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effects of pituitary extract,ovaprim,and bitter leaf(Vernonia amygdalina)on the histopathology of African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2018年第6期3卷 232-237页

作者： Blessing B.Ajayi John O.Ogunsola Olufemi I.Olatoye richard e.Antia Samuel Agbede Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Veterinary Teaching Hospital University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria Department of Veterinary Pathology University of IbadanIbadan 200284Nigeria

The development of aquaculture in Nigeria is constrained by the inadequate supply of high quality of fingerlings of African catfish(Clarias gariepinus).There are conflicting reports on the reproductive efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina when compared with the synthetic hormone Ovaprim(OV)and Pituitary extract(Pe)on *** histopathology of select organs in catfish treated with generic Ovaprim(OV),Pituitary extract(CPe),and aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina(VAe)were *** female ***(average weight of 1 kg)wereevenly and randomly distributed to four *** in groups A,B,C,and D were injected intramuscularly with aqueous solutions of OV(0.5 mL/kg),Pe(5 mg/kg),VAe(10 mg/kg),and distilled water(DW;0.5 ml),*** examinations of the ovary,liver,kidney,and spleen were carried *** revealed that OV-and Pe-treated groups showed synchronous and synchronous ovarian development,vacuolar change of hepatocytes,thinning of hepatic cords,reduced renal haemopoietic compartments,tubular degeneration and necrosis,and decrease in splenic periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths(PALS).VAe-treated groups had asynchronous ovarian development with atretic ovarian follicles,widespread vacuolar change of hepatocytes,intact renal tubular and hemopoietic compartments,and preponderance of large and coalescing splenic *** conclude that VAe is an ineffective spawning agent,especially when compared with OV and Pe,as VAe could not induce synchronous gonadal ***,VAe may have immunopotentiating,nephroprotective,and haemopoietic properties.

关键词： Clarias gariepinus Vernonia amygdalina extract Pituitary extract Ovaprim Gonadal development Histopathology Reproductive performance

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Intentionality as Creativity: A Communicological Critique of Muddle-Headed Mindfulness in Pragmatics of Human Communication

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Language and Semiotic Studies 2019年第1期5卷 21-44页

作者： richard L.Lanigan International Communicology Institute

Jürgen Ruesch and Gregory Bateson were dedicated to the research paradigm that asserts the successful Axiom of Communication Theory: The Intentionality Code of "You Both Can And Cannot Communicate"(Make up Your Mind and Change Your Mind—You can Learn!). Ruesch and Bateson's axiomatic view of Codes critiques the failed Intentionality Messages, i.e., the failed Postulate of Information Theory: The Behavior of "You Cannot Not Communicate" raised to the status of a fetish in the American speech communication discipline by the publication of Paul Watzlawick, Janet Helmick Beavin, and Don J. Jackson, Pragmatics of Human Communication: A Study of Interactional Patterns, Pathologies, and Paradoxes(New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Co., Inc., 1967). Although dedicated "To Gregory Bateson, Friend and Mentor", this book(hereafter cited as WBJ) is not co-authored by Bateson and its publication was vigorously opposed by him for many reasons, including the argument of the present analysis that shows a fundamental misunderstanding and gross misapplication of Information Theory(Shannon & Weaver) in place of Communication Theory(Weiner & Bateson) and the mathematical logic(edmund Husserl & Bertrand Russell) upon which the distinction is based.

关键词： Bateson Watzlawick Communicology creativity Double Bind pragmatics

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多巴胺舒张猪冠状动脉及激活冠状动脉平滑肌细胞钾通道

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2000年第6期14卷 421-424页

作者：韩桂春 Patricia JP McM ILLIN richard e WHITe 大连医科大学生理学教研室辽宁大连116027 Department of Physiology and Biophysics

采用血管环实验和膜片钳细胞贴附式技术分别在器官和细胞分子水平观察多巴胺舒张猪冠状动脉作用及对平滑肌细胞大电导型钙激活钾通道(BKCa)的影响 .结果表明多巴胺引起前列腺素 F2α(PGF2α)预收缩动脉环浓度依赖性舒张反应 ,而不引起高... 详细信息

采用血管环实验和膜片钳细胞贴附式技术分别在器官和细胞分子水平观察多巴胺舒张猪冠状动脉作用及对平滑肌细胞大电导型钙激活钾通道(BKCa)的影响 .结果表明多巴胺引起前列腺素 F2α(PGF2α)预收缩动脉环浓度依赖性舒张反应 ,而不引起高 K+预收缩动脉环舒张反应 .表明多巴胺引起的冠状动脉血管舒张反应依赖于 K+生理浓度梯度的存在 ,结果提示钾通道参与了多巴胺的血管舒张反应 .向细胞浴液内灌流多巴胺增强冠状动脉血管平滑肌细胞膜 BKCa通道活性 .用 DA1受体阻断剂 SCH2 3390预处理细胞 ,完全阻断多巴胺的这一作用 ,而用 β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔无影响 .提示多巴胺通过 DA1受体激活 BKCa通道引起

