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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第6期13卷 895-900页

作者： Kim Huang Daphne Haas-Kogan Vivian Weinberg richard krieg Department of Radiation Oncology University of California San Francisco CA United States Comprehensive Cancer Center Biostatistics Core University of California San Francisco CA United States

AIM： To assess whether radiation dose and duration of treatment influence local control and survival of patients with locally advanced anal cancer treated with definitive chemoradiation. METHODS： Twenty-eight consecutive patients who were treated with definitive radiation therapy for bulky anal cancers （〉 5 cm in size） were reviewed. Nineteen patients had T3 lesions, 8 patients had T4 lesions, and 15 patients had lymph node involvement. The median tumor size was 7.5 cm. All but one patient received concurrent chemoradiation. The median radiation dose was 54 Gy. The median duration of treatment was 58 d. RESULTS： With a median follow-up of 2.5 years in all patients and 7.8 years in living patients, the 2-year local recurrence-free probability was 570 and overall survival rate was 67%. Neither radiation dose nor duration of treatment alone was predictive of either time to local failure or overall survival. However, longer treatment breaks can potentially mask an advantage over higher radiation doses. Therefore, we examined those patients who received ≥ 54 Gy within 60 d, comparing them to the rest of the patients. Of patients who received ≥54 Gy within 60 d, local progression-free probability was 890 versus 420 for the rest of the group （P = 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Local failure is a significant problem in locally advanced carcinomas of-the anal canal. Higher radiation doses with limited treatment breaks may offer an increase in local control and survival.

关键词： Anal carcinoma Locally advanced Chemoradiation

Upcycling of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics via electrocatalysis

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 535-561页

作者： Haoye Wang richard Lee Smith Jr Xinhua Qi College of Environmental Science and Engineering Nankai University Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University

Electrocatalysis offers efficient and targeted conversion of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics to chemical products under ambient temperature and pressure *** review provides analysis of research on electrochemical upgrading of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics published from2021 to *** for assessing upgrading of waste polyester plastics include alkaline hydrolysis pretreatment,indices of electrochemical reaction process(activity,stability,and techno-economic a nalysis),separation,and product *** of depolymerization monomers and their value-added products are summarized along with electrocatalytic mechanisms and reaction ***,cathode coupled reactions offer significant value for anodic waste plastic oxidation during electrolysis *** of bifunctional electrocatalysts can reduce the cost of coupled systems and complexity of the *** and recycling of waste plastic monomers using electrocatalytic technology should undergo downstream processing to form high-value products containing C-N and C-S derived functional groups obtained from depolymerized monomers,Electrochemical conversion and upgrading of monomers derived from waste polyester plastics can contribute to industrialization and global economies and help to realize environmental sustainability.

关键词： Coupling reaction Electrocatalysis Monomer Upgrade recycling Value-added products Waste plastics

Optimizing Pole Placement Strategies for a Higher-Order DC-DC Buck Converter: A Comprehensive Evaluation

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2025年第1期13卷 47-69页

作者： richard Tymerski Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland Oregon USA

This paper explores pole placement techniques for the 4th order C1 DC-to-DC Buck converter focusing on optimizing various performance metrics. Refinements were made to existing ITAE (Integral of Time-weighted Absolute Error) polynomials. Additionally, metrics such as IAE (Integral Absolute Error), ISE (Integral of Square Error), ITSE (Integral of Time Squared Error), a MaxMin metric as well as LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) were evaluated. PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) was employed for metric optimization. Time domain response to a step disturbance input was evaluated. The design which optimized the ISE metric proved to be the best performing, followed by IAE and MaxMin (with equivalent results) and then LQR.

关键词： DC-DC converter Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) Integral Absolute Error (IAE) Integral Square Error (ISE) Integral Time Squared Error (ITSE) Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)

LQR Discrete Time Control of a Buck Converter Using a Non-Minimal State Space Representation

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2025年第1期13卷 32-46页

作者： richard Tymerski Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Portland State University Portland Oregon USA

This paper presents an advanced control strategy for DC-DC buck converters utilizing Non-Minimal State Space (NMSS) representation combined with Proportional-Integral-Plus (PIP) control, optimized through Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) design. The proposed approach leverages NMSS to eliminate the need for state observers, enhancing robustness against model mismatch and improving overall system performance. The PIP controller extends traditional PI control by incorporating additional dynamic feedback. Experimental results demonstrate that the NMSS-PIP-LQR controlled buck converter achieves excellent dynamic performance. The design procedure is fully documented, and microcontroller implementation issues are discussed.

