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The Role of Synthetic Biology in Atmospheric Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Prospects and Challenges

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BioDesign Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1-8页

作者： Charles DeLisi Aristides Patrinos Michael MacCracken Dan Drell George Annas Adam Arkin George Church Robert Cook-Deegan Henry jacoby Mary Lidstrom jerry Melillo Ron Milo Keith Paustian john Reilly richard j.roberts Daniel Segrè Susan Solomon Dominic Woolf Stan D.Wullschleger Xiaohan Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering and Program in Bioinformatics College of EngineeringBoston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA The NOVIM Group Kohn HallUC Santa BarbaraCA 93106USA Climate Institute WashingtonDCUSA Department of Energy WashingtonDCUSA Center for Health Law Ethics&Human Rights at the Boston University School of Public HealthSchool of MedicineBoston UniversityUSA Department of Bioengineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley CAUSA Department of Genetics Harvard Medical SchoolCambridge MAUSA School for the Future of Innovation in Society Arizona State UniversityBarrett&O’Connor Washington Center1800 I StreetNWWashingtonDC 20006USA Sloan School of Management MITCambridge MAUSA Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattle WashingtonUSA The Ecosystems Center of the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole MAUSA Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins CO 80523USA MIT joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change MITCambridge MAUSA New England Biolabs Beverly MAUSA Department of Biology and Program in Bioinformatics Boston UniversityBoston MA 02215USA Department of Earth Atmospheric and Planetary SciencesMITCambridge MAUSA Soil and Crop Sciences Section School of Integrated Plant SciencesCornell UniversityIthaca NYUSA Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak Ridge TNUSA Biosciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA

The long atmospheric residence time of CO2 creates an urgent need to add atmospheric carbon drawdown to CO2 regulatory *** and systems biology(SSB),which enables manipulation of cellular phenotypes,offers a powerful approach to amplifying and adding new possibilities to current land management practices aimed at reducing atmospheric *** participants(in attendance:Christina Agapakis,George Annas,Adam Arkin,George Church,Robert Cook-Deegan,Charles DeLisi,Dan Drell,Sheldon Glashow,Steve Hamburg,Henry jacoby,Henry Kelly,Mark Kon,Todd Kuiken,Mary Lidstrom,Mike MacCracken,june Medford,jerry Melillo,Ron Milo,Pilar Ossorio,Ari Patrinos,Keith Paustian,Kristala jones Prather,Kent Redford,David Resnik,john Reilly,richard ***,Daniel Segre,Susan Solomon,Elizabeth Strychalski,Chris Voigt,Dominic Woolf,Stan Wullschleger,and Xiaohan Yang)identified a range of possibilities by which SSB might help reduce greenhouse gas concentrations and which might also contribute to environmental sustainability and *** include,among other possibilities,engineering plants to convert CO2 produced by respiration into a stable carbonate,designing plants with an increased root-to-shoot ratio,and creating plants with the ability to self-fertilize.A number of serious ecological and societal challenges must,however,be confronted and resolved before any such application can be fully assessed,realized,and deployed.

关键词： Synthetic roberts enable

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journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第3期12卷 414-422页

作者： joseph M.Bano Rebecca j.McAdams Kristin j.roberts jingzhen Yang Lara B.McKenzie Center for Injury Research and Policy Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH 43205USA Department of Pediatrics The Ohio State UniversityCollege of MedicineColumbusOH 43205USA Division of Epidemiology The Ohio State UniversityCollege of Public HealthColumbusOH 43210USA

