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Autolysosomal acidification impairment as a mediator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1869-1870页

作者： Evridiki Asimakidou richard Reynolds Anna m.Barron Chih Hung Lo Department of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK Lee Kong Chian School of medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Neuronal necroptosis-an emerging form of regulated cell death associated with neuroinflammatory signaling:Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is characterized by the presence of extracellular amyloid-β(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as well as progressive neuronal *** evidence has suggested that prolonged neuroinflammation with increased levels of cytokines,arising from neuronal injury,innate immune responses from glial cells,and peripheral inflammation,leads to neuronal death and AD progression.

关键词： Alzheimer death tau Aβ

Bound and Resonating multiquark Configurations

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 8-12页

作者： Jean-marc richard Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon Université Claude Bernard(Lyon 1) CNRS-IN2P34 rue Enrico Fermi69622 VilleurbanneFrance

We review the predictions of quark models for multiquark configurations that are bound or resonant states,and compare different methods for estimating the properties of resonances.

关键词： quark Configuration resonant

Wildfire severity alters soil microbial exoenzyme production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian mountains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： megan L.SCHILL richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN Allison m.VEACH Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochemistry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Climate change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased temperatures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across many regions of North America. In the southern Appalachian mountains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and human activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochemical properties, microbial extracellular enzyme production, and microbial abundances in a temperate region, surface soils (0–15 cm) were collected from two sites (the Great Smoky mountains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, moderately, and severely burned areas, accompanied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil samples were collected at three time points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)among burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzyme production varied over time, with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzyme production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzymes varied among burn severities and across time post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzyme activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or moderate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzyme leucyl aminopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil microbial structure and function within a 2.5-year timeframe, which potentially

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracellular enzyme fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer microbial structure

Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan mcClory richard H.Ellis martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina mayoral Kris m.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob macKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

Biofabrication of nanocomposite-based scaffolds containing human bone extracellularmatrix for the differentiation of skeletal stem and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim Janos m.Kanczler Stuart Lanham Andrew Rawlings marta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of medicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or metal implants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biomimetic tissue engineering *** use of native human bone tissue for synthesizing a biomimeticmaterial inkfor three-dimensional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,human bone extracellular matrix(bone-ECm)offers an exciting potential for the development of an appropriate microenvironment for human bone marrow stromal cells(HBmSCs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel material ink(LAB)by blending human bone-ECm(B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polymers using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polymeric material increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBmSCs viability upon *** composite of human bone-ECm-based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after implantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane(CAm)*** inclusion of bone morphogenetic protein-2(BmP-2)with the HBmSCs further enhanced vascularization and mineralization after only seven *** study demonstrates the synergistic combination of nanoclay with biomimetic materials(alginate and bone-ECm)to support the formation of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a promising novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular matrix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

Sustainable land management in mali

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 382-391页

作者： Karim Nchare marcel Vitouley richard mbih Vanderbilt University USA African School of Economics Benin Pennsylvania State University USA

This study uses logistic and Poisson regression models to examine the factors influencing the adoption of sustain-able land management(SLm)practices in mali using two rounds of the nationally representative survey Enquête Agricole de Conjoncture Intégrée aux Conditions de Vie des mé*** SLms considered include the applica-tion of organic fertilizers,the application of inorganic fertilizers,the use of improved seeds,and the practice of *** average the application of organic fertilizers(39.2%),and inorganic fertilizers(28.7%)are the most frequent SLm practices among malian farmers,and between 2014 and 2017,we observe a decline in the practice of *** regression results show that farmers’adoption of different SLms is significantly associated with biophysical factors(average temperature,climate type,plot size,plot shape,and location),de-mographic factors(age,gender,education,household size),and socioeconomic factors(number of cultivated plots,livelihood diversification,type of crop grown,market access,credit access,economic shocks,and social capital).Our findings suggest that policymakers and agricultural development agencies in mali need to adopt a multidimensional policy framework to unlock the untapped potential of SLm practices in promoting sustainable agriculture and food security.

