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Mitogenomes of historical type specimens unravel the taxonomy of sportive lemurs(Lepilemur spp.)in Northwest Madagascar

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Zoological Research 2021年第4期42卷 428-432页

作者： Christian Roos Roberto Portela Miguez richard Sabin Edward E.Louis jr Michael Hofreiter Dietmar Zinner Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Natural History Museum London SW7 BDUK Center for Conservation and Research Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and AquariumOmahaNebraska 68107USA Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Cognitive Ethology Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition Goettingen 37077Germany Department of Primate Cognition Georg-August-UniversityGoettingen 37083Germany

Accurate information on name-bearing types,including corresponding type localities,is essential for proper ***,such geographic information is often missing or *** localities of type specimens collected 100–200 years ago can be difficult to trace due to changes in local names or simple *** a case can be found for the gray-backed sportive lemur(Lepilemur dorsalis),with its type locality imprecisely fixed as Northwest *** recent years,eight species have been newly described for the Inter-River-Systems(IRSs)of this region,however the designation of *** remains controversial due to a lack of a precise type ***,we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)of type specimens of *** and ***,which is currently recognized as a synonym of *** and compared their sequences with those of samples of known provenance from different *** showed that the two type specimens of *** and *** had identical mitogenome sequences and clustered closely with samples collected in IRS V,indicating that the type locality could be fixed to IRS ***,*** occurs in IRS V,and *** and *** are junior synonyms of *** finding demonstrates the value of type specimens for clarifying phylogeographic and taxonomic questions and clarifies the taxonomy of sportive lemurs in Northwest Madagascar.

关键词： precise identical finding

Effectiveness and Safety of 9-Month Treatment Regimen for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Philippines

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journal of Tuberculosis Research 2022年第2期10卷 75-86页

作者： Vivian S. Lofranco Vincent M. Balanag jr Lawrence O. Raymond noel G. Macalalad Alex Golubkov Mary Rosary T. Santiago Anna Marie Celina G. Garfin National Center for Pulmonary Research-Lung Center of the Philippines Quezon City Philippines National TB Reference Laboratory-Research Institute for Tropical Medicine Muntinlupa City Philippines Global Health Bureau Infectious Diseases Office TB Division U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Washington USA Disease Prevention and Control-Department of Health Manila Philippines

Background: The Philippines has a burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). One of the key challenges in the programmatic management of DR-TB (PMDT) is the high rate of loss to follow-up (38% in the 2010 cohort). An urgent need for a shorter, more tolerable, less expensive treatment regimen exists. The aim of the operational study is to determine the efficacy and safety of the short treatment regimen among drug resistant TB. Methods: This is a prospective single-arm cohort study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of a shorter 9 - 11-month treatment regimen (9MTR) for rifampicin-resistant/multi-drug resistant TB (RR/MDR-TB) in 10 PMDT facilities. All eligible consenting adult patients with rifampicin-resistant TB were enrolled and received the standardized 9-month treatment regimen (9MTR), including injectables, with a follow-up after 12 months of treatment completion. Results: A total of 329 patients were enrolled from july 2015 to December 2016. At the 6th month post-enrollment, 256 (77.8%) of them had culture-negative test results. The end-of-treatment success rate was 74.1% (224 [68.0%] were cured and 20 [6.1%] completed the treatment). On the other hand, 10 (3.0%) died, 41 (12.5%) lost to follow-up, 33 (10.0%) withdrawn, 1 (0.3%) treatment failure. In the 12th month after 9MTR completion, among the 244 patients with successful treatment, 198 (81.1%) had culture-negative results, while there were 46 patients whose culture tests were not done. One patient developed TB relapse with fluoroquinolone resistance. The majority of the adverse events were mild that occurred mostly during the first 6 months of treatment. Conclusion: The 9-month treatment regimen had a high treatment success rate with a favorable safety profile. The loss to follow-up was reduced;however, it was still a challenge. The introduction of the 9MTR via operational research had a major impact on building national capacity and infrastructure for the programmatic adoption of a new regimen.