Background:Lacrosse is one of the fastest-growing sports in the United *** rules regarding permitted contact differ by sex and *** are no known studies using a nationally representative data set to analyze lacrosse injury patterns over several years by sex and age in the youth ***:A retrospective analysis was performed using data from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System for youth aged 11-18 years who were treated for lacrosse-related injuries in *** departments from 2000 to *** on our review of the case narratives,we created and coded a new injury-mechanism *** generated national estimates from 6406 ***:An estimated 206,274 lacrosse-related injuries to youths aged 11-18 years were treated in *** departments from 2000 to *** rate of injuries per 10,000 significantly increased from 1.9 in 2000 to a peak of 5.3 in 2012(pjury mechanism,body part injured,and diagnosis differed by *** were 1.62 times(95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.25-2.09)more likely than girls to be injured by player-to-player *** were 2.21 times(95%CI:1.96-2.49)more likely than boys to have non-contact ***,as age increased,the percentage of injuries from lacrosse sticks decreased and player-toplayer contact ***:Despite additional protective regulations in the sport,lacrosse is an important source of injury where we continue to see differences by sex and *** study supports the continuation,modification,and addition of rules aimed at reducing lacrosse injury risk.

关键词： Lacrosse National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Sex differences Youth injuries

Appraisal of the current guidelines for management of cholangiocarcinoma-using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation Ⅱ (AGREE Ⅱ) Instrument

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 126-135,中插1页

作者： Paschalis Gavriilidis Alan Askari Keith j.roberts Robert P.Sutcliffe Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary and Liver Transplant Surgery Queen Elizabeth University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK Department of Upper Gastro-Intestinal Surgery West Hertfordshire Hospitals NHS TrustWatfordUK

Cholangiocarcinoma(CC)is the second most common primary liver ***-quality guidelines are essential for effective patient stratification and individualised *** study aimed to appraise the methodological quality of existing guidelines for the resection of CC using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research&Evaluation(AGREE II)instrument.A systematic search of the literature in Cochrane,PubMed,Google Scholar,and Embase was *** of the clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)and consensuses was performed using the AGREE II instrument by four clinicians experienced in surgical practice and the AGREE II appraisal *** searches identified 13 guidelines of highly variable quality according to the AGREE II *** guidelines scored well in certain domains such as scope&purpose(median score across all guidelines;65%),clarity of presentation(76%),and editorial independence(56%).However,they scored poorly for applicability(13%),rigour of development(30%),and stakeholder involvement(39%).None of the 13 guidelines was recommended universally for use without ***,the methodological quality of guidelines on the surgical management of CC is *** updates should address and modify shortcomings detected by the AGREE II instrument,thereby facilitating better patient stratification and individualised treatment strategies.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma(CC) clinical practice guidelines(CPGs) Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation instrument(AGREE II instrument)

Inheritance and allelism of morphological traits in eastern redbud (Cercis canadensis L.)

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Horticulture Research 2015年第1期2卷 73-83页

作者： David j.roberts Dennis j.Werner Phillip A.Wadl Robert N.Trigiano Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State UniversityBox 7609Raleigh27695-7609NCUSA Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology University of Tennessee2505 E.J.Chapman Dr.370 Plant Biotechnology Bldg.Knoxville37996TNUSA

Inheritance of purple,gold,and variegated foliage types,weeping architecture,and double flower was explored in F1,F2,and backcross families resulting from controlled hybridization of eastern redbud(Cercis canadensis L.).Potential allelic relationships were explored when *** analysis in families derived from controlled hybridization of‘Covey’(green leaf)and‘Forest Pansy’(purple leaf)suggest that purple leaf color and weeping architecture are both controlled by single recessive genes,for which the symbols pl1 and wp1 are proposed,*** of gold leaf was explored in families of‘Covey’(green leaf)×‘Hearts of Gold’(gold leaf).Interpretation of inheritance of gold leaf in these families was confounded by the recovery of a leaf color phenotype in the F2 family unlike either ***,data suggested the action of a single locus controlling gold leaf color in‘Hearts of Gold’,and that instability of gold leaf expression may be based on transposable element *** of gold leaf in the F2 families of‘Texas White’[green leaf(*** ***)]×‘jN2’[gold leaf(The Rising Sun)]did not fit a Mendelian *** of progeny of‘Silver Cloud’and‘Floating Clouds’(both showing white/green leaf variegation)with non-variegated cultivars demonstrated that variegation in‘Silver Cloud’is controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene,while variegation in‘Floating Clouds’is controlled by cytoplasmic *** symbol var1 is proposed for the gene controlling variegation in‘Silver Cloud’.Double flower in progeny derived from‘Flame’(double flower)suggested that double flower is dominant to single flower,and that‘Flame’is heterozygous at the double-flower locus,for which the symbol Df1 is *** studies showed that the gene controlling purple leaf in‘Forest Pansy’is allelic to the purple leaf gene in‘Greswan’and that the gene controlling weeping phenotype in‘Traveller’(*** ***)is non-allelic to the wee

