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Reappraising the P-T evolution of the Rogaland-Vest Agder Sector,southwestern Norway

Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第1期8卷 1-14页

作者： eleanore Blereau Tim e.Johnson Chris Clark richard J.M.Taylor Peter D.Kinny Martin Hand Department of Applied Geology The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)Curtin University Centre for Tectonics Resources and Exploration(TRaX)School of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Adelaide

The Rogaland-Vest Agder Sector of southwestern Norway comprises high-grade metamorphic rocks intruded by voluminous plutonic bodies that include the ~1000 km^2 Rogaland Igneous Complex（RIC）.New petrographic observations and thermodynamic phase equilibria modelling of three metapelitic samples collected at various distances（30 km,10 km and ~ 10 m） from one of the main bodies of RIC anorthosite were undertaken to assess two alternative P-T-t models for the metamorphic evolution of the *** results are consistent with a revised two-phase *** metamorphism followed a clockwise P-T path reaching peak conditions of ~ 850-950 ℃ and ~7-8 kbar at ~1035 Ma followed by high-temperature decompression to ~5 kbar at ~950 Ma,and resulted in extensive anatexis and melt loss to produce highly residual *** emplacement of the RIC at ~930 Ma caused regional-scale contact metamorphism that affected country rocks 10 km or more from their contact with the *** thermal overprint is expressed in the sample proximal to the anorthosite by replacement of sillimanite by coarse intergrowths of cordierite plus spinel and growth of a second generation of garnet,and in the intermediate（10 km） sample by replacement of sapphirine by coarse intergrowths of cordierite,spinel and *** formation of late biotite in the intermediate sample may suggest the rocks retained small quantities of melt produced by regional metamorphism and remained at temperatures above the solidus for up to 100 *** results are more consistent with an accretionary rather than a collisional model for the Sveconorwegian Orogen.

关键词： UHTPhase equilibria modellingRogaland Igneous ComplexTHeRMOCALCSveconorwegian Orogen

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electro-oxidation of hydrazine shows marcusian electron transfer kinetics

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Science China Chemistry 2021年第2期64卷 322-329页

作者： Ruiyang Miao Lifu Chen richard G Compton Department of Chemistry Physical and Theoretical Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX13QZUK

Although hydrazine(N2 H4) oxidation in an electrochemical environment has been of great interest for years,its intrinsic electron transfer kinetics remain *** report that the phenomenological Butler-Volmer(BV) theory is not appropriate for interpreting the process of hydrazine oxidation for which an astonishingly wide range of transfer coefficients,Tafel slopes and diffusion coefficient have been previously *** Tafel analysis for voltammetry recorded at Glassy Carbon(GC)electrodes reveals a strong potential dependence of the anodic transfer coefficient,consistent with the symmetric Marcus-Hush(sMH) *** to the relationship β=λ+Fef^0/2λ-F/2λ e,the reorganization energy(0.35±0.07 eV) and an approximate formal potential of the rate-determining first electron transfer were successfully extracted from the voltammetric responses.

关键词： hydrazine electrode kinetics transfer coefficient Butler-Volmer theory Marcus-Hush theory

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Mitogenomes of historical type specimens unravel the taxonomy of sportive lemurs(Lepilemur spp.)in Northwest Madagascar

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Zoological Research 2021年第4期42卷 428-432页

作者： Christian Roos Roberto Portela Miguez richard Sabin edward e.Louis Jr Michael Hofreiter Dietmar Zinner Gene Bank of Primates and Primate Genetics Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Natural History Museum London SW7 BDUK Center for Conservation and Research Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo and AquariumOmahaNebraska 68107USA Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Cognitive ethology Laboratory German Primate CenterLeibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingen 37077Germany Leibniz Science Campus Primate Cognition Goettingen 37077Germany Department of Primate Cognition Georg-August-UniversityGoettingen 37083Germany

