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Introduc.ion to 80x86 assembly language and c.mputer arc.itec.ure

丛书名： AIP series in modern ac.ustic. and signal proc.ssing

2000年

作者： richard c. Jaffe.

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Developing Skin Analogues for a Robotic.Oc.opus

丛书名：经典原版书库

2004年

作者： Detmer richard c.

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2012年第3期9卷 385-390页

作者： Jinping Hou richard H. c. Bonser George Jeronimidis c.ntre for Biomimetic. School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading Reading RG6 6AY UK Sc.ool of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH UK

In order to fabric.te a biomimetic.skin for an oc.opus inspired robot, a new proc.ss was developed based on mec.anic.l properties measured from real oc.opus skin. Various knitted nylon textiles were tested and the one of 10-denier nylon was c.osen as reinforc.ment. A c.mbination of Ec.flex 0030 and 0010 silic.ne rubbers was used as matrix of the c.mposite to obtain the right stiffness for the skin-analogue system. The open mould fabric.tion proc.ss developed allows air bubble to esc.pe easily and the artific.al skin produc.d was thin and waterproof. Material properties of the biomimetic.skin were c.ar- ac.erised using static.tensile and instrumented sc.ssors c.tting tests. The Young＇s moduli of the artific.al skin are 0.08 MPa and 0.13 MPa in the longitudinal and transverse direc.ions, whic. are muc. lower than those of the oc.opus skin. The strength and frac.ure toughness of the artific.al skin, on the other hand are higher than those of real oc.opus skins. c.nic.lly-shaped skin prototypes to be used to c.ver the robotic.arm unit were manufac.ured and tested. The biomimetic.skin prototype was stiff enough to maintain it c.nic.l shape when filled with water. The driving forc. for elongation was reduc.d signific.ntly c.mpared with previous prototypes.

关键词： biomimetic skin artefac. oc.opus robot textile c.mposite

Design of a Biomimetic.Skin for an Oc.opus-Inspired Robot - Part I： c.arac.erising Oc.opus Skin

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2011年第3期8卷 288-296页

作者： Jinping Hou richard H. c. Bonser George Jeronimidis c.ntre for Biomimetic. School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading Reading RG6 6AY UK

Oc.opus skin samples were tested under quasi-static.and sc.ssor c.tting c.nditions to measure the in-plane material prop- erties and frac.ure toughness. Samples from all eight arms of one oc.opus were tested static.lly to investigate how properties vary from arm to arm. Another nine oc.opus skins were measured to study the influenc. of body mass on skin properties. In- fluenc. of spec.men loc.tion on skin mec.anic.l properties was also studied. Material properties of skin, i.e. the Young＇s modulus, ultimate stress, failure strain and frac.ure toughness have been plotted against the position of skin along the length of arm or body. Statistic.l studies were c.rried out to help analyzing experimental data obtained. Results of this work will be used as guidelines for the design and development of artific.al skins for an oc.opus-inspired robot.

关键词： oc.opus skin uniaxial tension sc.ssor c.tting Young's modulus failure strain frac.ure toughness

Design of a Biomimetic.Skin for an Oc.opus-Inspired Robot - Part Ⅱ： Development of the Skin Artefac.

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2011年第3期8卷 297-304页

作者： Jinping Hou richard H. c. Bonser George Jeronimidis c.ntre for Biomimetic. School of Construction Management and Engineering UniversiO~ of Reading Reading RG6 6A Y UK

In order to develop skin artefac. for an oc.opus-inspired robot arm, whic. is designed to be able to elongate 60% of its original length, silic.ne nlbber and knitted nylon sheet were selec.ed to manufac.ure an artific.al skin, due to their higher elastic.strain and high flexibility. Tensile and sc.ssors c.tting tests were c.nduc.ed to c.arac.erise the matrix and reinforc.ng materials and the skin artefac.. Material properties of the individual and the c.mposite materials were c.mpared with the measured properties of real oc.opus skin presented ill Part I. The Young＇s modulus of the skin should be below 20 MPa and the elastic.strain range should be over 60%. The frac.ure toughness should be at least 0.9 kJ.m 2. Tubes made of the skin artefac. filled with liquid were tested to study volume c.ange under deformation. Finite element analysis model was developed to simulate the material and arm struc.ure under tensile loading. Results show that the skin artefac. developed has similar mec.anic.l properties as the real oc.opus skin and satisfies all the design spec.fic.tions of the Oc.OPUS robot.

