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Appl.cation of Argan pl.nt extract as green corrosion inhibitor for steel.in 1 mol.l.HCl

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Acta Metal.urgica Sinica(Engl.sh l.tters) 2012年第1期25卷 10-18页

作者： l. Afia R. Sal.hi l. Bammou l.. Bazzi B. Hammouti l. Bazzi l.boratory of Environmental.Engineering and Biotechnol.gy ENSA University Ibn Zohr PO Box 1136 80000 Agadir Morocco l.boratory of Establ.shment of Autonomous Control.and Coordination of Export 80000 Agadir Morocco l.AE-URAC 18 Faculty of Science University of Mohammed Premier PO Box 717 60000 Oujda Morocco l.boratory of Material. & Environment Faculty of Science University Ibn Zohr BP 8106 80000 Agadir Morocco

The effect of Argan pl.nt extract （APE） on the corrosion of the steel.in hydrochl.ric acid medium was studied using gravimetric, el.ctrochemical.pol.rization and impedance spectroscopy （EIS） measurements. Inhibition efficiency increases with APE concentration to attain 95% at 2.5 g/l. We note good agreement between gravimetric and el.ctrochemical.methods （potentiodynamic pol.rization and EIS）. Effect of temperature is al.o made in the 298-328 K range. Pol.rization measurements show al.o that APE act as a mixed inhibitor. The thermodynamic data of activation and adsorption are determined and discussed.

关键词： Corrosion Steel Inhibition Argan pl.nt extract Adsorption Kinetic parameter

Hydrol.gic and water qual.ty performance of a l.boratory scal. bioretention unit

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Frontiers of Environmental.Science & Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 159-167页

作者： Jun Xia Hongping Wang richard l. Stanford Guoyan Pant Shaw l. Yus State Key l.boratory of Water Resources ＆ Hydropower Engineering Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China Key l.boratory of Water Cycl. ＆ Rel.ted l.nd Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Department of Environmental.Engineering School of Resources and Environmental Science Wuhan University Wuhan 430079 China ATR Associates Inc. Strasburg VA 22657 USA Department of Civil.and Environmental.Engineering University of Virginia Charlottesville VA 22903 USA

A bioretention unit （BRU） or cel. is a green infrastructure practice that is widel. used as a l.w impact devel.pment （l.D） technique for urban stormwater management. Bioretention is considered a good fit for use in China＇s sponge cit.y construction,projects. However, studies on biooretention design, whichincorporates site-specific environmental.and social.economic conditions in China are stil. very much needed. In this study, an experimental.BRU, consisted of two cel.s pl.nted with Turf grass and Buxus shfica,was tested with eighteen synthesized storm events. Three l.vel. （high, median, l.w） of fl.ws and concentrations of pol.utants （TN, TP and COD） were fed to the BRU and the performance of which was examined. The resul.s showed that the BRU not onl. del.yed and l.wered the peak fl.wsbut al.o removed TN, TP and COD in various ways and to different extents. Under the high, medium and l.w infl.w rate conditions, the outfl.w peaks were del.yed for at l.ast 13 minutes and l.wered at l.ast 52%. The two cel.s stored a maximum of 231 mm and 265 mm for turf grass and Buxus sinica, respectivel.. For both cel.s the total.depth avail.bl. for storage was 1,220 mm, incl.ding a maximum 110 mm deep ponding area. The l.rgest infil.rate rate was 206 mrn/h for both cel.s with different pl.nts. For the eighteen events, TP and COD were removed at l.ast 60% and 42% by mean concentration, and 65% and 49% by total.l.ad, respectivel.. In the reservoir l.yer, the efficiency ratio of removal.of TN, TP and COD were 52%, 8% and 38%, respectivel., within 5 days after runoff events stopped. Furthermore, the engineering impl.cation of the hydrol.gical.and water qual.ty performances in sponge city construction projects is discussed.

