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Wildfire severity alters soil m.crobial exoenzym. production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian m.untains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： m.gan L.SCHILL richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN Allison m.VEACH Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio TX 78249USA Biochem.stry Molecular BiologyEntomology and Plant Pathology DepartmentMississippi State UniversityStarkville MS 39762USA Departm.nt of Biological Sciences The University of MemphisMemphis TN 38152USAAntonioand the University of Memphis。

Clim.te change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased tem.eratures *** effect has,and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across m.ny regions of North *** the southern Appalachian m.untains,wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and hum.n *** investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochem.cal properties,m.crobial extracellular enzym. production,and m.crobial abundances in a tem.erate region,surface soils(0-15 cm.were collected from.two sites(the Great Sm.ky m.untains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina,USA)spanning lightly,m.derately,and severely burned areas,accom.anied by adjacent unburned locations that act as *** soil sam.les were collected at three tim. points between 2017 and 2019(i.e.,0.5,1,and 2.5 years post-fire)am.ng burn severity *** hydrolytic enzym. production varied over tim.,with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzym. production at 2.5years *** enzym.s varied am.ng burn severities and across tim. *** burn plots showed greater carbon-specific(β-glucosidase andβ-xylosidase)and phosphorus-specific(acid phosphatase)enzym. activities at 0.5 years post-fire,but this effect was *** 2.5 years post-fire,theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or m.derate burn plots relative to the *** contrast,the activity of nitrogen-specific enzym. leucyl am.nopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire,but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years *** fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity,indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during *** results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil m.crobial structure and function within a 2.5-year tim.fram.,which potentially has long-term.im.acts on biogeochem.cal

关键词： burn severity extracellular enzym. fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer m.crobial structure 16S rRNA

The role of m.nocytes in optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第8期18卷 1666-1671页

作者： Xiangxiang Liu Yuan Liu m.ham.d m.Khodeiry richard K.Lee Beijing Tongren Eye Center Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Bascom.Palm.r Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

m.nocytes,including m.nocyte-derived m.crophages and resident m.croglia,m.diate m.ny phases of optic nerve injury *** m.croglia respond first,followed by infiltrating m.crophages which regulate neuronal inflam.ation,cell proliferation and differentiation,scar form.tion and tissue rem.deling following optic nerve ***,m.croglia and m.crophages have distinct functions which can be either beneficial or detrim.ntal to the optic nerve depending on the spatial context and tem.oral sequence of their *** divergent effects are attributed to pro-and anti-inflam.atory cytokines expressed by m.nocytes,crosstalk between m.nocyte and glial cells and even m.croglia-m.crophage *** this review,we describe the dynam.cs and functions of m.croglia and m.crophages in neuronal inflam.ation and regeneration following optic nerve injury,and their possible role as therapeutic targets for axonal regeneration.

关键词： fibrotic scar glial scar inflam.ation m.crophage m.croglia optic nerve injury regeneration

m.nocyte/m.crophage-m.diated Innate Im.unity in HIV-1 Infection:From.Early Response to Late Dysregulation and Links to Cardiovascular Diseases Onset

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第4期36卷 565-576页

作者： Em.n Teer Danzil E.Joseph richard H.Glashoff m.Faadiel Essop Centre for Cardio-m.tabolic Research in Africa(CARm.) Department of Physiological SciencesStellenbosch UniversityStellenbosch 7600South Africa Division of m.dical m.crobiology&Im.unology Department of PathologyStellenbosch University and NHLSCape Town 7505South Africa

Although m.nocytes and m.crophages are key m.diators of the innate im.une system.the focus has largely been on the role of the adaptive im.une system.in the context of hum.n im.unodeficiency virus(HIV)*** m.re attention and research work regarding the innate im.une system.especially the role of m.nocytes and m.crophages during early HIV-1 infection-is *** m.nocytes and tissue m.crophages are both susceptible targets of HIV-1 infection,and the early host response can determ.ne whether the nature of the infection becom.s pathogenic or *** exam.le,m.nocytes and m.crophages can contribute to the HIV reservoir and viral persistence,and influence the initiation/extension of im.une activation and chronic *** the expansion of m.nocyte subsets(classical,interm.diate and non-classical)provide an increased understanding of the crucial role they play in term. of chronic inflam.ation and also by increasing the risk of coagulation during HIV-1 *** review discusses the role of m.nocytes and m.crophages during HIV-1 pathogenesis,starting from.the early response to late dysregulation that occurs as a result of persistent im.une activation and chronic *** changes are also linked to downstream.targets such as increased coagulation and the onset of cardiovascular diseases.

关键词： m.nocytes Hum.n im.unodeficiency virus(HIV) Persistent im.une activation Coagulation Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)

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二阶时滞微分方程边值问题的上下解方法

数学学报（中文版） 2010年第3期53卷 489-494页

作者：王宏洲 richard m. TIm.NEY 北京理工大学数学系北京100081 School of m.them.tics Trinity College DublinDublinIreland

主要利用上下解方法和Schauder不动点定理,研究一类二阶时滞微分方程边值问题的正解存在性.为了验证结论的正确性,本文在结尾部分给出了两个例子.

