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The Effect of Retinoic Acid on Neutrophil Innate Immune Interactions With Cutaneous Bacterial Pathogens

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2024年第2期6卷 65-73页

作者： Alexandra Stream Ross Corriden Simon Döhrmann richard L.Gallo Victor Nizet Ericka L.anderson Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics Department of PediatricsUniversity of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Department of Dermatology University of California San Diego School of MedicineLa JollaCaliforniaUSA Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA

Vitamin A and its biologically active derivative,retinoic acid(RA),are important for many immune ***,in particular,is essential for the development of immune cells,including neutrophils,which serve as a front-line defense against *** vitamin A deficiency has been linked to higher susceptibility to infections,the precise role of vitamin A/RA in host-pathogen interactions remains poorly ***,we provided evidence that RA boosts neutrophil killing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).RA treatment stimulated primary human neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species,neutrophil extracellular traps and the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin(LL-37).Because RA treatment was insufficient to reduce MRSA burden in an in vivo murine model of skin infection,we expanded our analysis to other infectious *** did not affect the growth of a number of common bacterial pathogens,including MRSA,Escherichia coli K1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa;however,RA directly inhibited the growth of group A Streptococcus(GAS).This antimicrobial effect,likely in combination with RA-mediated neutrophil boosting,resulted in substantial GAS killing in neutrophil killing assays conducted in the presence of ***,in a murine model of GAS skin infection,topical RA treatment showed therapeutic potential by reducing both skin lesion size and bacterial *** findings suggest that RA may hold promise as a therapeutic agent against GAS and perhaps other clinically significant human pathogens.

关键词： retinoic acid neutrophil bacterial infection Staphylococcus aureus group A Streptococcus neutrophil extracellular traps antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin

Genetic interactions and modifi er genes in Hirschsprung's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第45期17卷 4937-4944页

作者： Adam S Wallace richard B anderson Department of Anatomy and cell Biology University of Melbourne

Hirschsprung's disease is a congenital disorder that occurs in 1:5000 live births. It is characterised by an absence of enteric neurons along a variable region of the gastrointestinal tract. Hirschsprung's disease is classified as a multigenic disorder, because the same phenotype is associated with mutations in multiple distinct genes. Furthermore, the genetics of Hirschsprung's disease are highly complex and not strictly Mendelian. The phenotypic variability and incomplete penetrance observed in Hirschsprung' s disease also suggests the involvement of modifier genes. Here, we summarise the current knowledge of the genetics underlying Hirschsprung's disease based on human and animal studies, focusing on the principal causative genes, their interactions, and the role of modif ier genes.

关键词： Neural crest Enteric nervous system Hirschsprung’s disease Aganglionosis Modif ier genes

On the development of optical peripheral nerve interfaces

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第3期14卷 425-436页

作者： Hans E.anderson richard F.ff.Weir Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado Denver|Anschutz Medical Campus

Limb loss and spinal cord injury are two debilitating conditions that continue to grow in prevalence. Prosthetic limbs and limb reanimation present two ways of providing affected individuals with means to interact in the world. These techniques are both dependent on a robust interface with the peripheral nerve. Current methods for interfacing with the peripheral nerve tend to suffer from low specificity, high latency and insufficient robustness for a chronic implant. An optical peripheral nerve interface may solve some of these problems by decreasing invasiveness and providing single axon specificity. In order to implement such an interface three elements are required:(1) a transducer capable of translating light into a neural stimulus or translating neural activity into changes in fluorescence,(2) a means for delivering said transducer and(3) a microscope for providing the stimulus light and detecting the fluorescence change. There are continued improvements in both genetically encoded calcium and voltage indicators as well as new optogenetic actuators for stimulation. Similarly, improvements in specificity of viral vectors continue to improve expression in the axons of the peripheral nerve. Our work has recently shown that it is possible to virally transduce axons of the peripheral nerve for recording from small fibers. The improvements of these components make an optical peripheral nerve interface a rapidly approaching alternative to current methods.