Accurate information on name-bearing types,including corresponding type localities,is essential for proper ***,such geographic information is often missing or *** localities of type specimens collected 100–200 years ago can be difficult to trace due to changes in local names or simple *** a case can be found for the gray-backed sportive lemur(Lepilemur dorsalis),with its type locality imprecisely fixed as Northwest *** recent years,eight species have been newly described for the Inter-River-Systems(IRSs)of this region,however the designation of *** remains controversial due to a lack of a precise type ***,we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genomes(mitogenomes)of type specimens of *** and ***,which is currently recognized as a synonym of *** and compared their sequences with those of samples of known provenance from different *** showed that the two type specimens of *** and *** had identical mitogenome sequences and clustered closely with samples collected in IRS V,indicating that the type locality could be fixed to IRS ***,*** occurs in IRS V,and *** and *** are junior synonyms of *** finding demonstrates the value of type specimens for clarifying phylogeographic and taxonomic questions and clarifies the taxonomy of sportive lemurs in Northwest Madagascar.

关键词： precise identical finding

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Relating environmental variables with aquatic community structure in an agricultural/urban coldwater stream

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ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 481-499页

作者： Daniel T.L.Myers richard R.Rediske James N.McNair Aaron D.Parker e.Wendy Ogilvie Annis Water Resources Institute Grand Valley State University740 W Shoreline DriveMuskegonMI 49401USA. Michigan Department of environment Great Lakesand Energy525 W Allegan StreetLansingMI 48909USA. Grand Valley Metropolitan Council 678 Front Avenue NWSuite 200Grand RapidsMI 49504USA.

Background:Urban areas are often built along large rivers and surrounded by agricultural *** may lead to small tributary streams that have agricultural headwaters and urbanized lower *** study objectives assessed are as follows:(1)landscape,geomorphic,and water quality variables that best explained variation in aquatic communities and their integrity in a stream system following this agricultural-to-urban land use gradient;(2)ways this land use gradient caused aquatic communities to differ from what would be expected for an idealized natural stream or other longitudinal gradients;and(3)whether the impacts of this land use gradient on aquatic communities would grow larger in a downstream direction through the agricultural and urban *** study area was an impaired coldwater stream in Michigan,***:Many factors structured the biological communities along the agricultural-to-urban land use *** woody debris had the strongest relationship with ePT(ephemeroptera,Plecoptera,and Trichoptera)abundance and richness and were most common in the lower,urbanized *** streambed substrate had the strongest relationship with Diptera taxa and surface air breather macroinvertebrates and was dominant in agricultural *** community assemblage was influenced largely by stream flow and temperature regimes,while poor fish community integrity in lower urban reaches could be impacted by geomorphology and episodic urban pollution *** macroinvertebrates were most abundant in deforested,first-order agricultural headwaters,while ePT macroinvertebrate richness was the highest downstream of agricultural areas within the urban zone that had extensive forest ***:environmental variables and aquatic communities would often not conform with what we would expect from an idealized natural *** richness improved downstream of agricultural *** shows promise for the recovery of aquatic systems using we

关键词： Land use Habitat Stream Fish Macroinvertebrate Gradient

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effects of a regenerating matrix on the survival of birds in tropical forest fragments

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 16-24页

作者： Jared D.Wolfe Philip C.Stouffer richard O.Bierregaard Jr David A.Luther Thomas e.Lovejoy College of Forest Resources and environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazoiaManaus 69011Brazil College of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Biology Department George Mason University4400 University Drive MS3EFairfaxVA 22030USA