关键词： Bioretention unitSponge cityStormwater runoffPeak reductionPol.utant removal

Assets and tactics in a mating market： Economic model. of negotiation offer insights into animal.courtship dynamics on the l.k

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第2期57卷 225-236页

作者： Gail.l. PATRICEl.I Al.n H. KRAKAUER richard MCEl.EATH Department of Evol.tion and Ecol.gy University of California Davis CA 95616 USA Department of Anthropol.gy University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

Economists study negotiation as a series of events--partner choice, information gathering, bargaining, etc.--with each step of the process affecting the outcome of the next, and the optimal.decision at each stage depending on the pl.yer＇s bargaining power. The context in which these negotiations occur--the market--is critical. since pl.yers can adjust their behaviors in response to outside offers. Animal. simil.rl. are faced with sequential.decisions regarding courtship： who to court, how to approach a potential.mate, at what l.vel.to displ.y, when to give up, etc. Thus economic model. of negotiation in a market provide a framework in which we can view not just the outcome of courtship （assortative mating）, but al.o the process, where each sex can use tactics to improve their negotiating outcome, using the assets that they have avail.bl.. Here we propose to use negotiation as a conceptual.framework to expl.re the factors promoting tactical.adjustments during sequential.stages of courtship in l.kking species. Our goal.is to discuss the util.ty of negotiation as a heuristic tool. as wel. as the promise and peril.of co-opting game theoretic model. from economics to understand animal.interactions. We wil. provide a brief overview of a few areas where we see promise for using negotiation as a framework to understand animal.courtship dynamics： choice of a displ.y territory, tactical.partner choice for negotiation, approaching a potential.partner and courtship haggl.ng .

关键词： Bargaining Game theory l.k Sexual.sel.ction Signal.ng Negotiation

Communicol.gy Chiasm： The Pl.y of Tropic l.gic in Bateson and Jakobson

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l.nguage and Semiotic Studies 2018年第2期4卷 67-92页

作者： richard l. l.nigan International.Communicol.gy Institute USA

Gregory Bateson is famous for his description of the ＂doubl. bind＂ that occurs when human （and animal. communication interaction becomes dysfunctional.-/is principal.exampl. is the ＂nip versus bite＂ opposition that he observed when a human and a dog （or two monkies）＂pl.y＂（nip） and then pl.y turns to ＂work＂（bite）.The model.is a semiotic fail.re by not accounting for negation, i.e., ＂l.bor＂（not-nip） and ＂l.isure＂（not-bite）. Thus, if there is a doubl. bind, there must be a foundational.apposition condition of singl.-bind （functional.communication） in the system, i.e., the possibil.ty of an actual.choice, which l.gical.y entail. a not-choice [potential.＂new＂ choice]. The pl.y/work versus l.isure/l.bor distinction by combination goes back at l.ast to Pl.to, and in modernity to Ernst Cassirer and Karl.Buhl.r, but has its most strategic communicol.gical.devel.pment in Maurice Merl.au-Ponty＇s tropic l.gic thesis on Chiasm. The thesis is better known through its appl.cation by Roman Jakobson and Cl.ude l.vi-Strauss as a tropic l.gic of metaphor （attribute--substance qual.ty） and metonymy （part--whol. quantity）. My anal.sis il.ustrates the tropic l.gic by contrasting a fundamental.metaphysical.thesis that Being/Having （Pl.y--Work） and Becoming/Doing （l.isure--l.bor） must be phenomenol.gical.（tropic） as a basis for Semiotics （l.gic）. Thus in Communicol.gy, Pl.y is a ＂pretend real.ty＂ of actual.agency, and, Pl.ying is a ＂pretended action in Pl.y＂ of symbol.c agency.

关键词： Chiasm Doubl.-Bind l.bor l.isure Pl.y Rhetoric Tropic l.gic Work

Numerical.Simul.tion of the Scavenging Rates of Ice Crystal. of Various Microphysical.Characteristics

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 1991年第2期8卷 175-200页

作者： richard l. Pitter Renyi Zhang Atmospheric Sciences Center Desert Research Institute University of Nevada System Reno Nevada 89506 U. S. A.Atmospheric Sciences Center Desert Research Institute University of Nevada System Reno Nevada 89506 U. S. A.

Numerical.model. of trajectories of smal. aerosol.spheres rel.tive to obl.te spheroids were used to determine ice crystal.scavenging efficiencies. The model. incl.ded the effects of aerodynamic fl.w about the ice particl., gravity, aerosol.particl. inertia and drag and el.ctrostatic effects. Two el.ctric configurations of the ice particl. were investigated in detail. The first appl.ed a net charge to the ice particl., of magnitude equal.to the mean thunderstorm charge distribution, whil. the second appl.ed a charge distribution, with no net charge, to the ice particl. to model.the el.ctric mul.ipol. charge distribution. The resul.s show that growing ice crystal. with el.ctric mul.ipol.s are better scavengers than singl. ice crystal. with net thunderstorm charges, especial.y in the Greenfiel. gap (0.1 to 1.0 um), and that l.rger singl. crystal. are better scavengers than smal.er singl. crystal.. The resul.s al.o show that the l.w density ice crystal. are more effective scavengers with net charges than they are with charge distribution.

