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Mechanism of selective hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal conditions

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第3期7卷 173-179页

作者： Taku Michael Aida Yasuaki Kumagai richard lee smith jr Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringFukuoka UniversityNanakuma Jonan-kuFukuoka 814-0180Japan Research Center of Composite Material Fukuoka UniversityNanakuma Jonan-kuFukuoka814-0180Japan Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAoba-kuSendai980-8579Japan

Mechanisms of selective hydrolysis of alginates under hydrothermal conditions were investigated by comparing reactivities of sodium alginate(Na-ALG,960 ku)solutions and calcium alginate(Ca-ALG)gels as *** hydrothermal conditions(150°C),hydrolysis of Na-ALG gave product molecular weights of 223,66,26 and 17 ku while those of Ca-ALG gave product molecular weights of 340,102,45 and 31 ku for reaction times of 10,20,30 and 60 min,*** ratios of mannuronic acid(M)to guluronic acid(G)varied only slightly(from 1.3 to 1.2)for Na-ALG over the range of reaction times at 150°C,while ratios(M/G)for Ca-ALG exhibited a remarkable decrease(from 1.1 to 0.8).Diad sequence of alginate products obtained for Na-ALG were 17%,23%,27%and 31%(GG);30%,32%,36%and 38%(MM);and 53%,46%,37%and 32%(GM+MG);while for Ca-ALG they were 18%,22%,24%and 33%(GG);26%,23%,26%and 18%(MM);and 56%,54%,50%and 48%(GM+MG).Reaction mechanisms are proposed for hydrolysis of alginate solutions and alginate gels under hydrothermal conditions;de-polymerization of alginates into monomers and monomeric sequences can be controlled not only by hydrothermal conditions,but also by varying the physical state(solution,gel)of the starting materials.

关键词： Biomaterial Biopolymer De-polymerization High temperature water

Selective hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol with tannic acid-based porous carbon sphere supported Ni-Ru bimetallic catalysts

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Green Energy & Environment 2023年第6期8卷 1719-1727页

作者： Ran Xi Yiwei Tang richard lee smith jr Xiaoning Liu Le Liu Xinhua Qi College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai UniversityNo.38Tongyan RoadJinnan DistrictTianjin300350China Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11AobaSendai980-8579Japan National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biomass Resource Utilization Nankai UniversityNo.38Tongyan RoadJinnan DistrictTianjin300350China

Ni-Ru bimetallic porous carbon sphere(Ni-Ru@PCS) catalysts were synthesized via formaldehyde-assisted, metal-coordinated crosslinking sol-gel chemistry, in which biomass-derived tannic acid and F127 surfactant were used as carbon precursor and soft template, respectively, and Ni2+and Ru3+were used as cross-linkers. In the developed method, Ni-Ru particles became uniformly dispersed in the carbon skeleton due to strong coordination bonds between metal ions(Ni2+and Ru^(3+)) and tannic acid molecules and bimetal interactions. The as-synthesized Ni-Ru10:1@PCS catalyst with a loading Ni:Ru mole ratio of 10:1 was applied for the selective hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol, and provided 99% glucose conversion with a sorbitol selectivity of 100% at 140℃ in 150 min reaction time and exhibited good stability and recyclability in which sorbitol yield remained at 98% after 4 cycles with little or no metal agglomeration. The catalyst was applied to glucose solutions as high as 20 wt% with 97% sorbitol yields being obtained at 140℃ in 20 h. The developed bimetallic porous carbon sphere catalysts take advantage of sustainably-derived materials in their structure and are applicable to related biomass conversion reactions.

关键词： Tannic acid Ni–Ru bimetal Glucose Sorbitol Catalytic hydrogenation

Weak-acid biochar catalyst prepared from mechanochemically-activated biomass and humic acid for production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 490-502页

作者： Haixin Guo Sohei Ogawa Yukiya Isoda Feng Shen richard lee smith jr Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Agro-Environmental Protection InstituteNo.31 Fukang RoadNankai DistrictTianjin 300191China Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11AobaSendai 980-8579Japan

Many types of sustainably-prepared functional biochar catalysts are needed to transform biomass substrates into platform *** this work,weak-acid biochar catalysts were prepared by mix ball-milled(10 min,isothermal,room temperature)cherry blossom tree leaf biomass(BM)with humic acid(H)prior to carbonization of samples for 1 h under nitrogen *** of the as-prepared materials(HBM-carbonization temperature in℃)showed that humic acid activated the biochars and increased their number of oxygen-containing functional(-COOH,OH)*** weak-acid biochars were applied as heterogeneous catalysts for dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF),where it was found that biochar catalyst,HBM-400,gave 100%fructose conversion and 77.5%5-HMF yields in an ionic liquid(1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride)reaction system(140℃,60 min reaction time).As-prepared HBM-400 biochars exhibited constant catalytic activity for fructose dehydration with repeated use without any type of reactivation treatment and were stable for 5 *** acid is an effective additive for preparing weak-acid catalytic materials from waste biomass.