Background: Vast areas of lowland neotropical forest have regenerated after initially being cleared for agricultural purposes. The ecological value of regenerating second growth to forest-dwelling birds may largely depend on the age of the forest, associated vegetative structure, and when it is capable of sustaining avian demographics similar to those found in pristine ***: To determine the influence of second growth age on bird demography, we estimated the annual survival of six central Amazonian bird species residing in pristine forest, a single 100 and a single 10 ha forest fragment, taking into consideration age of the surrounding matrix(i.e. regenerating forest adjacent to each fragment) as an explanatory ***: Study species exhibited three responses: arboreal, flocking and ant-following insectivores(Willisornis poecilinotus, Thamnomanes ardesiacus and Pithys albifrons) showed declines in survival associated with fragmentation followed by an increase in survival after 5 years of matrix regeneration. Conversely, Percnostola rufifrons, a gap-specialist, showed elevated survival in response to fragmentation followed by a decline after 5 years of regeneration. Lastly, facultative flocking and frugivore species(Glyphorynchus spirurus and Dixiphia pipra, respectively) showed no response to adjacent clearing and subsequent ***: Our results in association with previous studies confirm that the value of regenerating forest surrounding habitat patches is dependent on two factors: ecological guild of the species in question and second growth age. Given the rapid increase in survival following succession, we suggest that the ecological value of young tropical forest should not be based solely on a contemporary snapshot, but rather, on the future value of mature second growth as well.

关键词： Amazon fragmentation Brazil Matrix Second growth Survival Tropical bird

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Hepatitis C virus infection and apoptosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第36期13卷 4865-4872页

作者： richard Fischer Thomas Baumert Hubert e Blum Department of InternalMedicine II University of Freiburg Germany Inserm U748 Service d’Hépatogastro-entérologie Hpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg Strasbourg France

Apoptosis is central for the control and elimination of viral infections. In chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, enhanced hepatocyte apoptosis and upregulation of the death inducing ligands CD95/Fas, TRAIL and TNFα occur. Nevertheless, HCV infection persists in the majority of patients. The impact of apoptosis in chronic HCV infection is not well understood. It may be harmful by triggering liver fibrosis, or essential in interferon (IFN) induced HCV elimination. For virtually all HCV proteins, pro- and anti-apoptotic effects have been described, especially for the core and NS5A protein. To date, it is not known which HCV protein affects apoptosis in vivo and whether the infectious virions act pro- or anti- apoptotic. With the availability of an infectious tissue culture system, we now can address pathophysiologically relevant issues. This review focuses on the effect of HCV infection and different HCV proteins on apoptosis and of the corresponding signaling cascades.

关键词： Hepatitis C Spoptosis TRAIL CD95/Fas TNFα Perforin

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Burn injury prevention in low-and middleincome countries:scoping systematic review

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 123-144页

作者： Kate Price Kwang Chear Lee Katherine e.Woolley Henry Falk Michael Peck richard Lilford Naiem Moiemen College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamMindelsohn WayEdgbastonBirminghamB152WBUK Institute of Applied Health Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK Adjunct Professor of environmental Health Emory UniversityRollins School of Public HealthAtlantaGA 30322US Clinical Professor of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixAZ 85004US

Background:Burn injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and disability,with the burden of disease being disproportionately higher in low-and middle-income countries(LMIC).Burn prevention programmes have led to significant reductions in the incidence of burns in high-income ***,a previous systematic review published in 2015 highlighted that implementation and evaluation of similar programmes has been limited in *** objective of this scoping review and narrative synthesis was to summarise and understand the initiatives that have been carried out to reduce burn injuries in LMIC and their ***:We aimed to identify publications that described studies of effectiveness of burn prevention interventions applied to any population within a LMIC and measured burn incidence or burns-related *** publications were identified from three ***,data was extracted from manuscripts identified in the systematic review published by Rybarczyk et *** then performed a search for manuscripts on burn prevention interventions published between January 2015 and September ***,we extracted data from two systematic reviews where burn evidence was not the primary outcome,which were identified by senior authors.A quality assessment and narrative synthesis of included manuscripts were ***:In total,24 manuscripts were identified and categorized according to intervention *** majority of manuscripts(n=16)described education-based *** manuscripts focused on environmental modification interventions and four adopted a mixedmethods *** of the education-based initiatives demonstrated improvements in knowledge relating to burn safety or first aid,however few measured the impact of their intervention on burn *** manuscripts described population-based educational interventions and noted reductions in burn *** one of the four manuscripts describing environmental modification i