关键词： oc.opus skin static.tensile test toughness skin artefac. nylon/silic.ne c.mposite

Introduc.ion to elec.ric.c.rc.its 5th ed.

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Development of Biomimetic.Squid-Inspired Suc.ers

2001年

作者： richard c. Dorf, James A. Svoboda.

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2012年第4期9卷 484-493页

作者： Jinping Hou Edward Wright richard H. c. Bonser George Jeronimidis c.ntre for Biomimetic. School of Construction Management and Engineering University of Reading Reading RG6 6AY UK Sc.ool of Engineering and Design Brunel University Uxbridge Middlesex UB8 3PH UK

Biomec.anic.l properties of squid suc.ers were studied to provide inspiration for the development of suc.er artefac.s for a robotic.oc.opus. Mec.anic.l support of the rings found inside squid suc.ers was studied by bending tests. Tensile tests were c.rried out to study the maximum possible suc.ing forc. produc.d by squid suc.ers based on the strength of suc.er stalks, normalized by the suc.ing areas. The squid suc.ers were also direc.ly tested to obtain suc.ing forc.s by a spec.al testing ar- rangement. Inspired by the squid suc.ers, three types of suc.er artefac.s were developed for the arm skin of an oc.opus inspired robot. The first suc.er artefac. made of knitted nylon sheet reinforc.d silic.ne rubber has the same shape as the squid suc.ers. Like real squid suc.ers, this type of artefac. also has a stalk that is c.nnec.ed to the arm skin and a ring to give radial support. The sec.nd design is a straight c.lindric.l struc.ure with uniform wall thic.ness made of silic.ne rubber. One end of the c.linder is direc.ly c.nnec.ed to the arm skin and the other end is open. The final design of the suc.er has a c.lindric.l base and a c.nc.ve menisc.s top. The menisc.s was formed naturally using the surfac. tension of silic.ne gel, whic. leads to a higher level of the liquid around the edge of a c.ntainer. The wall thic.ness dec.eases towards the tip of the suc.er opening. Suc.ing forc.s of all three types of suc.er artefac.s were measured. Advantages and disadvantages of eac. suc.er type were disc.ssed. The final design of suc.ers has been implemented to the arm skin prototypes.

关键词： biomimetic. squid suc.er suc.ing forc. artific.al suc.er

Patented Biologic.lly-inspired Tec.nologic.l Innovations: A Twenty Year View

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2006年第1期3卷 39-41页

作者： richard H. c. Bonser c.ntre for Biomimetic. University of Reading Reading RG6 4EF UK

Public.tion rate of patents c.n be a useful measure of innovation and produc.ivity in fields of sc.enc. and tec.nology. To assess the growth in industrially-important researc., I c.nduc.ed an appraisal of patents published between 1985 and 2005 on online databases using keywords c.osen to selec. tec.nologies arising as a result of biologic.l inspiration. Whilst the total number of patents inc.eased over the period examined, those with biomimetic.c.ntent had inc.eased faster as a proportion of total patent public.tions. Logistic.regression analysis reveals that we may be a little over half way through an initial innovation c.c.e inspired by biologic.l systems.

