information is partially *** this study,we propose a physics-informed BO approach that integrates physics-infused kernels to effectively leverage both statistical and physical information in the decision-making *** demonstrate that this method significantly improves decision-making efficiency and enables more data-efficient *** applicability of this approach is showcased through the design of NiTi shape memory alloys,where the optimal processing parameters are identified to maximize the transformation temperature.

关键词： alloys shape approach

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Every breath you take:assessing metabolic costs of toxin resistance in garter snakes(Thamnophis)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第4期17卷 567-580页

作者： Haley A.mONIZ molly A.richard C.m.GIENGER Chris R.FELDmAN Department of Biology University of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA Program in Ecology Evolution and Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA Department of Biology and Center of Excellence for Field Biology Austin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTennesseeUSA

Trait specialization often comes at the expense of original trait function,potentially causing evolutionary tradeoffs that may render specialist populations vulnerable to ***,many specialized adaptations evolve repeatedly,suggesting selection favors specialization in specific *** garter snake(Thamnophis)populations possess specialized mutations in voltage-gated sodium channels that allow them to consume Pacific newts(Taricha)defended by a highly potent neurotoxin(tetrodotoxin).These mutations,however,also decrease protein and muscle function,suggesting garter snakes may suffer evolutionary *** measured a key physiological process,standard metabolic rate(SmR),to investigate whether specialized adaptations in toxin-resistant garter snakes affect baseline energy *** snakes,skeletal muscles influence metabolism and power ventilation,so inefficiencies of sodium channels in these muscles might impact whole-animal energy ***,because sodium channels are membrane-bound proteins,inefficiencies of channel kinetics and performance might be exacerbated at suboptimal *** measured SmR in 2 species,Thamnophis atratus and Thamnophis sirtalis,that independently evolved tetrodotoxin resistance through unique mutations,providing replicate experiments with distinct underlying genetics and potential physiological *** our expectations,neither resistance phenotype nor sodium channel genotype affected metabolism and resistant snakes did not perform worse under suboptimal body ***,*** and *** show nearly identical rates of mass-adjusted energy expenditure at both temperatures,despite differing eco-morphologies,life histories,and distant phylogenetic *** findings suggest SmR may be a conserved feature of Thamnophis,and that any organismal tradeoffs may be compensated to retain whole-animal function.

关键词： adaptation standard metabolic rate tetrodotoxin toxin-resistance tradeoff

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Bioactives and extracts affect the physico-chemical properties of concentrated whey protein isolate dispersions

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 25-40页

作者： mackenzie m.Hansen richard W.Hartel YrjöH.Roos Food Technology School of Food and Nutritional SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland Department of Food Science College of Agricultural and Life SciencesUniversity of WisconsinOffice A11Babcock Hall1605 Linden DriveMadisonWI53706USA

Non-covalent complexation interactions are known to occur between bioactive compounds and proteins. While formulating with these components can have positive outcomes such as stabilization of colors and actives, it can also result in changes to the structures and physical properties of proteins, affecting product functionality and sensory attributes. Previous experiments reported measurable changes in the physico-chemical properties of whey protein isolate (WPI) dispersions upon formulation with Aronia berry extract, ascribing changes to protein-polyphenol (PP) interactions in the systems. Pure gallotannin, beet extract, and cranberry extract, providing a diverse variety structures and sizes, were selected for further experimentation and comparison with the effects of Aronia extract. Concentrated dispersions with varying WPI:sucrose ratios, formulated with several bioactives contents from multiple different sources were analyzed to identify the effects of different bioactives on physico-chemical properties of dispersions. Dispersions formulated with cranberry extract demonstrated the largest increases in surface tensions, viscosities, and particle sizes, while those formulated with beet extract were the least affected by the presence of bioactives, suggesting that different bioactives and extracts had varying propensities for complexation interactions with WPI, despite their relatively low levels of addition (0, 0.5, and 1%).