关键词： MDR-TB Short Treatment Regimen Treatment Outcomes Prospective Studies

C-H…X-C bonds in alkyl halides drive reverse selectivities in confined spaces

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2023年第5期34卷 237-240页

作者： Manuel Petroselli Yong-Qing Chen Ming-Kai Zhao julius Rebek jr. Yang Yu Center for Supramolecular Chemistry and Catalysis and Department of Chemistry College of ScienceShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA 92037United States

Binding of non-activated alkyl halides(2-20)in water-soluble cavitand(1)through supramolecular forces is here reported,with emphasis on the role of size and polarizability of the halogen atom in the formation of intra... 详细信息

关键词： Water-soluble cavitand Host-guest complex Molecular recognition C-H hydrogen bond Alkyl halides

Effects of a regenerating matrix on the survival of birds in tropical forest fragments

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 16-24页

作者： jared D.Wolfe Philip C.Stouffer richard O.Bierregaard jr David A.Luther Thomas E.Lovejoy College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazoiaManaus 69011Brazil College of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Biology Department George Mason University4400 University Drive MS3EFairfaxVA 22030USA

Background: Vast areas of lowland neotropical forest have regenerated after initially being cleared for agricultural purposes. The ecological value of regenerating second growth to forest-dwelling birds may largely depend on the age of the forest, associated vegetative structure, and when it is capable of sustaining avian demographics similar to those found in pristine ***: To determine the influence of second growth age on bird demography, we estimated the annual survival of six central Amazonian bird species residing in pristine forest, a single 100 and a single 10 ha forest fragment, taking into consideration age of the surrounding matrix(i.e. regenerating forest adjacent to each fragment) as an explanatory ***: Study species exhibited three responses: arboreal, flocking and ant-following insectivores(Willisornis poecilinotus, Thamnomanes ardesiacus and Pithys albifrons) showed declines in survival associated with fragmentation followed by an increase in survival after 5 years of matrix regeneration. Conversely, Percnostola rufifrons, a gap-specialist, showed elevated survival in response to fragmentation followed by a decline after 5 years of regeneration. Lastly, facultative flocking and frugivore species(Glyphorynchus spirurus and Dixiphia pipra, respectively) showed no response to adjacent clearing and subsequent ***: Our results in association with previous studies confirm that the value of regenerating forest surrounding habitat patches is dependent on two factors: ecological guild of the species in question and second growth age. Given the rapid increase in survival following succession, we suggest that the ecological value of young tropical forest should not be based solely on a contemporary snapshot, but rather, on the future value of mature second growth as well.

关键词： Amazon fragmentation Brazil Matrix Second growth Survival Tropical bird

The HIF-1α/PLOD2 axis integrates extracellular matrix organization and cell metabolism leading to aberrant musculoskeletal repair

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Bone Research 2024年第2期12卷 289-301页

作者： Heeseog Kang Amy L.Strong Yuxiao Sun Lei Guo Conan juan Alec C.Bancroft ji Hae Choi Chase A.Pagani Aysel A.Fernandes Michael Woodard juhoon Lee Sowmya Ramesh Aaron W.james David Hudson Kevin N.Dalby Lin Xu Robert j.Tower Benjamin Levi Center for Organogenesis Regeneration and TraumaDepartment of SurgeryUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Section of Plastic Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Quantitative Biomedical Research Center Peter O’Donnell Jr.School of Public HealthUniversity of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75390USA Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195USA Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry College of PharmacyUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21218USA

While hypoxic signaling has been shown to play a role in many cellular processes,its role in metabolism-linked extracellular matrix(ECM)organization and downstream processes of cell fate after musculoskeletal injury remains to be ***(HO)is a debilitating condition where abnormal bone formation occurs within extra-skeletal *** andhypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α)activation have been shown to promote ***,the underlying molecular mechanisms bywhich the HIF-1αpathway in mesenchymal progenitor cells(MPCs)contributes to pathologic bone formation remain to ***,we used a proven mouse injury-induced HO model to investigate the role of HIF-1αon aberrant cell ***-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)and spatial transcriptomics analyses of the HO site,we found that collagen ECM organizationis the most highly up-regulated biological process in *** mesenchymal cell-specific deletion of Hif1α(Hoxa11-CreER^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl))significantly mitigated HO in ***-seq analysis of these Hoxa11-CreER^(T2);Hif1a^(fl/fl)mice identified the PLOD2/LOXpathway for collagen cross-linking as downstream of the HIF-1αregulation of ***,our scRNA-seq data and mechanisticstudies further uncovered that glucose metabolism in MPCs is most highly impacted by HIF-1α*** a translational aspect,a pan-LOX inhibitor significantly decreased HO.A newly screened compound revealed that the inhibition of PLOD2 activity in MPCssignificantly decreased osteogenic differentiation and glycolytic *** suggests that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX axis linked tometabolism regulates HO-forming MPC *** results suggest that the HIF-1α/PLOD2/LOX pathway represents a promisingstrategy to mitigate HO formation.