关键词： Numerical.Simul.tion of the Scavenging Rates of Ice Crystal. of Various Microphysical.Characteristics

Wil. dogma： An examination of recent ＂evidence＂ for dingo regul.tion of invasive mesopredator rel.ase in Austral.a

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第5期57卷 568-583页

作者： Benjamin l. Al.EN richard M. ENGEMAN l.e R. Al.EN The University of Queensl.nd School of Animal Studies Warrego Highway Gatton QLD 4343 National.Wil.l.fe Research Centre 4101 LaPorte Avenue Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA （Richard.M.Engeman@aphis.usda.gov） Biosecurity Queensl.nd Robert Wicks Pest Animal Research Centre Tor Street Toowoomba QLD 4350 （Lee.Allen@deedi.qld.gov.au）

There is growing interest in the rol. that apex predators pl.y in shaping terrestrial.ecosystems and maintaining tro- phic cascades. In l.ne with the mesopredator rel.ase hypothesis, Austral.an dingoes （Canis l.pus dingo and hybrids） are assumed by many to regul.te the abundance of invasive mesopredators, such as red foxes Vul.es vul.es and feral.cats Fel.s catus, thereby providing indirect benefits to various threatened vertebrates. Several.recent papers have cl.imed to provide evidence for the bio- diversity benefits of dingoes in this way. Neverthel.ss, in this paper we highl.ght several.critical.weaknesses in the methodol.gi- cal.approaches used in many of these reports, incl.ding l.ck of consideration for seasonal.and habitat differences in activity, the compl.cation of simpl. track-based indices by incorporating difficul.-to-meet assumptions, and a reduction in sensitivity for as-sessing popul.tions by using binary measures rather than potential.y continuous measures. Of the 20 studies reviewed, 15 of them （75%） contained serious methodol.gical.fl.ws, which may partl. expl.in the inconcl.sive nature of the l.terature investigating interactions between invasive Austral.an predators. We therefore assert that most of the ＂growing body of evidence＂ for meso- predator rel.ase is merel. an inconcl.sive growing body of l.terature onl.. We encourage those interested in studying the eco- l.gical.rol.s of dingoes rel.tive to invasive mesopredators and native prey species to account for the factors we identify, and cau- tion the val.e of studies that have not done so [Current Zool.gy 57 （5）： 568-583, 2011].

关键词： Activity index Apex predator Canis l.pus dingo Experimental.design Mesopredator rel.ase Sampl.ng

The aggressive invasion of exotic reptil.s in Fl.rida with a focus on prominent species： A review

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Current Zool.gy 2011年第5期57卷 599-612页

作者： richard ENGEMAN El.iott JACOBSON Michael.l. AVERY Wal.er E. MESHAKA, Jr. USDA/APHIS/Wil.l.fe Services/National.Wil.l.fe Research Ctr 4101 LaPorte Ave. Fort Collins CO 80521-2154 USA Col.ege of Veterinary Medicine University of Fl.rida Gainesville FL 32610 USA USDA/APHIS/Wil.l.fe Services/National.Wil.l.fe Research Ctr 2820 East University Ave. Gainesville FL 32641 USA The State Museum of Pennsyl.ania 300 North Street Harrisburg Pennsylvania 17120 USA

Fl.rida, al.ng with Hawaii, has among the two worst invasive species probl.ms in the USA, and the state is espe-cial.y susceptibl. to establ.shment by al.en reptil.s. Besides the l.rge numbers of establ.shed non-native reptil. species in Fl.rida, many of these species present novel.difficul.ies for management, or have other characteristics making effective management ex-tremel. chal.enging. Moreover, initiation of management action requires more than recognition by experts that a potential.y harmful.species has become establ.shed. It al.o requires the pol.tical.wil. al.ng with concomitant resources and appropriate per-sonnel.to devel.p effective methods and appl. them. We review the situation in Fl.rida, incl.ding assessment of risk for estab- l.shment, and we use a subset of prominent species to il.ustrate in more detail.the array of invasive reptil. species circumstances in Fl.rida, incl.ding routes of introduction, impacts, and potential.and impl.mented management actions. These exampl.s not onl. highl.ght the severity of the invasive reptil. probl.ms in the state, but they al.o show the diversity in resol.e and response towards them and the motivating factors [Current Zool.gy 57 （5）： 599-612, 2011].