关键词：多巴胺冠状动脉平滑肌细胞钾通道多胺受体

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Integrating space and time: a case for phenological context in grazing studies and management

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2018年第1期5卷 44-56页

作者： Dawn M.BROWNING Sheri SPIeGAL richard e.eSTeLL Andres F.CIBILS Raul H.PeINeTTI USDA-Agriculture Research Service New Mexico State University Department of Animal and Range Sciences New Mexico State University Facultad de Agronomía Universidad Nacional de La Pampa

In water-limited landscapes, patterns in primary production are highly variable across space and *** grazing is a common agricultural practice worldwide and a concern is localized overuse of specific pasture resources that can exacerbate grass losses and soil erosion. On a research ranch in New Mexico with average annual rainfall of 217 mm, we demonstrate with a quantitative approach that annual seasons vary greatly and examine foraging patterns in Angus-Hereford(Bos taurus) cows. We define five seasonal stages based on MODIS NDVI: pre-greenup, greenup, peak green, drydown and dormant, and examine livestock movements in 2008. Daily distance traveled by cows was greater and foraging area expanded during periods with higher precipitation. A regression model including minimum NDVI, rainfall and their interaction explained 81% of the seasonal variation in distance traveled by cows(P explored about 81 ha·d^(–1) while foraging, but tended to explore smaller areas as the pasture became greener(greenup and peak green stages). Cows foraged an average of 9.7 h daily and spent more time foraging with more concentrated search patterns as pastures became *** findings suggest that phenological context can expand the capacity to compare and integrate findings, and facilitate meta-analyses of grazing studies conducted at different locations and times of year.

关键词： GPS collars Jornada experimental Range land-surface phenology livestock movement LTAR MODIS NDVI rangeland

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Hardening effects in Superhard Transition-Metal Borides

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第1期3卷 100-109页

作者： Lisa e.Pangilinan Shanlin Hu Spencer G.Hamilton Sarah H.Tolbert richard B.Kaner Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of CaliforniaLos Angeles(UCLA)Los AngelesCalifornia 90095United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Materials Science and Engineeringand California NanoSystems Institute(CNSI)University of CaliforniaLos Angeles(UCLA)Los AngelesCalifornia 90095United States

CONSPeCTUS:Mechanical hardness is a physical property used to gauge the applications of materials in the manufacturing and machining *** of their high hardness and wear resistance,superhard materials(Vickers hardness,Hv≥40 GPa)are commonly used as cutting tools and *** diamond is the hardest known material used for industrial applications,its synthesis requires both high pressure and high *** in the field of superhard materials research has led to the search for alternatives with high hardness and thermal stability at low *** discovery of novel ultraincompressible,superhard materials has largely developed through trial and error along two *** one approach,researchers combine light elements,such as boron,carbon,nitrogen,and oxygen,often at high pressure,to replicate the highly directional,dense,covalent bonds of *** the second approach,these light elements(B,C,N,and O)are combined with highly incompressible,electron-rich transition metals to form dense covalently bonded networks at ambient pressure.

关键词： Transition boron gauge

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Comparison of Venusian Coronae with Giant Circumferential Dyke Swarms on earth

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2016年第S1期90卷 183-184页

作者： erin M.BeTHeLL richard e.eRNST Claire SAMSON Kenneth L.BUCHAN Department of earth Sciences Carleton University Faculty of Geology and Geography Tomsk State University Geological Survey of Canada

The surface of Venus features a large number(>500)of quasi-circular tectono-magmatic features known as *** are characterized in part by their topographic characteristics,which can be diverse and

关键词： Comparison of Venusian Coronae with Giant Circumferential Dyke Swarms on earth

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Use of fibrates in the metabolic syndrome:A review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2016年第5期7卷 74-88页

作者： Kate e Shipman richard C Strange Sudarshan Ramachandran Department of Clinical Biochemistry Uni-versity Hospital Birmingham Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele University Medical School Department of Clinical Bio-chemistry Heart of England NHS Foundation TrustGood Hope Hospital Department of Clinical Bio-chemistry University Hospitals of North Midlands and Faculty of Health SciencesStaffordshire University

The use of fibrates in the treatment of dyslipidaemia has changed significantly over recent *** role appeared clear at the start of this *** Helsinki Heart Study and Veterans Affairs High-Density Cholesterol Intervention Trial suggested significant benefit,especially in patients with atherogenic ***,this clarity disintegrated following the negative outcomes reported by the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention,Fenofibrate Intervention and event Lowering in Diabetes and Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes randomised controlled *** this review we discuss these and other relevant trials and consider patient subgroups such as those with the metabolic syndrome and those needing treatment to prevent the microvascular complications associated with diabetes in whom fibrates may be *** also discuss observations from our group that may provide some explanation for the varying outcomes reported in large *** actions of fibrates in patients who are also on statins are interesting and appear to differ from those in patients not on *** this is key as statins are the primary lipid lowering agents and likely to occupy that position for the foreseeable *** also present other features of fibrate treatment we have observed in our clinical practice;changes in creatinine,liver function tests and the paradoxical high density lipoprotein *** purpose is to provide enough data for the reader to make objective decisions in their own clinical practice regarding fibrate use.