关键词： DC-DC Buck Converter Non-Minimal State Space (NMSS) Proportional-Integral-Plus (PIP) Control Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) F28069M Microcontroller

Physical and Chemical Properties and Plant Growth in an Engineered Soil Manufactured from Bauxite Residue, Green Waste Compost and Increasing Amounts of Sand

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2025年第1期15卷 70-83页

作者： Xinting Weng richard Haynes Yafeng Zhou School of Agriculture and Food Sustainability The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia

A new manufactured soil product (Turba) was produced using acidified bauxite residue into which 10% green waste compost had been incorporated. A laboratory/greenhouse experiment was carried out to determine if sand could be used as an ingredient or an amendment for Turba. Sand was added at rates of 0%, 5%, 10%, 25, 50% and 75% (w/w) in two different ways 1) by incorporating it into the Turba during its manufacture (IN) or 2) by mixing it with Turba aggregates after their manufacture (OUT). Incorporation of sand into Turba aggregates (IN) decreased the percentage of sample present as large aggregates (2 - 4 mm dia.) after crushing and sieving (<4 mm) and also reduced the stability of 2 - 4 mm dia. formed aggregates (to dry/wet sieving) and are therefore not recommended. In a 16-week greenhouse study, ryegrass shoot yields were greater in Turba than in sand [and decreased with increasing sand additions (OUT)] while root dry matter showed the opposite trend. The greater grass growth in Turba than sand was attributed to incipit water stress in plants grown in sand and this may have promoted greater allocation of assimilates to roots resulting in a greater root-to-top mass ratio. The much lower macroporosity in Turba coupled with the solid cemented nature of Turba aggregates resulted in production of thinner roots and therefore greater root length than in sand. Turba (manufactured from bauxite residue and compost added at 10% w/w) is a suitable medium for plant growth and there is no advantage in incorporating sand into, or with, the Turba aggregates.

关键词： Engineered Soil Manufactured Soil Bauxite Residue Optimized Bauxite Residue Sand Ryegrass Growth

Compound heterozygous mutation of AFG3L2 causes autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia through mitochondrial impairment and MICU1 mediated Ca2+overload

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2025年第2期68卷 484-501页

作者： Hongyu Li Qingwen Ma Yan Xue Linlin Cai Liwen Bao Lei Hong Yitao Zeng Shu-Zhen Huang richard H.Finnell Fanyi Zeng Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics Shanghai Children’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200040China Department of Histo-Embryology Genetics and Developmental BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Embryogenesis and Developmental Molecular Biology Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo and Reproduction EngineeringShanghai 200040China Center for Precision Environmental Health Baylor College of MedicineHouston 77030USA School of Pharmacy Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China

Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxias(SCARs)are one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases characterized by progressive *** SCARs are known to be caused by mutations in multiple genes,there are still many cases that go undiagnosed or are *** this study,we presented a SCAR patient,and identified a probable novel pathogenic mutation(c.1A>G,p.M1V)in the AFG3L2 start *** proband's genotype included heterozygous mutations of the compound AFG3L2(p.[M1V];[R632X](c.[1A>G];[1894.C>T])),which were inherited from the father(c.1A>G,p.M1V)and mother(c.1894C>T,p.R632X).Functional studies performed on hi PSCs(human induced pluripotent stem cells)generated from the patients and HEK293T cells showed that the mutations impair mitochondrial function and the unbalanced expression of AFG3L2 mRNA and protein ***,this novel mutation resulted in the degradation of the protein and the reduction of the stability of the AFG3L2 protein,and MCU(mitochondrial calcium uniporter)complex mediated Ca2+overload.

关键词： AFG3L2 gene autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia mitochondrial impairment Ca2+overload

Effect of 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded with OBA-MCP

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2025年第1期15卷 1-14页

作者： Nhi Le Hoda Rahimi richard D. Bloomstein Thomas J. Cangialosi Western Dental and Orthodontics San Jose USA Orthodontic Department Rutgers School of Dental Medicine Newark USA

Introduction: Bracket debonding is a frequent issue that clinicians encounter, leading to increased chair time, lost revenue, and material usage. In addition to patient compliance with their diet recommendations, the preparation and conditioning of teeth for bonding significantly influence bond strength and consequently impact orthodontic treatment success and efficiency. Because of OBA-MCP’s (orthodontic bonding adhesive with modified calcium phosphate) decreased shear bond strength (SBS), the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of conditioning with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) before etching in the bonding protocol. Materials and Methods: 90 extracted teeth were divided into 3 groups to be bonded with orthodontic brackets with different bonding protocols: 1) Transbond XT with regular bonding protocol (etch + prime + adhesive);2) OBA-MCP with regular bonding protocol;and 3) OBA-MCP with NaOCl prior to acid etching in the regular bonding protocol. SBS (in Newtons) were measured using an MTS universal testing machine with a custom jig to apply a vertical force onto the bracket and ARI (adhesive remnant index) scores were recorded for each sample after de-bond to rate the amount of adhesive remaining. Results: The addition of NaOCl to the bonding protocol statistically significantly increased the SBS of OBA-MCP to comparable levels to Transbond XT. The ARI scores showed that when NaOCl was added, more adhesive remained. Conclusion: The addition of NaOCl to the bonding protocol can increase the SBS of adhesives with historically weaker bond strengths. However, the increased amount of adhesive remaining and the increased time spent during bonding must be considered. Further testing can be done in vivo to demonstrate the practicality of this new procedure.