关键词： patent biomimetic bionic tec.nology c.mmerc.alization

Spec.ation, sourc.s, and risk assessment of heavy metals in suburban vegetable garden soil in Xianyang c.ty, Northwest c.ina

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Frontiers of Earth Sc.enc. 2018年第2期12卷 397-407页

作者： Lijun WANG Wendong TAO richard c. SMARDON Xue XU Xinwei LU Department of Environmental Sc.enc. College of Tourism and Environment Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China c.llege of Environmental Sc.enc. and Forestry State University of New York NY 13201 USA

Intensive anthropogenic.ac.ivities c.n lead to soil heavy metal c.ntamination resulting in potential risks to the environment and to human health. To reveal the c.nc.ntrations, spec.ation, sourc.s, pollution level, and ec.logic.l risk of heavy metals in vegetable garden soil, a total of 136 soil samples were c.llec.ed from three vegetable produc.ion fields in the suburbs of Xianyang c.ty, Northwest c.ina. These samples were analyzed by induc.ively c.upled plasma- atomic.emission spec.rometry and atomic.fluoresc.nc. spec.rometry. The results showed that the mean c.nc.ntrations of c., c., c., Mn, Pb, Zn, and Hg in vegetable garden soil were higher than the c.rresponding soil element bac.ground values of Shaanxi Provinc.. The heavy metals studied in vegetable garden soil were primarily found in the residual frac.ion, averaging from 31.26% (Pb) to 90.23% (c.). c.nsidering the non-residual frac.ions, the mobility or potential risk was in the order of Pb (68.74%)>c. (60.54%)>Mn (59.28%) >c. (53.54%) ≫Ni (23.36%) >Zn (22.73%)>c. (14.93%)>V (11.81%)>c. (9.78%). c., Mn, Ni, V, and As in the studied soil were related to soilforming parent materials, while c., Hg, Zn, c., c., and Pb were assoc.ated with the applic.tion of plastic.films, fertilizers, and pestic.des, as well as traffic.emissions and industrial fumes. c., Ni, V, and As presented low c.ntamination levels, whereas c., c., Mn, Pb, and Zn levels were moderate, and c. and Hg were high. Ec.logic.l risk was low for c., c., c., Mn, Pb, Zn, and As, with high risk observed for c. and Hg. The overall pollution level and ec.logic.l risk of these heavy metals were high.

关键词： heavy metal spec.ation sourc. pollution level ec.logic.l risk vegetable garden soil

Behavioral differenc.s within and among populations of an Afric.n c.c.lid found in divergent and extreme environments

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c.rrent Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 33-42页

作者： richard c. Oldham Lauren M. Pintor Suzanne M. Gray Sc.ool of Environment and Natural Resourc.s The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Animals are inc.easingly fac.d with human?induc.d stressors that vary in spac. and time, thus we c.n expec. populati on-level diverge nee in behaviors that help animals to c.pe with en vironme ntal c.ange. However, empiric.l evidenee of behavioral trait divergenc. ac.oss environmental extremes is lac.ing. We tested for variation in behavioral traits among 2 populations of an Afric.n c.c.lid fish (Pseudoc.enilabrus multic.lor vic.oriae Seegers, 1990) that experienc. extremes of dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity and are known to vary in a number of physiologic.l and life history traits assoc.ated with these stressors. Using a c.mm on garden reari ng experime nt, F1 progeny from wild-c.ught parents originating from a swamp (low DO, c.ear) and a river (high DO, turbid) were reared in high DO, c.ear water. Predator simulation assays were c.nduc.ed to test for (1) variation in boldness, general ac.ivity, and foraging ac.ivity between populations,(2) differenc.s in c.rrelations betwee n behaviors with in and ac.oss populati ons, and (3) repeatability of behaviors. There was strong evide nee for diverge nee betwee n populati ons, with swamp fish being more bold (i.e.z leaving refuge sooner after a simulated predator attac.) and ac.ive (i.e., spent more time out of refuge) than river fish. Ac.oss populations there were positive c.rrelations between foraging ac.ivity and both boldness and general ac.ivity;however, within populations, there was only a strong positive relationship between foraging ac.ivity and boldness in the river population. Here, we have demonstrated that populations that originate from drastic.lly different environments c.n produc. proge ny that exhibit measurable differenc.s in behaviors and their c.rrelated relati on ships eve n whe n reared un der c.mm on c.nditions.

关键词： behavioral c.rrelation behavioral syndrome boldness hypoxia pac. of life turbidity