关键词： metabolism skeletal aberrant

Analyses of plasma reactive sputter deposition of CN_x films by OES

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第21期42卷 1792-1795页

作者： Zhao, j Kang, N Wang, jG Wang, RY Xu, jr Chinese Acad Sci Inst Phys Lab Opt Phys Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

OPTICAL emission spectroscopy (OES) is generally used in diagnosis on the various plasma filmdeposition processes to understand the mechanism of film growth. However, although the de-position precursors have been predicted such as CN radicals and nitrogen atoms, up tonow no diagnostic work on CN_x film deposition process, as we know, has been reported *** previously reported research work, the properties of CN_x film display some obvious dif-ference. For instance, some CN_x films have extreme mechanical properties with hardness

关键词： carbon nitride fiim optical emission spectras optical gap.

Paleoecological Response of Corals to the End-Triassic Mass Extinction： An Integrational Analysis

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journal of Earth Science 2018年第4期29卷 879-885页

作者： George D Stanley jr Hannah M E Shepherd Autumn j Robinson University of Montana Paleontology Center Missoula MT 59812 USA

The end-Triassic （also Triassic-jurassic） mass extinction severely affected life on planet Earth 200 million years ago. Paleoclimate change triggered by the volcanic eruptions of the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province （CAMP） caused a great loss of marine biodiversity, among which 96% coral genera were get lost. However, there is precious little detail on the paleoecology and growth forms lost between the latest Triassic extinction and the Early jurassic recovery. Here a new pilot study was conducted by analyzing corallite integration levels among corals from the latest Triassic and Early jurassic times. Integration levels in corals from the Late Triassic and Early jurassic were determined through both the Paleobiology Database as well as from a comprehensive museum collection of fossil corals. Results suggest that in addition to a major loss of diversity following the end-Triassic mass extinction, there also was a significant loss of highly integrated corals as clearly evidenced by the coral data from the Early jurassic. This confirms our hypothesis of paleoecological selectivity for corals following the end-Triassic mass extinction. This study highlights the importance of assigning sim- ple to advanced paleoecological characters with integration levels, which opens a useful approach to understanding of mass extinction and the dynamics of the recovery.

关键词： coral loss integration level end-Triassic mass extinction paleoecology

The Electrochemical Investigation of MEH-PPV in Ionic Liquid

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2000年第10期11卷 919-920页

作者： Yang, CH He, GF Zheng, jr Qiao, j Li, YF Chinese Acad Sci Inst Chem Ctr Mol Sci Lab Organ Solids Beijing 100080 Peoples R China

The electrochemical properties of MEH-PPV were: studied in ionic liquid([bmim](+)[PF6](-)) by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and AC impedance measurements. Both p- and n-doping of MEH-PPV were observed in the cyclic voltammograms, The chronoamperometric and AC impedance results indicate that the p-doping of MEH-PPV was controlled by the linear diffusion of counterions.

关键词： MEH-PPV electrochemistry ionic liquid

Effect of lymphotoxin blockage on different stages of Sjogren's syndrome in an animal model

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2022年第2期2卷 76-81页

作者： Alexander jacob Long Shen jing He Kelly Nealon jessy j.Alexander julian L.Ambrus jr Department of Medicine SUNY at Buffalo School of MedicineBuffaloNew YorkUSA Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Peking University People's HospitalBeijingChina

Background:Lymphotoxin(LT)is an important mediator in Sjogren's syndrome(SS),both in patients and in animal *** of the LT alpha gene prevented the development of disease manifestations in the interelukin alpha transgenic mouse(IL14αTG)mouse model of ***:The current study was designed to evaluate the use of LT inhibitors at different stages of the disease in IL14αTG *** and Methods:IL14αTG mice were treated with anti‐LTa monoclonal antibody,LTb receptor‐immunoglobulin fusion protein(LTBR‐Ig)or isotype control during different stages of disease and analysis of salivary gland function,immunoglobulins,autoantibodies and histology of internal organs *** and Discussion:The inhibitors were very effective in maintaining salivary gland function and preventing infiltration of the glands with lymphocytes when used in the early stages of the *** LT at later stages of the disease did not recover salivary gland function but was still effective in limiting extra glandular manifestations including eye disease and tumor *** differences were noted in the effectiveness of anti‐LTαversus LTBR‐Ig in limiting particular disease ***:LT inhibitors deserve further investigation in the management of SS at whatever stage is identified.

关键词： animal model lymphotoxin Sjogren's syndrome