关键词： Humic acid Mixing ball milling Oxygen-containing functional group Weak-acid biochar

Effective conversion of fructose to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural with brønsted acid site(S/Cl)-functional carbon catalysts

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2022年第1期7卷 33-42页

作者： Haixin Guo Ryota Higashiguchi Yuya Abe richard lee smith Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11AobaSendai 980-8579Japan Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology Tohoku UniversityAramaki Aza Aoba 6-6-11Aoba-kuSendai 980-8579Japan

Brønsted acid site(S/Cl)-functional carbon materials were prepared by ball-milling(bm)L-cysteine and ammonium chloride to form chemical complex solids,by post-heat treatment(Q)of the solids at 500°C under a nitrogen gas atmosphere to stabilize and fortify amino and functional group solid structures and by post-oxidative treatment with H_(2)O_(2)to add Brønsted *** as-prepared carbon materials(S/Cl@bm_(x)Q_(y);x,y in hours)contained Brønsted acid sites(sul-fonates,chlorides),oxygen-containing groups(-COOH,-OH)and amino functional *** S/Cl@bm_(x)Q_(y)materials were applied as catalysts to promote conversion of fructose in ethanol solvent to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF)and 5-ethoxymethylfurfural(5-EMF).Among the carbon materials,S/Cl@bm_(3)Q_(1)gave 5-EMF and 5-HMF yields of 67.0%and 22.8%,respectively,in pure ethanol at 140℃for 24 h reaction time,while a reaction time of 18 h gave total 5-EMF and 5-HMF yields of 96.4%.Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)was applied as additive to the ethanol-fructose-S/Cl@bm_(3)Q_(1)reaction system which showed that 5-HMF product selectivity could be controlled with DMSO *** protocol developed allows simple preparation of func-tional carbon materials that have high catalytic activity and are effective for conversion of fructose to 5-HMF and 5-EMF in ethanol.

关键词： Ball-milling Etherification Fuel additive Ethanol Brønsted acid

Role of illness perception and self-efficacy in lifestyle modification among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第10期23卷 1881-1890页

作者： Shira Zelber-Sagi Shiran Bord Gali Dror-Lavi Matthew lee smith Samuel D Towne jr Assaf Buch Muriel Webb Hanny Yeshua Assy Nimer Oren Shibolet Department of Gastroenterology TelAviv Medical Center School of Public Health University of Haifa Institute of Gerontology College of Public HealthThe University of Georgia Texas A&M University School of Public HealthCollege Station The Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel-Aviv University Family Medicine Department Tel-Aviv and Dan Petach-TikvaClalit Health ServicesRabin Medical Center Internal medicine A Galler medical Center Bar-Ilan University

To describe the relationships between non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease (NAFLD) patient’s disease consequences and treatment perceptions, self-efficacy, and healthy lifestyle *** cross-sectional study among 146 ultrasound diagnosed NAFLD patients who visited the fatty liver clinic at the Tel-Aviv Medical Center. Eighty-seven of these individuals, participated in a clinical trial of physical activity and underwent fasting blood tests, analyzed at the same lab. Exclusion criteria included positivity for serum HBsAg or anti-HCV antibodies; fatty liver suspected to be secondary to hepatotoxic drugs; excessive alcohol consumption (≥ 30 g/d in men or ≥ 20 g/d in women) and positive markers of genetic or immune-mediated liver diseases. Patients were asked to complete a self-report structured questionnaire, assembled by the Israeli Center for Disease Control. Nutrition habits were measured using six yes/no questions (0 = no, 1 = yes) adopted from the national survey questionnaire. Participants in the clinical trial completed a detailed semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) reporting their habitual nutritional intake during the past year. Self-efficacy was assessed by the Self-Efficacy Scale questionnaire, emotional representation, degree of illness understanding, timeline perception, treatment perception and symptoms were measured by the Brief Illness Perception questionnaire. Illness consequences were measured by the Personal Models of Diabetes Interview questionnaire. A path analysis was performed to describe the interrelationships between the patients’ illness perceptions, and assess the extent to which the data fit a prediction of nutritional *** study sample included 54.1% men, with a mean age of 47.76 ± 11.68 years (range: 20-60) and mean body mass index of 31.56 ± 4.6. The average perceived nutrition habits score was 4.73 ± 1.45 on a scale between 0-6, where 6 represents the healthiest eating habits. Most of the study par

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease Physical activity Diet Illness perception Self-efficacy

Effects of PGC-1αoverexpression on the myogenic response during skeletal muscle regeneration

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第3期4卷 198-208页

作者： Tyrone A.Washington Wesley S.Haynie Eleanor R.Schrems richard A.Perry jr. Lemuel A.Brown Breanna M.Williams Megan E.Rosa-Caldwell David E.lee Jacob L.Brown Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of HealthHuman Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA Cachexia Research Laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of HealthHuman Performance and RecreationUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleAR72701USA

The ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate from injury is crucial for locomotion,metabolic health,and quality of *** proliferator-activated receptor-γcoactivator-1α(PGC1A)is a transcriptional coactivator required for mitochondrial *** mitochondrial biogenesis is associated with improved muscle cell differentiation,however PGC1A's role in skeletal muscle regeneration following damage requires further *** purpose of this study was to investigate the role of skeletal muscle-specific PGC1A overexpression during regeneration following damage.22 C57BL/6J(WT)and 26 PGC1A muscle transgenic(A1)mice were injected with either phosphate-buffered saline(PBS,uninjured control)or Bupivacaine(MAR,injured)into their tibialis anterior(TA)muscle to induce skeletal muscle *** muscles were extracted 3-or 28-days postinjury and analyzed for markers of regenerative myogenesis and protein ***1a mRNA was~10–20 fold greater in A1 *** of protein synthesis,AKT and 4EBP1,displayed decreases in A1 mice compared to WT at both timepoints indicating a decreased protein synthetic *** mRNA was~75%lower compared to WT 3 days *** mice exhibited decreased cross-sectional area of the TA muscle at 28 days post-injection with bupivacaine compared to all other ***1A overexpression modifies the myogenic response during regeneration.

关键词： PGC-1α Skeletal muscle Muscle regeneration Satellite cells Protein turnover p38 MAPK

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昆虫内源促冰晶活性菌的分离

国外农学（植物保护） 1992年第2期5卷 33-34页

作者： richard E. lee jr. 李天安

绝大多数越冬昆虫体液结冰后不能生还.实验证明,肠道 INA 茵降低了越冬虫体的过冷力,天然 INA 菌株可望开发成为越冬害虫的生物杀虫剂.

关键词：昆虫促冰晶活性菌生物杀虫剂

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阅读——步行——到南极

中国科技教育 2013年第1期 34-38页

作者： Natalie Harr Kathleen Doneyko richard E. lee jr. 吕伊明(翻译) 美国俄亥俄州牛津市迈阿密大学

克雷斯特伍德小学的学生们证明了他们可以同时锻炼自己的身体和头脑。为了支持学校老师的南极科学考察，幼儿园到小学2年级的学生们承诺要读更多的书并做等同于12900千米南极之旅的体育锻炼。伴随他们的老师在徽博上讲述她在世界各地的... 详细信息

克雷斯特伍德小学的学生们证明了他们可以同时锻炼自己的身体和头脑。为了支持学校老师的南极科学考察，幼儿园到小学2年级的学生们承诺要读更多的书并做等同于12900千米南极之旅的体育锻炼。伴随他们的老师在徽博上讲述她在世界各地的科学考察，学生们在全校展示了他们所走过的距离。在家人和老师的支持下，这些小学生实现了3倍于原来的目标，在10个星期的时间内阅读了2000本书并“虚拟”行走了38600千米。

关键词：小学生老师生活习惯探险健康培养科学考察体育锻炼

Epidemiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in veterans: a retrospective casecontrol study

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 99-104页

作者： Logan M.smith Shiv Lamba Carol L.Karp Anat Galor Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center 1201 NW 16th StMiamiFL 33125USA Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of Miami900 NW 17th StreetMiamiFL 33136USA Flint Hill School OaktonVirginiaUSA

Background:A number of risk factors have been evaluated in ocular surface squamous neoplasia,but few studies have assessed risk factors specific to the armed forces veteran ***:We conducted a retrospective case-control study on 55 patients and 55 age-matched controls with biopsy-proven ocular surface squamous neoplasia from the Miami Veterans Administration Hospital Eye Clinic to investigate potential risk factors encountered by veterans,including service-specific ***-specific risk factors included ionizing radiation exposure,Agent Orange exposure,deployment to Southwest Asia,and exposure to the series of biochemical warfare tests known as Project Shipboard Hazard and *** was analyzed with SPSS(SPSS Inc.,Chicago,IL)using t-tests,chi-squared,and logistic regression analysis,with a p-value of<0.05 considered statistically ***:The strongest risk factor for ocular surface squamous neoplasia was lifetime sun exposure both directly assessed via historical quantification of exposure by dermatology practitioners(Odds Ratio(OR)5.4,95%Confidence Interval(CI)2.27–12.847,p<0.005),and using the surrogate markers of basal cell carcinoma(OR 3.157,95%CI 1.286–7.748,p=0.010)and pingueculae(OR 5.267,95%CI 2.104–13.186,p<0.005).Of the veteran-specific risk factors,Agent Orange exposure and Southwest Asia deployment were not associated with an increased risk of ocular surface squamous *** to ionizing radiation and involvement in Project Shipboard Hazard and Defense were not documented among any cases or ***:The results of our study are consistent with prior established risk factors,namely highlighting the important role of sun exposure in ocular surface squamous neoplasia among veterans.

关键词： Ocular surface squamous neoplasia Risk factors Veteran population