关键词： Burns Prevention Low-and-middle income countries Systematic review

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The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） of the Drumian Stage （Cambrian） in the Drum Mountains, Utah, USA

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episodes 2007年第2期30卷 85-95页

作者： Loren e. Babcock richard A. Robison Margaret N. Rees Shanchi Peng Matthew R. Saltzman School of earth Sciences The Ohio State University 125 South Oval Mall Columbus OH 43210 USA. Department of Geology University of Kansas Lawrence KS 66045 USA. Department of Geoscience University of Nevada Las Vegas Las Vegas NV 89145 USA. State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of Sciences 39 East Beijing Road Nanjing 210008 China.

The Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Drumian Stage （Cambrian Series 3） is defined at the base of a limestone （calcisiltite） layer 62 m above the base of the Wheeler Formation in the Stratotype Ridge section, Drum Mountains, Utah, USA. The GSSP level contains the lowest occurrence of the cosmopolitan agnostoid trilobite Ptychagnostus atavus （base of the P. atavus Zone）. Secondary global markers near the base of the stage include the DICe negative δ^13C excursion, the onset of a long monotonic ^87Sr/^86Sr isotopic shift, and the transgressive phase of a eustatic event. Faunal turnovers close to the base of the Drumian Stage are recognized as the base of the Bolaspidella Zone （polymerid trilobites） in Laurentia, the historic base of the Floran Stage in Australia, the base of the Dorypyge richthofeni Zone （polymerid trilobites） in South China, and the base of the Gapparodus bisulcatus-Westergaardodina brevidens Assemblage-zone （conodonts） in Baltica and South China. The last occurrence of the cosmopolitan trilobite Ptychagnostus gibbus occurs in the lower part of the Drumian Stage, and the base of the Hydrocephalus hicksii Zone （polymerid trilobites） as used in Siberia and Baltica occurs near the base of the stage.

关键词：寒武纪地球边界犹他州美国地层类型

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AC Impedance Behaviour of Black Diamond Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第6期21卷 879-882页

作者： Olivier GAUDIN richard B.JACKMAN electronic and electrical engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK

The first measurement of impedance on free-standing diamond films from 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz up to 300℃ were reported. A wide range of chemical vapour deposition （CVD） materials were investigated, but here we concentrate on ‘black＇ diamond grown by microwave plasma enhanced CVD （MWPeCVD）. The Cole-Cole （Z′ via Z″） plots are well fitted to a RC parallel circuit model and the equivalent resistance and capacitance for the diamond films have been estimated using the Zview curve fitting. The results show only one single semicircle response at each temperature measured. It was found that the resistance decreases from 62 MΩ at room temperature to 4 kΩ at 300℃, with an activation energy around 0.51 eV. The equivalent capacitance is maintained at the level of 100 pF up to 300℃ suggesting that the diamond grain boundaries are dominating the conduction. At 400℃, the impedance at low frequencies shows a linear tail, which can be explained that the AC polarization of diamond/Au interface occurs.

关键词： Black diamond Impedance spectroscopy Activation energy

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Pit Chains Belonging to Radiating Graben-Fissure Systems on Venus: Model for Formation during Lateral Dyke Injection

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 143-144页

作者： Calder W.PATTeRSON richard e eRNST Claire SAMSON Department of earth Sciences Carleton University

Pits are circular to elliptical,steep-sided,flat-bottomed depressions interpreted to form from collapse into a *** occur on earth,Venus and Mars and range in diameter from;00 m to several kilometres(e.g.

关键词： rock Pit Chains Belonging to Radiating Graben-Fissure Systems on Venus Model for Formation during Lateral Dyke Injection

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