关键词： peripheral nerve interfaces optogenetics optical neural interface optical peripheral nerve interface GCaMP ArcLight adenoassociated viral vector lentiviral vectors viral vectors implantable microscopy

Gold modified cobalt-based Fischer-Tropsch catalysts for conversion of synthesis gas to liquid fuels

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2013年第3期7卷 262-269页

作者： Alan J. Mccue Jura Aponaviciute richard P.K. Wells James A. anderson Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group Department of Chemistry University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Abcrdccn UK Surface Chemistry and Catalysis Group School of Engineering University of Aberdeen AB24 3UE Aberdeen UK

The addition of Au as a promoter/modifier for alumina supported Co catalyst has been studied by combined in-situ high temperature, high pressure Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） and on-line gas chromatography. The combination of these tools permitted the state of the active catalyst surface to be monitored while following the elution of reaction products during the first 5-7 h on stream of the catalyst. The catalysts under study were a 10%Co/ A1203 and a 2.5%Au/10%Co/A1203. Samples were characterised before use using Raman and temperature programmed reduction （TPR）. During the initial stages of reaction, hydrocarbons were built up on the surface of the catalyst as monitored by FTIR and the nature and amount of these species were assessed in terms of CH2/CH3 ratio and the density of these alkyl fragments by employing absorption coefficients for the individual components. The nature and reducibility of the Co particles were modified by the presence of Au while the later also shifted the CO/ H2 balance by acting as an effective water-gas shift catalyst during the early stages of reaction. This characteristic was lost during reaction as a consequence of redistribution of the two metallic phases.

关键词： gold modified catalyst conversion of synthesis gas

Optical read-out and modulation of peripheral nerve activity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 58-61页

作者： Arjun K.Fontaine Hans E.anderson John H.Caldwell richard F.Weir Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus Department of cell and Developmental Biology University of Colorado – Anschutz Medical Campus

Numerous clinical and research applications necessitate the ability to interface with peripheral nerve fibers to read and control relevant neural pathways. Visceral organ modulation and rehabilitative prosthesis are two areas which could benefit greatly from improved neural interfacing approaches. Therapeutic neural interfacing, or ‘bioelectronic medicine’, has potential to affect a broad range of disorders given that all the major organs of the viscera are neurally innervated. However, a better understanding of the neural pathways that underlie function and a means to precisely interface with these fibers are required. Existing peripheral nerve interfaces, consisting primarily of electrode-based designs, are unsuited for highly specific （individual axon） communication and/or are invasive to the tissue. Our laboratory has explored an optogenetic approach by which optically sensitive reporters and actuators are targeted to specific cell （axon） types. The nature of such an approach is laid out in this short perspective, along with associated technologies and challenges.

关键词： peripheral nerve interface optogenetics bioelectronic medicine prosthesis control adeno-associated virus GCaMP

Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry and Rare Earth Oxides can quantify diffuse and convergent soil loss and source apportionment

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 633-648页

作者： Pia Benaud Karen anderson Mike R.James Timothy A.Quine John N.Quinton richard E.Brazier CREWW GeographyFaculty of EnvironmentScience and EconomyUniversity of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterPenrynCornwallTR109FEUnited Kingdom Lancaster Environment centre Lancaster UniversityBailriggLancasterLA14YQUnited Kingdom Geography Faculty of EnvironmentScience and Economy.University of ExeterExeterDevonEX44RJUnited Kingdom

Accurately quantifying rates of soil erosion requires capturing both the volumetric nature of the visible,convergent fluvial pathways(also known as rills)and the subtle nature of the less-visible,diffuse pathways(interrill areas).The aim of this study was to use Rare Earth Oxide(REO)tracers and Structure-from-Motion(SfM)photogrammetry to elucidate retrospective information about soil erosion rates and sediment sources during different soil erosion conditions,within a controlled laboratory *** experimental conditions created erosion events consistent with diffuse and convergent erosion *** tracers allowed the sediment transport distances of over 2 m to be described,and helped resolved the relative contribution of diffuse and convergent soil erosion;interrill areas were also iden-tified as a significant sediment sources soil loss under convergent erosion *** the potential for SfM photogrammetry to resolve sub-millimetre elevations changes was demonstrated,under some conditions non-erosional changes in surface elevation,such as compaction,exceeded volumes of soil loss via diffuse *** discrepancies between SfM Photogrammetry calculations and REO tagged sediment export were beneficial,identifying that during soil erosion events sediment in both aggregate and particle form is deposited within the convergent features,even when the rill extended the full length of the soil *** combination of SfM photogrammetry and REO tracers has provided a novel platform for building a spatial understanding of patterns of soil loss and source apportionment between rill and interrill erosion.

