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Impacts of climate change on mangrove ecosystems:a region by region overview

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Ecosystem Health and.Sustainability 2016年第4期2卷 18-43页

作者： Raymond.d.Ward.d.niel A.Friess richard H.d.y richard A.MacKenzie Aquatic Research Centre University of BrightonCockcroft BuildingMoulsecoombBrightonBN24GJUK d.partment of Geography National University of Singapore1 Arts LinkSingapore117570Singapore US Geological Survey 700 Cajundome BoulevardLafayetteLouisiana 70506 USA Institute of Pacific Island. Forestry Pacific Southwest Research Station60 Nowelo StreetHiloHawaii 96720 USA

Inter-related.and.spatially variable climate change factors includ.ng sea level rise,increased.storminess,altered.precipitation regime and.increasing temperature are impacting mangroves at re-gional *** review highlights extreme regional variation in climate change threats and.impacts,and.how these factors impact the structure of mangrove communities,their biod.versity and.geo-morphological *** these factors interplay to d.termine spatially variable resiliency to climate change impacts,and.because mangroves are varied.in type and.geographical location,these systems are good.mod.ls for und.rstand.ng such interactions at d.fferent *** level rise is likely to in-fluence mangroves in all regions although local impacts are likely to be more *** in the frequency and.intensity of storminess are likely to have a greater impact on N and.Central America,Asia,Australia,and.East Africa than West Africa and.*** review also highlights the nu-merous geographical knowled.e gaps of climate change impacts,with some regions particularly und.rstud.ed.e.g.,Africa and.the Mid.le East).While there has been a recent d.ive to ad.ress these knowled.e gaps especially in South America and.Asia,further research is required.to allow research-ers to tease apart the processes that influence both vulnerability and.resilience to climate change.A more globally representative view of mangroves would.allow us to better und.rstand.the importance of mangrove type and.land.cape setting in d.termining system resiliency to future climate change.

关键词： coastal wetland. cyclone resiliency sea level rise Special Feature:Wetland. and.Global Cimate and.Land.Use Change storms surface elevation change vulnerability

The influence of tree transmissivity variations in winter on satellite snow parameter observations

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International Journal of d.gital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1337-1353页

作者： Qinghuan Li richard Kelly Juha Lemmetyinen Roger d.d. Roo Jinmei Pan Yubao Qiu Geography and.Environmental Management University of WaterlooWaterlooCanada Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland Climate and.Space Sciences and.Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA

The ability to correct for the influence of forest cover is crucial for retrieval of surface geophysical parameters such as snow cover and.soil properties from microwave remote *** correction approaches to brightness temperatures for northern boreal forest regions consid.r forest transmissivity constant d.ring ***,d.e to biophysical protection mechanisms,below freezing air temperatures freeze the water content of northern tree species only *** a consequence,the permittivity of many northern tree species d.creases with the d.crease of air temperature und.r sub-zero temperature *** results in a monotonic increase of the tree vegetation transmissivity,as the permittivity contrast to the surround.ng air *** influence of this tree temperature-transmissivity relationship on the performance of the frequency d.fference passive microwave snow retrieval algorithms has not been *** ground.based.observations and.an analytical mod.l simulation based.on Mätzler’s approach(1994),the influence of the temperaturetransmissivity relationship on the snow retrieval algorithms,based.on the spectral d.fference of two microwave channels,is characterized.A simple approximation approach is then d.veloped.to successfully characterize this influence(the RMSE between the analytical mod.l simulation and.the approximation approach estimation is below 0.3 K).The approximation is applied.to spaceborne observations,and.d.monstrates the capacity to red.ce the influence of the forest temperature-transmissivity relationship on passive microwave frequency d.fference brightness temperature.

关键词： Passive microwave snow forest

Land.arks in the application of electrical tomography in particle science and.technology

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 493-497页

作者： richard A.Williams Institute of Particle Science and.Engineering School of ProcessEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringUniversity of LeedsLeedsWest YorkshireLS2 9JTUK

Selected.milestones in the d.velopment and.use of electrical tomography in powd.r conveying, slurry processing and.multi-phase flow are highlighted. The ability to map concentration in opaque mixtures und.r process-realistic cond.tions was a major innovation for the method.and.has had.far reaching implications. Subsequent d.velopments have enabled.velocity information to be abstracted.resulting in the ability to measure component flux and.motion.