关键词： Inheritance Silver symbol

Clostridium novyi-NT in cancer therapy

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Genes & Diseases 2016年第2期3卷 144-152页

作者： Verena Staedtke Nicholas j.roberts Ren-Yuan Bai Shibin Zhou Ludwig Center for Cancer Genetics and Therapeutics The Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Cancer CenterBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Neurology The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutesBaltimoreMD 21231USA Department of Pathology Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research CenterJohns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMD 21231USA Department of Neurosurgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutesBaltimoreMD 21231USA

The attenuated anaerobic bacterium Clostridium novyi-NT(***-NT)is known for its ability to precisely germinate in and eradicate treatment-resistant hypoxic tumors in various experimental animal models and spontaneously occurring canine *** this article,we review the therapeutic and toxicologic aspects of ***-NT therapy,key challenges and limitations,and promising strategies to optimize its performance via recombinant DNA technology and immunotherapeutic approaches,to establish ***-NT as an essential tool in cancer therapy.

关键词： Bacteria Bacterial cancer therapy Cancer Clostridium Clostridium novyi-NT Hypoxia Immunotherapy

Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

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Asian journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： Andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq Nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew j.roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Objective:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management ***:A systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was ***,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between january 2000 and December 2019,were ***-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** were collated and analyzed with univariate ***:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 *** symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting *** calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment *** in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

Increased proliferation activity measured by immunoreactive Ki67 is associated with survival improvement in rectal/recto sigmoid cancer

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第21期11卷 3245-3249页

作者： Eeva Salminen Salla Palmu Tero Vahlberg Peter j.roberts Karl-Owe S(o|¨)derstr(o|¨)m Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy Turku University Hospital 20510 Turku Finland Department of Biostatistics University of Turku 20510 TurkuFinland Department of Surgery Turku University Hospital 20510 Turku Finland Department of Pathology Turku University Hospital 20510 TurkuFinland

AIM: To assess the expression of Ki67 as prognosticator in rectal/recto sigmoid ***: Samples from 146 patients with rectal and recto sigmoid cancer were studied for expression of Ki67 and its prognostic significance in comparison with clinicopathological predictors of survival. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 6 (4.1%) patients with T1, 26 (17.8%) with T2, 94 (64.4%) with T3, and 20 (13.7%) with T4 tumors were studied. Ki67 expression was determined immunohistochemically. Samples were divided according to mean value into high (＞40%) and low (≤40%) expression. Areas of extensive proliferation (＞50%) were defined as 'hot spot' areas. RESULTS: Hot spot areas were present in samples regardless of histopathological grade. Lower TNM and Dukes stage and higher expression of Ki67 and presence of Ki67 hot spot areas in histopathological samples were associated with better survival, whereas no association was observed with histopathological grade (P = 0.78). In Cox multivariate regression analysis, significant prognostic factors were Dukes stage (P＜0.001), presence of lymph node metastases (P = 0.015), age (P = 0.035) andpresence of Ki67 hot spot areas (P = 0.044). CONCLUSION: Proliferative activity as measured by Ki67 in rectal cancer is associated with survival improvement compared with patients with low Ki67. Areas of prognostically significant increased proliferation were found independently of histopathological tumor grade.