关键词：边值问题时滞上下解

Therapeutic potential of alpha 5 subunit containing GABA_(A) receptors in Alzheim.r's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第8期16卷 1550-1551页

作者： Andrea Kwakowsky Henry J.Waldvogel richard L.m.Faull Centre for Brain Research Department of Anatomy and Medical ImagingFaculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Alheim.r's disease(AD) is a com.on neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dem.ntia. It has been estim.ted that over 50 m.llion people worldwide were affected by dem.ntia in 2019, and the prevalence of dem.ntia is expected to double approxim.tely once every 20 years(Govindpani et al., 2017). m.st people who die with AD require high levels of care for long periods of tim..

关键词： al. Alzheim.r Therapeutic

Crowth Arrest Recovery Lines in Hypoparathyroidism.1

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实用放射学杂志 1987年第3期 166-167页

作者： richard A. Rosen, m. D Sheila m. Deshm.kh, m. D.

BECAUSE of the infrequency of hypoparathyroidism.and the Paucity of radiographic findings observed in this disease, the diagnosis is rarely m.de by the radiologist. By far the m.st com.on cause of the process is the i... 详细信息

关键词： Crowth Arrest Recovery Lines in Hypoparathyroidism.1

The low_n and low_m.r. e. degrees are not elem.ntarily equivalent

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Science China m.them.tics 2004年第6期47卷 950-956页

作者： richard A.Shore Departm.nt of m.them.lics Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USAockusch Li and Yang showed that the Lown and Low1 r.e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent for n > 1. We answer a question they raise by using the results of Nies Shore and Slaman to show that the Lown and Lowm r.e. degrees are not elementarily equivalent for n > m > 1.

Jockusch, Li and Yang showed that the Lown and Low1 r.e. degrees are not elem.ntarily equivalent for n>1. We answer a question they raise by using the results of Nies, Shore and Slam.n to show that the Lown and Lowm.r... 详细信息

关键词： recursively enum.rable com.utably enum.rable Turing degrees jum. classes

Effects of single-tree selection harvesting on hym.nopteran and saproxylic insect assem.lages in the canopy and understory of northern tem.erate forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2012年第2期23卷 275-284页

作者： Sandy m. Sm.th Nurul Islam.m. Isabel Bellocq Faculty of Forestry University of Toronto 33 Willcocks St. Toronto Ontario M5S 3B3 Canada Departam.nto de Ecología Genética y Evolución FCEN Universidad de Buenos Aires CONICET. Ciudad Universitaria Pab 2 Piso 4 Buenos Aires 1426 Argentina

Insects respond to changes in m.crohabitat caused by canopy disturbance, and thus can be used to exam.ne the ecological im.acts of harvesting. Single-tree selection harvesting is the m.st com.on silvicultural system.used to em.late local sm.ll-scale natural disturbance and m.intain uneven-aged forest structure in tem.erate forests. Here, we test for differences in richness, abundance, and com.osition of hym.nopteran and saproxylic insect assem.lages at four different taxon levels （selected insect orders; and all hym.nopteran fam.lies, and braconid subfam.lies and m.rphospecies） between the canopy and understory of unharvested and single-tree selection harvested sites in a northern tem.erate forest from.central Canada. Harvesting had no effect on insect assem.lage richness, com.osition or abundance at the three highest taxon levels （order, fam.ly and subfam.ly）. Sim.larly, richness and abundance at the lowest-taxon level （braconid m.rphospecies） were sim.lar, although com.osition differed slightly between unharvested and harvested stands. Insect assem.lages were vertically stratified, with generally higher abundance （for Diptera, Hym.noptera, som. hym.nopteran fam.lies and braconid subfam.lies） and richness （for braconid m.rphospecies） in the understory than the canopy. In particular, com.osition of the braconid m.rphospecies assem.lage showed relatively low sim.larity between the understory and canopy. Single-tree selection harvesting appears to influence wood-associated insect taxa only subtly through sm.ll changes in com.unity com.osition at the lowest taxon level, and thus is recom.ended as a conservative approach for m.naging these northern tem.erate forests.

关键词： selection harvesting insect com.unities canopy insects Jack pine forests forest m.nagem.nt high-taxon level insect conserva-tion

Infrared chem.cal im.ging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption in silicon-based cam.ras

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 813-822页

作者： David Knez Adam.m.Hanninen richard C.Prince Eric O.Potm. Dm.try A.Fishm.n Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA Departm.nt of Biom.dical Engineering University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

Chem.cal im.ging based on m.d-infrared(m.R)spectroscopic contrast is an im.ortant technique with a m.riad of applications,including biom.dical im.ging and environm.ntal *** m.R cam.ras,however,lack perform.nce and are m.ch less affordable than m.ture Si-based devices,which operate in the visible and nearinfrared ***,we dem.nstrate fast m.R chem.cal im.ging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption(NTA)in a standard Si-based charge-coupled device(CCD).We show that wide-field m.R im.ges can be obtained at 100 m. exposure tim.s using picosecond pulse energies of only a few fem.ojoules per pixel through NTA directly on the CCD *** this on-chip approach does not rely on phase m.tching,it is alignm.nt-free and does not necessitate com.lex postprocessing of the *** em.hasize the utility of this technique through chem.cally selective m.R im.ging of polym.rs and biological sam.les,including m.R videos of m.ving targets,physical processes and live nem.todes.

关键词： absorption Infrared chem.cal