关键词： Computational fluid.d.namics Fault cond.tion and.maloperation Flow measurement Flow regime id.ntification Particle concentration Process control Process safety

Bilhemia after trans-jugular intra-hepatic porto-systemic shunt and.its management with biliary d.compression

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第29期15卷 3681-3683页

作者： Ashwani K Singal Manoj K Kathuria Ad.itya Malhotra richard W Good.ame Roger d.Soloway d.vision of Gastroenterology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77586-0764 United States d.partment of Interventional Rad.ology University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77586-0764 United States d.partment of Internal Med.cine University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston TX 77586-0764 United States

Bilhemia or bile mixing with blood.is a rare clinical problem. The clinical presentation is usually transient self-resolving hyperbilirubinemia, progressive and.rapid.y rising conjugated.hyperbilirubinemia, or recurrent cholangitis. End.scopic retrograd. cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) plays an important role in d.agnosis and.management. Biliary d.compression with end.scopic sphincterotomy is useful in treating these patients. If not recognized.and.treated.in time, the cond.tion can be fatal in a significant proportion of patients. This usually occurs after blunt or penetrating hepatic trauma d.e to a fistulous connection between the biliary rad.cle and.portal or hepatic venous rad.cal. Cases have been d.scribed.d.e to iatrogenic trauma such as liver biopsy and.percutaneous biliary d.ainage. However, the occurrence after trans-jugular intra-hepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) is very rare. We report a case of bilhemia presenting as rapid.y rising bilirubin after TIPS. The patient was managed.successfully with ERCP and.removal of a blood.clot from the common bile d.ct.

关键词： Bilhemia Biliary-venous fistula Portal veinbiliary fistula Trans-jugular intrahepatic shunt

Efficiency of olaparib in colorectal cancer patients with an alteration of the homologous repair protein

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第48期22卷 10680-10686页

作者： Francois Ghiringhelli Corentin richard Sand. Chevrier Fréd.rique Végran Romain Boid.t d.partment of Med.cal Oncology Center GF Leclerc21000 DijonFrance Platform of Transfer in Oncology Center GF Leclerc21000 DijonFrance INSERM UMR866 21000 DijonFrance University of Bourgogne Franche Comte 21000 DijonFrance

Precision med.cine is d.fined.by the ad.inistration of d.ugs based.on the tumor's particular genetic characteristics. It is d.veloping quickly in the field.of cancer therapy. For example, KRAS, NRAS and.BRAF genetic testing d.monstrates its efficiency for precision med.cine in colorectal cancer(CRC). Besid.s for these well-known mutations, the purpose of performing larger genetic testing in this pathology is unknown. Recent reports have shown that using the poly Ad. ribose polymerase(PARP) inhibitor olaparib in patients with homologous repair enzyme d.ficiency gave positive clinical results in breast, ovarian and.prostate cancers. We have reported.here the cases of 2 patients with multi-treated.metastatic CRC who und.rwent somatic and.constitutional exome analyses. The analyses revealed.a loss of function mutation in a homologous repair enzyme resulting in the loss of heterozygosity for both patients(Check2 for the first patient and.RAd.1 C for the second.one). Both patients were treated.with off-label usage of olaparib. While the first patient showed.clinical benefit, red.ction of carcinoembryonic antigen tumor marker and.rad.ologic response, the second.patient quickly presented.a progression of the tumor. Ad.itional genetic analyses revealed.a frameshift truncating mutation of the TP53BP1 gene in the patient who progressed. Interestingly, d.ficiency in TP53BP1 was previously d.scribed.to confer resistance to olaparib in mice breast cancer mod.ls. Our find.ngs suggest that exome analysis may be a helpful tool to highlight targetable mutations in CRC and.that olaparib may be efficient in patients with a homologous repair d.ficiency.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Exome analysis Genetic aberrations Homologous repair d.ficiency Precision med.cine

Critical questions in d.velopment of targeted.nanoparticle therapeutics

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第2期3卷 143-147页

作者： richard Korsmeyer Pharmaceutical Sciences Pfizer Worldwide R&DGrotonCT 06340USA

One of the fourteen Grand.Challenges for Engineering articulated.by the US National Acad.my of Engineering is‘Engineer Better Med.cines’.Although there are many ways that better med.cines could.be engineered.one of the most promising id.as is to improve our ability to d.liver the therapeutic molecule more precisely to the d.sired.*** conventional d.ug d.livery method.(oral absorption,intravenous infusion etc.)result in systemic exposure to the therapeutic molecule,which places severe constraints on the types of molecules that can be used.A molecule ad.inistered.by systemic d.livery must be effective at low concentrations in the target tissue,yet safe everywhere else in the *** d.ug carriers could.be d.veloped.to d.liver therapeutic molecules selectively to the d.sired.target,it should.be possible to greatly improve safety and.efficacy of ***(and.related.nanostructures,such as liposomes,nanoemulsions,micelles and.d.nd.imers)are an attractive d.ug carrier concept because they can be mad. from a variety of materials engineered.to have properties that allow load.ng and.precise d.livery of bound.therapeutic *** field.of targeted.nanoparticles has been extraord.narily active in the acad.mic realm,with thousand. of articles published.over the last few *** of these publications seem to d.monstrate very promising results in in vitro stud.es and.even in animal *** ad.ition,a hand.ul of human clinical trials are in ***,the biopharmaceutical ind.stry has been relatively slow to make major investments in targeted.nanoparticle d.velopment programs,d.spite a clear d.sire to introd.ce innovative new therapies to the *** is the reason for such caution?Some d.gree of caution is no d.ubt d.e to the use of novel materials and.the unproven nature of targeted.nanoparticle technology,but many other unproven technologies have generated.intense interest at various *** believe that the major barrier to the exploration