关键词： Whey protein Concentrated dispersions Polyphenols Extracts Physico-chemical properties

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Persistent X-ray-activated phosphors:mechanisms and applications

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第6期11卷 1008-1010页

作者： Cyrille richard Bruno Viana UniversitéParis Cité CNRSINSERMUTCBSUnitéde Technologies Chimiques et Biologiques pour la SantéFacultéde Pharmacie75006 ParisFrance IRCP CNRS UMR8247PSL UniversityChimie ParisTech11 Rue P&M Curie75005 ParisFrance

Trivalent lanthanides in wide bandgap fluoride or phosphate hosts can present persistent luminescence between 200 nm and 1.7 μm after charging by *** are reviewed and applications envisioned.

关键词： lanthanide fluoride luminescence

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加利福尼亚中部边缘在板块运动方式转换期间向太平洋板块边界上的逆冲作用

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国外火山地质 1994年第2期 6-11页

作者： Benjamin m.page 徐鹏山

大角度的地震反射和折射数据,填绘的地质构造和海腻磁异常部证实,从莫鲁海湾向北远至旧金山的加利福尼亚海岸边缘下覆有大洋地壳。笔者认为这个大洋板片的存在至少部分是在上新世到第四纪期间,即主要俯冲方式结束之后,北美逆冲到太平洋... 详细信息

大角度的地震反射和折射数据,填绘的地质构造和海腻磁异常部证实,从莫鲁海湾向北远至旧金山的加利福尼亚海岸边缘下覆有大洋地壳。笔者认为这个大洋板片的存在至少部分是在上新世到第四纪期间,即主要俯冲方式结束之后,北美逆冲到太平洋扳块上的结果。逆冲的最可能的原因是在约3.5ma时板块运动的变化和盆岭区的扩张。

关键词：逆冲作用板块边界板块边缘板块运动地球动力学大陆边缘大洋边缘加利福尼亚美国太平洋大洋

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Relativistic domain-wall dynamics in van der Waals antiferromagnet mnPS_(3)

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 27-35页

作者： Ignacio m.Alliati richard F.L.Evans Kostya S.Novoselov Elton J.G.Santos School of mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastBT71NNUK Department of Physics The University of YorkYorkYO105DDUK Institute for Functional Intelligent materials National University of SingaporeSingapore117544Singapore Institute for Condensed matter Physics and Complex Systems School of Physics and AstronomyThe University of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FDUK Higgs Centre for Theoretical Physics The University of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FDUK

The discovery of two-dimensional(2D)magnetic van der Waals(vdW)materials has flourished an endeavor for fundamental problems as well as potential applications in computing,sensing and storage *** particular interest are antiferromagnets,which due to their intrinsic exchange coupling show several advantages in relation to ferromagnets such as robustness against external magnetic *** we show that,despite of this cornerstone,the magnetic domains of recently discovered 2D vdW mnPS_(3)antiferromagnet can be controlled via magnetic fields and electric *** achieve ultrafast domain-wall dynamics with velocities up to~3000 m s^(−1)within a relativistic *** contraction and emission of spin-waves in the terahertz gap are observed with dependence on the edge termination of the *** results indicate that the implementation of 2D antiferromagnets in real applications can be further controlled through edge engineering which sets functional characteristics for ultrathin device platforms with relativistic features.

关键词： relativistic dynamics antiferromagnet

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Recent advances in phosphoric acid-based membranes for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第12期30卷 393-429,I0010页

作者： Zunmin Guo maria Perez-page Jianuo Chen Zhaoqi Ji Stuart m.Holmes Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science The University of Manchester.Ml39PLUnited Kingdom

High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells(HT-PEmFCs)are pursued worldwide as efficient energy conversion *** efforts have been made in the area of designing and developing phosphoric acid(PA)-based proton exchange membrane(PEm)of *** review focuses on recent advances in the limitations of acid-based PEm(acid leaching,oxidative degradation,and mechanical degradation)and the approaches mitigating the membrane *** multilayer or polymers with continuous network,adding hygroscopic inorganic materials,and introducing PA doping sites or covalent interactions with PA can effectively reduce acid *** oxidative degradation can be alleviated by synthesizing crosslinked or branched polymers,and introducing antioxidative groups or highly oxidative stable *** to get a compact structure,blending with stable polymers and inorganic materials,preparing polymer with high molecular weight,and fabricating the polymer with PA doping sites away from backbones,are recommended to improve the membrane mechanical ***,by comparing the running hours and decay rate,three current approaches,*** via thermally curing or polymeric crosslinker,*** hygroscopic inorganic materials,*** membrane layers or introducing strong basic groups and electron-withdrawing groups,have been concluded to be promising approaches to improve the durability of *** overall aim of this review is to explore the existing degradation challenges and opportunities to serve as a solid basis for the deployment in the fuel cell market.