关键词： Soil erosion Structure-from-Motion Photogrammetry Rare Earth Oxides Tracers Sediment Rainfall simulator Sheetwash Rilling Interrill

The future of adenoassociated viral vectors for optogenetic peripheral nerve interfaces

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第7期16卷 1446-1447页

作者： Hans Eanderson richard F.ff.Weir Department of Bioengineering University of Colorado–Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA

Prostheses have a several thousand year history for treating limb *** time, these prostheses have become more sophisticated and closer to replicating the natural *** advances have culminated in the myoelectrically con... 详细信息

关键词： closer advances thousand

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类比策略对汉语儿童英语阅读能力的影响

中国特殊教育 2013年第3期 92-96,85页

作者：尹莉 richard anderson 魏莉薇清华大学人文与社会科学学院北京100084 美国伊利诺伊大学香槟分校阅读研究中心美国伊利诺伊州香槟市61820

本研究采用实验研究,以118名2-6年级学生为被试,考察了汉语母语儿童在英语单词阅读时类比策略的使用以及英、汉阅读能力之间的关系。结果表明,汉语儿童在阅读英语单词时使用类比策略,其发展特点反映了母语汉语的结构特征;在控制了汉语... 详细信息

本研究采用实验研究,以118名2-6年级学生为被试,考察了汉语母语儿童在英语单词阅读时类比策略的使用以及英、汉阅读能力之间的关系。结果表明,汉语儿童在阅读英语单词时使用类比策略,其发展特点反映了母语汉语的结构特征;在控制了汉语能力和学习经历之后,英语单词类比能力依然对英语阅读具有显著预测作用;词汇量是影响类比能力的重要因素。

关键词：类比策略英语阅读词汇量汉语儿童

Characteristics,management and response to alteplase in China versus non-China participants of the ENCHANTED trial

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2017年第2期2卷 53-58页

作者： Lily Song Xia Wang Thompson Robinson richard I Lindley Hisatomi Arima Pablo M Lavados Xiaoying Chen John Chalmers Craig S anderson The George Institute for Global Health at Peking University Health Science center BeijingChina Department of Neurology 85 Hospital of People’s Liberation ArmyShanghaiChina The George Institute for Global Health The University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Biomedical Research Unit for Cardiovascular Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterUK Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Faculty of MedicineFukuoka UniversityFukuokaJapan Clínica Alemana de Santiago Universidad del DesarrolloConcepciónChile Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileConcepciónChile Neurology Department Royal Prince Alfred HospitalSydneyAustralia

Background The characteristics of patients with acute ischaemic stroke(AIS)and their management vary across regions,which may influence *** examined for differential patterns of outcome between China and non-China participants of the ENhanced Control of Hypertension And Thrombolysis strokE stuDy(ENCHANTED),which tested different alteplase doses in *** ENCHANTED was an international,multicentre,open,blinded-endpoint trial of the effects of low-dose(0.6 mg/kg)versus standard-dose(0.9 mg/kg)intravenous alteplase on 90-day disability outcomes and symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage(sICH)in 3310 patients with *** Participants(n=1419,48%)in China were younger,and more often male,hypertensive and with prior stroke and coronary artery disease,but less likely to have atrial fibrillation and use antihypertensive,antithrombotic and lipid-lowering agents,compared with non-China patients with *** China participants had more AIS due to large artery occlusion,were treated later and had differing ancillary management,there was no significant difference in 90-day modified Rankin scale scores 2–6(55.6% vs 47.8%;OR,adjusted for baseline and management factors 0.87(95%CI 0.71 to 1.07;p=0.20))and risk of sICH(Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study criteria:1.4% vs 1.8%;p=0.12)compared with non-China *** was no heterogeneity in the treatment effects of low-dose versus standard-dose alteplase between China and non-China *** Patients with AIS recruited to the ENCHANTED trial in China had similar outcomes in response to thrombolysis treatment despite significantly differing demographic,clinical and management factors to patients with AIS in other regions.

关键词： hypertensive doses younger