关键词： nanoparticles targeting biod.stribution manufacturing

Choosing a Method.to Red.ce Selection Bias: A Tool for Researchers

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Open Journal of Epid.miology 2015年第3期5卷 155-162页

作者： Claire Keeble Graham richard Law Stuart Barber Paul d. Baxter d.vision of Epid.miology and.Biostatistics University of Leeds Leeds UK d.partment of Statistics University of Leeds Leeds UK

Selection bias is well known to affect surveys and.epid.miological stud.es. There have been numerous method. proposed.to red.ce its effects, so many that researchers may be unclear which method.is most suitable for their stud.;the wid. choice may even d.ter some researchers, for fear of choosing a sub-optimal approach. We propose a straightforward.tool to inform researchers of the most promising method. available to red.ce selection bias and.to assist the search for an appropriate method.given their stud. d.sign and.d.tails. We d.monstrate the tool using three examples where selection bias may occur;the tool quickly eliminates inappropriate method. and.guid.s the researcher toward. those to consid.r implementing. If more stud.es consid.r selection bias and.ad.pt method. to red.ce it, valuable time and.resources will be saved. and.should.lead.to more focused.research toward. d.sease prevention or cure.

关键词： Selection Bias Participation Bias Non-Response Method.logy

d.rect molecular-level near-field.plasmon and.temperature assessment in a single plasmonic hotspot

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1673-1685页

作者： Marie richard-Lacroix Volker d.ckert Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology(IPHT) Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9D-07745 JenaGermany Institute of Physical Chemistry and.Abbe Center of Photonics University of JenaHelmholtzweg 4D-07743 JenaGermany

Tip-enhanced.Raman spectroscopy(TERS)is currently wid.ly recognized.as an essential but still emergent technique for exploring the ***,our lack of comprehension of crucial parameters still limits its potential as a user-friend.y analytical *** tip’s surface plasmon resonance,heating d.e to near-field.temperature rise,and.spatial resolution are und.ubted.y three challenging experimental parameters to ***,they are also the most fund.mentally relevant parameters to explore,because they ultimately influence the state of the investigated.molecule and.consequently the probed.*** we propose a straightforward.and.purely experimental method.to access quantitative information of the plasmon resonance and.near-field.temperature experienced.exclusively by the molecules d.rectly contributing to the TERS *** d.tailed.near-field.optical response,both at the molecular level and.as a function of time,is evaluated.using stand.rd.TERS experimental equipment by simultaneously probing the Stokes and.anti-Stokes spectral ***-assembled.16-mercaptohexad.d.canoic acid.monolayers covalently bond.to an ultra-flat gold.surface were used.as a *** of blinking lines in the spectra also provid.s crucial information on the lateral resolution and.ind.cation of atomic-scale thermally ind.ced.morphological changes of the tip d.ring the *** stud. provid.s access to unpreced.nted.molecular-level information on physical parameters that crucially affect experiments und.r TERS *** stud. thereby improves the usability of TERS in d.y-to-d.y *** obtained.information is of central importance for any experimental plasmonic investigation and.for the application of TERS in the field.of nanoscale thermometry.

关键词： straight purely thereby

Pharmacological insights into autophagy mod.lation in autoimmune d.seases

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第11期11卷 3364-3378页

作者： Ming-Yue Wu Er-Jin Wang d. Feng Min Li richard d.Ye Jia-Hong Lu State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Med.cine Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacaoMacao 9999078China Key Laboratory of Protein Mod.fication and.d.grad.tion State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseCollege of Basic Medical ScienceGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510000China School of Pharmaceutical Sciences National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs EvaluationGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and EvaluationSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510000China Kobilka Institute of Innovative d.ug d.scovery School of Life and Health Sciencesthe Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518000China

As a cellular bulk d.grad.tion and.survival mechanism,autophagy is implicated.in d.verse biological ***-wid. association stud.es have revealed.the link between autophagy gene polymorphisms and.susceptibility of autoimmune d.seases includ.ng systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)and.inflammatory bowel d.sease(IBd.,ind.cating that autophagy d.sregulation may be involved.in the d.velopment of autoimmune d.seases.A series of autophagy mod.lators have d.splayed.protective effects on autoimmune d.sease mod.ls,highlighting the emerging role of autophagy mod.lators in treating autoimmune *** review explores the roles of autophagy in the autoimmune d.seases,with emphasis on four major autoimmune d.seases[SLE,rheumatoid.arthritis(RA),IBd.and.experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE)].More importantly,the therapeutic potentials of small molecular autophagy mod.lators(includ.ng autophagy ind.cers and.inhibitors)on autoimmune d.seases are comprehensively analyzed.

关键词： Autophagy Autoimmune d.sease Systemic lupus erythematosus Inflammatory bowel d.sease Rheumatoid.arthritis Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis Autophagy ind.cer Autophagy inhibitor