关键词： High-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Acid leaching Oxidative degradation mechanical degradation Durability

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The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate in bone remodeling and osteoporosis

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Bone Research 2022年第2期10卷 265-273页

作者： Justus m.Grewe Paul-richard Knapstein Antonia Donat Shan Jiang Daniel JSmit Weixin Xie Johannes Keller Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Clinic and Polyclinic for Vascular medicine University Heart Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany Institute of Biochemistry and Signal Transduction University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf20246 HamburgGermany

Osteoporosis is a systemic bone disease that affects more than 200 million people worldwide and is caused by the disruption of the equilibrium between osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1 P) is a natural,bioactive sphingolipid that has been shown to play a major role in cardiovascular and immunological pathologies by regulating biological and cellular processes, including migration, differentiation, proliferation and survival. Recent studies also suggest a central role for S1 P in bone diseases, including osteoporosis;however, the effects of S1 P, particularly in bone metabolism, remain to be further elucidated. In this review, we summarize the available literature on the role of S1 P in bone metabolism with a focus on osteoporosis. On the cellular level, S1 P acts as an osteoclast-osteoblast coupling factor to promote osteoblast proliferation and bone formation. moreover, the recruitment of osteoclast precursors to resorption sites is regulated by the interplay of S1 P gradients and S1 P receptor expression. From a clinical perspective, increasing evidence suggests that systemically elevated S1 P blood levels may serve as an independent risk factor for osteoporosis-related fractures. Taken together, S1 P signaling is a potential therapeutic target and may serve as a novel biomarker in patients with systemic bone disease.

关键词： osteoporosis metabolism expression.

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Linking uplift and mineralisation at the mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag Deposit,Northern Australia:Evidence from geology,U-Pb geochronology and sphalerite geochemistry

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第2期13卷 333-350页

作者： Bradley Cave William Perkins richard Lilly Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia Geological Survey of Queensland BrisbaneQLDAustralia

The subeconomic mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag deposit is located approximately 20 km south of mount Isa,*** contrast to the nearby mount Isa,Hilton and George Fisher Zn-Pb-Ag deposits,mineralisation at mount Novit is situated to the west of the regional-scale mount Isa Fault and is hosted in the moondarra Siltstone as opposed to the Urquhart ***-grade(mineralisation primarily replaces pre-existing carbonate alteration and veining and consists of pyrrhotite,pyrite and sphalerite with lesser ***-grade(>10 wt.%Zn+Pb)mineralisation occurs as a matrix supported breccia dominated by sphalerite and pyrrhotite with galena,pyrite,and ***-situ U-Pb geochronology was completed on apatite and two textural varieties of ***-grained(m)subhedral to anhedral monazite is located within highly foliated biotite alteration directly adjacent Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation and yields a mean weighted^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age of 1527±18 ma(mSWD=1.06).This age is consistent with the formation of highly foliated biotite alteration during D;deformation of the Isan *** from the same fabric yields a lower intercept age of1443±29 ma(mSWD=1.30).Consistent with previous studies,this age is interpreted to represent the age of a major thrusting event along the mount Isa Fault that resulted in the cooling of the mount Novit area below~375℃.Coarse-grained monazite is coeval with Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation and yields a mean weighted^(207)Pb/^(206)Pb age of 1457±11 ma(mSWD=0.28).Sphalerite from mount Novit has low concentrations(m)of Ge and Ga and a relatively high concentration of In(5 to>10 ppm),possibly reflecting the leaching of the metals from an underlying basement *** GGImFis geothermometer(Frenzel et al.,2016)produced a mean formation temperature of 345±52℃.The timing and temperature of Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation is consistent with the age and cooling temperature of apatite presented in this *** on these correlations,we

关键词： mount Isa mount Novit Zn-Pb-Ag mineralisation monazite Apatite Geochronology

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