关键词： Rectal cancer Stage Grade Proliferative activity Ki67

Distinct risk factors for early and late blood transfusion following pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第4期17卷 349-357页

作者： Sukhchain S.Bansal james Hodson Khalid Khalil Bobby Dasari Ravi Marudanayagam Robert P.Sutcliffe john Isaac Keith j.roberts Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamUniversity Hospitals Birmingham Institute of Translational Medicine Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamUniversity Hospitals Birmingham

Background: The International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery(ISGPS) has defined two periods of postpancreatectomy hemorrhage, early(24 h). A previously published Blood Usage Risk Score(BURS) aimed to predict early and late blood transfusion. The primary aim of this study was to define risk factors for early and late blood transfusion after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Secondary aims were to assess the predictive accuracy of the ***: In this retrospective observational study, multivariable analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for both early and late blood transfusion. The predictive ability of the BURS was then assessed using a receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve ***: Among 628 patients, 99(15.8%) and 144(22.9%) received early and late blood transfusion, respectively. Risk factors for blood transfusion differed between early and late periods. Preoperative anemia and venous resection were associated with early blood transfusion whilst Whipple’s resection(as opposed to pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy), lack of biliary stent and a narrow pancreatic duct were predictors of late blood transfusion. The BURS was significantly predictive of early blood transfusion,albeit with a modest degree of accuracy(AUROC: 0.700, P < 0.001), but not of late blood transfusion(AUROC: 0.525, P = 0.360). Late blood transfusion was independently associated with increasing severity of postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)(OR: 1.85, 3.18 and 9.97 for biochemical, types B and C POPF,respectively, relative to no POPF).Conclusions: Two largely different sets of variables are related to early and late blood transfusion following pancreaticoduodenectomy. The BURS was significantly associated with early, albeit with modest predictive accuracy, but not late blood transfusion. An understanding of POPF risk allows assessment of the need for late blood transfusion.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Blood transfusion Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Efficacy of combined cataract extraction and endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation for the reduction of intraocular pressure and medication burden

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2016年第5期9卷 693-698页

作者： Sammie j.roberts Matthew Mulvahill jeffrey R.SooHoo Mina B.Pantcheva Malik Y.Kahook Leonard K.Seibold Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical Campus Department of Biostatistics University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical Campus

AIM： To report on the efficacy of combined endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation（ECP） and phacoemulsification cataract extraction（PCE） with intraocular lens placement for reduction of intraocular pressure（IOP） and medication burden in glaucoma.·METHODS： A retrospective case review of 91 eyes（73patients） with glaucoma and cataract that underwent combined PCE/ECP surgery was performed. Baseline demographic and ocular characteristics were recorded,as well as intraocular pressure, number of glaucoma medications, and visual acuity postoperatively with 12-month follow-up. Treatment failure was defined as less than 20% reduction in IOP from baseline on two consecutive visits（at 1, 3, 6, or 12 mo postoperatively）,IOP ≥21 mm Hg or ≤5 mm Hg on two consecutive visits, or additional glaucoma surgery performed within12 mo after PCE/ECP.·RESULTS： Overall, mean medicated IOP was reduced from 16.65 mm Hg at baseline to 13.38 mm Hg at 12mo（P 0.0001）. Mean number of glaucoma medications was reduced from 1.88 medications at baseline to 1.48 medications at 12mo（P =0.0003）. At 3mo postoperatively,the success rate was 73.6%（95%CI： 63.3, 81.5）, 57.1% at6mo（95% CI： 46.3, 66.6）, and 49.7% at 12mo（95% CI：38.9, 59.6）. Patient demographic characteristics were not associated with treatment success. The only ocular characteristic associated with treatment success was a higher baseline IOP.· CONCLUSION： Combined PCE/ECP surgery is an effective surgical option for the reduction of IOP and medication burden in glaucoma patients. Patients withhigher baseline IOP levels are most likely to benefit from this procedure.

关键词： endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation glaucoma cataract extraction