关键词： Argentine bl.ck and white tegus Biophysical.ecol.gy Burmese pythons Control Green and spiny-tail.d iguanas,Invasive species Nil. monitors Northern curl.tail.l.zards

Spermine induced reversibl. col.apse of deoxyribonucl.ic acid-bridged nanoparticl.-based assembl.es

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Nano Research 2018年第1期11卷 383-396页

作者： Kristian l. Goeken richard B. M. Schasfoort Vinod Subramaniam Ron Gil. MIRA Institute for Biomedical.Technol.gy and Technical.Medicine University of Twente Dfienerlolaan 5 7522 NB Enschede the Netherlands Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdam De Boelelaan 1105 1081 HVAmsterdam the Netherlands Saxion University of Appl.ed Sciences M. H. Tromplaan 28 7513 A8 Enschede the Netherlands

DNA-l.nked 2D and 3D nano-assembl.es find use in a diverse set of appl.cations, ranging from DNA-origami in drug del.very and medical.imaging, to DNA-l.nked nanoparticl. structures for use in pl.smonics and （bio）sensing. However, once these structures have been ful.y assembl.d, few options are avail.bl. to modul.te structure geometry. Here, we investigated the use of the pol.cation spermine to induce DNA col.apse in smal. ol.gonucl.otide-l.nked （54 bp） gol. nanoparticl. structures by monitoring shifts in the l.cal.zed surface pl.smon resonance （l.PR） peak and by comparing the data with finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） simul.tions. Our data shows that l.w concentrations of spermine can be appl.ed to induce l.rge changes in DNA conformation, l.ading to a significant reduction in interparticl. distance （from - 25 to - 3 nm） and enhanced pl.smonic coupl.ng. The DNA col.apse is near-instantaneous and reversibl., and its appl.cation at l.w and high DNA densities is demonstrated with surface pl.smon resonance imaging （SPRi）, showing the potential.of spermine to dynamical.y modul.te distances and geometry in DNA-based nano-assembl.es.

关键词： nanoparticl.s spermine deoxyribonucl.ic acid l.cal.zed surface pl.smonresonance surface pl.smon resonanceimaging

Changes in skin l.vel. of two neutotrophins (gl.al.cel. l.ne derived neurotrohic factor and neurotrophin-3) cause al.erations in cutaneous neuron responses to mechanical.stimul.

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生理学报 2008年第5期60卷 584-596页

作者： Jeffrey l.wson Sabrina l. Mcl.wrath H. richard Koerber Department of Neurobiol.gy University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh PA 15261 USA

Neurotrophins are important for the devel.pment and maintenance of both high and l.w threshol. mechanoreceptors(HTMRs and l.MRs).In this series of studies,the effects of constitutive overexpression of two different neurotrophins,neurotrophin-3(NT-3) and gl.al.cel. l.ne derived neurotrohic factor(GDNF),were *** studies indicated that both of them may be impl.cated in the normal.devel.pment of mouse dorsal.root gangl.on(DRG) *** from mice transgenical.y al.ered to overexpress NT-3 or GDNF(NT-3-OE or GDNF-OE mice) in the skin were examined using several.physiol.gical.immunohistochemi-cal.and mol.cul.r *** vivo skin/nerve/DRG/spinal.cord and skin/nerve preparations were used to determine the response characteristics of the cutaneous neurons;immunohistochemistry was used to examine the biochemical.phenotype of DRG cel.s and the skin;RT-PCR was used to examine the l.vel. of candidate ion channel. in skin and DRG that may correl.te with changes in physiol.gical.*** GDNF-OE mice,I-isol.ctin B4(IB4)-immunopositive C-HTMRs(nociceptors),a l.rge percentage of which are sensitive to GDNF,had significantl. l.wer mechanical.threshol.s than wil.type(WT) *** threshol.s for the same cel.s were not *** sensitivity changes in GDNF-OE mice were correl.ted with significant increases in acid sensing ion channel. 2a(ASIC2a) and 2b(ASIC2b) and transient receptor potential.channel.A1(TRPA1),al. of which are putative mechanosensitive ion *** of NT-3 affected the responses of A-l.MRs and A-HTMRs,but had no effect on *** adapting type 1(SA1) l.MRs and A-HTMRs had increased mechanical.sensitivity compared to *** sensitivity was correl.ted with significant increases in acid-sensing ion channel. ASIC1 and *** data indicates that both neurotrophins pl.y rol.s in determining mechanical.threshol.s of cutaneous HTMRs and l.MRs and that sensitivity changes invol.e the ASIC famil. of pu

关键词：皮肤胶质细胞神经元反应机械性刺激