关键词： Shear Bond Strength Sodium Hypochlorite Orthodontic Brackets

Towards Net Zero Resilience: A Futuristic Architectural Strategy for Cyber-Attack Defence in Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT)

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第2期82卷 3619-3641页

作者： Hariharan Ramachandran richard Smith Kenny Awuson David Tawfik Al-Hadhrami Parag Acharya The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets(Ofgem) LondonE144PUUK School of Computer Science and Informatics Cyber Technology Institute De Montfort UniversityLeicesterLE19BHUK Computer Science Department School of Science and TechnologyNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG118NSUK

This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA framework integrates security by design principles, micro-segmentation, and Island Mode Operation (IMO) to enhance cyber resilience and ensure continuous, secure operations. The methodology deploys a Forward-Thinking Architecture Strategy (FTAS) algorithm, which utilises an industrial Intrusion Detection System (IDS) implemented with Python’s Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) library. The FTAS algorithm successfully identified and responded to cyber-attacks, ensuring minimal system disruption. ISERA has been validated through comprehensive testing scenarios simulating Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and malware intrusions, at both the IT and OT layers where it successfully mitigates the impact of malicious activity. Results demonstrate ISERA’s efficacy in real-time threat detection, containment, and incident response, thus ensuring the integrity and reliability of critical infrastructure systems. ISERA’s decentralised approach contributes to global net zero goals by optimising resource use and minimising environmental impact. By adopting a decentralised control architecture and leveraging virtualisation, ISERA significantly enhances the cyber resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure systems. This approach not only strengthens defences against evolving cyber threats but also optimises resource allocation, reducing the system’s carbon footprint. As a result, ISERA ensures the uninterrupted operation of essential services while contributing to broader net zero goals.

关键词： ICS/OT cyber Programmable Logic Controllers(PLC)security detection safety reliability proof testing gas compressor station ICS resilience security architecture ICS

Two texture zeros for Dirac neutrinos in a diagonal charged lepton basis

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第1期49卷 127-138页

作者： Yessica Lenis John D.Gómez William A.Ponce richard H.Benavides Instituto de Física Universidad de AntioquiaA.A.1226MedellínColombia Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y AplicadasCalle 73 N°76-354 via el voladorMedellínColombia

A systematic study of the neutrino mass matrix M_(v) with two texture zeros in a basis that the charged leptons are diagonal,and under the assumption that neutrinos are Dirac particles is *** study is conducted without any approximation,first analytically and then *** neutrino oscillation data is used in our *** implications of M_(v) on lepton CP violation and neutrino mass spectrum are explored.

关键词： neutrinos texture zeros Dirac particles

Factors Associated with Complications of Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis in Children

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2025年第1期14卷 57-67页

作者： Amadou Njifou Njimah Louise Mouangue-Mbonjo Patricia Epée Eboumbou Daniele-Christiane Kedy Mangamba Koum François Djomou Louis richard Njock Department of Surgery and Specialty Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon

Background: In children, acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is often complicated by ophthalmological and/or neurological involvement. These complications should be known and recognized, as they require urgent treatment with intravenous antibiotics and close in-hospital monitoring. In this study, we aimed to identify the main risk factors associated with the development of complications in children aged 2 - 17 years with ABRS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with ABRS complications in a primary hospital. Participants were divided into two groups: the control group comprising patients without complications (Group 1, n = 82) and the study group comprising patients with complications requiring hospitalization (Group 2, n = 41). We assessed the sociodemographic, clinical, and imaging data of both groups. Using multivariate logistic regression, we assessed risk factors of ABRS complications. Results: No socio-demographic characteristics were associated with ABRS complications (p ≥ 0.05). Factors associated with complications were delay in consultation (t = 5.282;p Conclusions: Intracranial and extracranial complications of ABRS in children have become rare in our setting. These complications can be serious and potentially fatal. Risk factors of these complications are delays in consultation, the presence of ophthalmological signs, and more than one affected sinus. Controlling modifiable factors would improve the treatment success of ABRS complications in children.

关键词： Rhinosinusitis Orbital Complications Endocranial Complications Imaging Children Surgery