关键词： Fibrates Metabolic syndrome Paradoxical high density lipoprotein cholesterol decrease High density lipoprotein cholesterol Cardiovascular disease Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Randomised control trial Triglycerides

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Metabolic syndrome:A review of the role of vitamin D in mediating susceptibility and outcome

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第7期6卷 896-911页

作者： richard C Strange Kate e Shipman Sudarshan Ramachandran Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine Keele University Medical School Department of Clinical Biochemistry Good Hope HospitalHeart of England NHS Foundation TrustSutton Coldfield B75 7RRUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical Bioche- mistry University Hospital of North Staffordshire

Despite the well-recognised role of vitamin D in a wide range of physiological processes,hypovitaminosis is common worldwide(prevalence 30%-50%) presumably arising from inadequate exposure to ultraviolet radiation and insufficient *** generally not at the very low levels associated with rickets,hypovitaminosis D has been implicated in various very different,pathophysiological *** include putative effects on the pathogenesis of neoplastic change,inflammatory and demyelinating conditions,cardiovascular disease(CVD) and *** review focuses on the association between hypovitaminosis D and the metabolic syndrome as well as its component characteristics which are central obesity,glucose homeostasis,insulin resistance,hypertension and atherogenic *** also consider the effects of hypovitaminosis D on outcomes associated with the metabolic syndrome such as CVD,diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver *** structure this review into 3 distinct sections; the metabolic syndrome,vitamin D biochemistry and the putative association between hypovitaminosis D,the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk.

关键词： Vitamin D Hypovitaminosis D Metabolicsyndrome Type 2 diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Cardiovascular disease Atherogenic dyslipidaemia Hypertension Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

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Cost analysis of childhood glaucoma surgeries using the US Medicaire allowable costs

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(english edition) 2023年第5期16卷 700-704页

作者： Abdelrahman M.elhusseiny Mohamed M.Khodeiry Nicolas A.Yannuzzi Ta C.Chang richard K.Lee William e.Smiddy Department of Ophthalmology Bascom Palmer Eye InstituteUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFlorida 33136USA Department of Ophthalmology Harvey and Bernice Jones Eye InstituteUniversity of Arkansas for Medical SciencesLittle RockArkansas 72205USA

AIM: To analyze and calculate the relative cost of various childhood glaucoma surgical interventions per mm Hg intraocular pressure(IOP) reduction($/mm Hg).MeTHODS: Representative index studies were reviewed to quantitate the reduction of mean IOP and glaucoma medications for each surgical intervention in childhood glaucoma. A US perspective was adopted, using Medicare allowable costs to calculate cost/mm Hg IOP reduction($/mm Hg) at 1y ***: At 1y postoperatively, the cost/mm Hg IOP reduction was $226/mm Hg for microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy, $284/mm Hg for cyclophotocoagulation, $288/mm Hg for conventional ab-externo trabeculotomy, $338/mm Hg for Ahmed glaucoma valve, $350/mm Hg for Baerveldt glaucoma implant, $351/mm Hg for goniotomy, and $400/mm Hg for ***: Microcatheter-assisted circumferential trabeculotomy is the most cost-efficient surgical method to lower IOP in childhood glaucoma, while trabeculectomy is the least cost-efficient surgical method.

关键词： glaucoma cost analysis trabeculotomy trabeculectomy intraocular pressure childhood glaucoma

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The effects of nutrients on stream invertebrates:a regional estimation by generalized propensity score

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ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 218-230页

作者： Zutao Ouyang Song S.Qian richard Becker Jiquan Chen Center for Global Change and earth Observations Michigan State University1405 S.Harrison RoadEast LansingMI 48823USA Department of environmental Sciences University of Toledo2801 West Bancroft StreetToledoOH 43606USA

Introduction:The effects of nutrients on stream conditions within individual streams or small areas have been studied extensively,but the same effects over a large region have rarely been examined due to the difficulty of applying large-scale manipulative *** this study,we estimated the causal effects of nutrients within the Western United States on invertebrate richness,an important biological indicator of stream conditions,by using observational ***:We used the generalized propensity score method to avoid the common problem of statistical inference using observational data,i.e.,correlation established based on observational data does not imply a causal relationship because the effects of confounding factors are not properly ***:Our analysis showed a subsidy-stress relationship between nutrients and invertebrate taxon richness in the whole Western United States and in its *** magnitude of the relationship varies among these subecoregions,suggesting a varying nitrogen effect on macroinvertebrates due,in large part,to the varying natural and anthropogenic conditions from ecoregion to ***,our analysis confirmed that causal estimation results using regression can be sensitive to the imbalance of confounding ***:Stratifying data into ecoregions with relatively homogeneous environmental conditions or adjusting data by generalized propensity score can improve the balance of confounding factors,thereby allowing more reliable causal inference of nutrient *** respond to the same nutrient levels differently across different site conditions.

关键词： Nutrient criteria Water quality environmental management ecoregion

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