关键词： Sustainable land management Africa Logistic regression models Poisson regression model

Remote electric powering by germanium photovoltaic conversion of an Erbium-fiber laser beam

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 15-20页

作者： richard Soref Francesco De Leonardis Oussama moutanabbir Gerard Daligou Engineering Department University of Massachusetts at BostonBostonMA 02125USA Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Politecnico di BariBari 70121-70132Italy Department of Engineering Physics Ecole Polytechnique de MontrealMontrealQuebec 999040Canada

The commercially available 4000-Watt continuous-wave(CW)Erbium-doped-fiber laser,emitting at the 1567-nm wavelength where the atmosphere has high transmission,provides an opportunity for harvesting electric power at remote“off the grid”locations using a multi-module photovoltaic(PV)“receiver”*** paper proposes a 32-element monocrystalline thick-layer Germanium PV panel for efficient harvesting of a collimated 1.13-m-diam *** 0.78-m^(2) PV panel is constructed from commercial Ge *** incident CW laser-beam power in the 4000 to 10,000 W range,our thermal,electrical,and infrared simulations predict 660 to 1510 Watts of electrical output at the panel temperatures of 350 to 423 K.

关键词： Laser power transmission Photovoltaic panels Germa-nium infrared detection Erbiumﬁber laser Ytterbiumﬁber laser Directed-beam energy harvesting

Beyond cotton and polyester: An evaluation of emerging feedstocks and conversion methods for the future of fashion industry

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第2期9卷 130-159页

作者： Ryen m.Frazier Keren A.Vivas Ivana Azuaje Ramon Vera Alonzo Pifano Naycari Forfora Hasan Jameel Ericka Ford Joel J.Pawlak richard Venditti Ronalds Gonzalez Department of Forest Biomaterials North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and ScienceThe Nonwovens InstituteNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC 27695USA

As the global population grows,the demand for textiles is increasing ***,this puts immense pressure on manufacturers to produce more *** synthetic fibers can be pro-duced cheaply,they have a negative impact on the *** the other hand,fibers from wool,sisal,fique,wood pulp(viscose),and man-made cellulose fibers(mmCFs)from cotton can-not alone meet the growing fiber demand without major stresses on land,water,and existing markets using these *** a greater emphasis on transparency and circular economy practices,there is a need to consider natural non-wood alternative sources for mmCFs to supple-ment other fiber ***,introducing new feedstocks with different compositions may require different biomass conversion ***,based on existing work,this review ad-dresses the technical feasibility of various alternative feedstocks for conversion to textile-grade ***,alternative feedstocks are introduced,and then conventional(dissolving pulp)and emerging(fibrillated cellulose and recycled material)conversion technologies are evaluated to help select the most suitable and promising processes for these emerging alternative sources of *** is important to note that for alternative feedstocks to be adopted on a meaningful scale,high biomass availability and proximity of conversion facilities are critical *** North America,soybean,wheat,rice,sorghum,and sugarcane residues are widely available and most suitable for conventional conversion through various dissolving pulp production methods(pre-hydrolysis kraft,acid sulfite,soda,SO2-ethanol-water,and potassium hydroxide)or by emerging cellulose fibrillation *** dissolving pulp conversion is well-established,fibrillated cel-lulose methods could be beneficial from cost,efficiency,and environmental ***,the authors strongly encourage more work in this growing research ***,conducting thorough cost and sustainability assessment

关键词： Non-wood Residue Regenerated cellulose Dissolving pulp man-made cellulose fiber Apparel textile

Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therapy: Investigation and Implementation

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International Journal of medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： m. ming Xu Iris Rusu richard P. Garza Northwestern medicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Geneva Illinois USA Department of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA The Austin Center for Radiation Oncology Austin Texas USA

Purpose: To present a protocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therapy (TSET) and to provide an assessment of clinical implementation, dosimetry properties, and skin dose evaluation. methods and materials: The DFR-TSET combined the Stanford 6-field and mcGill rotational methods. Dual 6 meV electron beams in high dose total skin electron mode were used for DFR-TSET on a commercial linac. Beam profiles and dosimetric properties were measured using solid phantoms. The dose rate at expanded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a combination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosimetry of patient skin was performed on patients’ skin using film, metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (mOSFET), and optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therapy exhibited good (≤±10%) uniformity in the beam profiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from the horizontal direction. In-vivo measurements confirmed acceptable uniformity of the patients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatomically self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical implementation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the special mode on a linac. This technique provides short beam-on times, uniform dose distribution, large treatment field, and reduced dose of x-ray contamination to the patients. In-vivo measurements indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniformity of the prescribed dose. Electron boost fields are recommended at normal SSDs to address underdosed areas.

关键词： Total Skin Electron Therapy Stanford 6 Field mcGill Rotation Therapy In-Vivo Dosimetry