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Detecting trends in body size: empirical and statistical requirements for intraspecific analyses

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current Zoology 2019年第5期65卷 493-497页

作者： c.M.GIENGER Ned A.DOcHTERMANN c.richard TRAcY Department of Biology Center of Excellence for Field BiologyAustin Peay State UniversityClarksvilleTNUSA Department of Biological Sciences North Dakota State UniversityFargoNDUSA Department of Biology Program in EcologyEvolutionand Conservation BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNVUSA

Attributing biological explanations to observed ecogeographical and ecological patterns require eliminating potential statistical and sampling artifacts as alternative explanations of the observed ***,we assess the role of sample size,statistical power,and geographic inclusivity on the general validity and statistical significance of relationships between body size and latitude for 3 well-studied species of *** extend those analyses to emphasize the importance of using statistically robust data in determining macroecological *** examined intraspecific trends in body size with latitude in chelydra serpentina,chrysemys picta,and Trachemys scripts using Pearson's correlations,diagnostic tests for influential points,and *** data were insufficient to ascertain a latitudinal trend in body size for *** or *** was a significant relationship for ***,however,resampling analyses show that,on average,16 of the 23 available independent populations were needed to demonstrate a significant relationship and that at least 20 of 23 populations were required to obtain a statistically powerful correlation between body size and ***,restricting the latitudes of populations resampled shows that body size trends of *** were largely due to leveraging effects of populations at the edge of the species *** results suggest that broad inferences regarding ecological trends in body size should be made with caution until underlying(intraspecific)patterns in body size can be statistically and conclusively demonstrated.

关键词： Bergmann's rule geographic variation macroecology resampling sensitivity analysis statistical power turtle

Deep learning for the detection of semantic features in tree X-ray cT scans

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第1期7卷 13-26页

作者： Salim Khazem Antoine richard Jeremy Fix cédric Pradalier GeorgiaTech-cNRS IRL 2958 MetzFrance centraleSupélec MetzFrance GeorgiaTech Lorraine MetzFrance LORIA CNRS UMR 7503MetzFrance University of Luxembourg Campus Kirchberg6rue Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi L-1359 Luxembourg

According to the industry,the value of wood logs is heavily influenced by their internal structure,particularly the distribution of knots within the ***,cT scanners combined with classical computer vision approach are the most common tool for obtaining reliable and accurate images of the interior structure of *** where the tree semantic features,especially knots,contours and centers are within a tree could improve the efficiency of the overall tree industry by minimizing waste and enhancing the quality of wood-log ***,this requires to automatically process the cT-scanner images so as to extract the different elements such as tree centerline,knot localization and log contour,in a robust and efficient *** this paper,we propose an effective methodology based on deep learning for performing these different tasks by processing cTscanner images with deep convolutional neural *** meet this objective,three end-to-end trainable pipelines are *** first pipeline is focused on centers detection using cNNs architecture with a regression head,the second and the third one address contour estimation and knot detection as a binary segmentation task based on an Encoder-Decoder *** different architectures are tested on several tree *** these experiments,we demonstrate that our approaches can be used to extract the different elements of trees in a precise manner while preserving good performances of *** main objective was to demonstrate that methods based on deep learning might be used and have a relevant potential for segmentation and regression on cT-scans of tree trunks.

关键词： X-rays images Deep learning convolutional neural networks Image segmentation Wood knots coordinates detection contour estimation

Epidemiological, clinical Progress Aspects of congenital Heart Disease with Neonatal Revelation at the Mother-child Hospital of Bingerville (HME) concerning 98 cases from January 2021 to December 2022 (côte d’Ivoire)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第1期14卷 89-100页

作者： Adja Evelyne Akaffou-Gbery richard Azagoh-Kouadio Anne-Lise Laetitia Mobio Jean-Jacques Yao Atteby Serenah Marie Janice N’vrah Anoh Kouassi Raoul Yao Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology H&#244pital Mère-Enfant de Bingerville (HME) Bingerville C&#244te d’Ivoire Department of Medical Pediatrics and Specialties CHU de Angré Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

Introduction The distribution of congenital heart disease (cHD) in sub-Saharan Africa is highly imprecise and varies from one region to another due to the inequality of diagnostic facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the in-hospital prevalence of congenital heart disease in children at the Mother-child hospital of Bingerville (HME) by specifying the diagnostic, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects. Materials and methods We conducted a retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study at HME of Bingerville from January 2021 to December 2022. All newborns with congenital heart disease confirmed by echocardiography were included in the study. Results Of 656 admissions to the neonatology department over the study period, congenital heart disease accounted for 14.9% (98/656) of cases. In our series, 76.7% were diagnosed before the 1st week of life, with a mean chronological age of 5.18 days and extremes of 0 and 46 days. There were as many male patients (50%) as female (50%), i.e. a sex ratio of 1. These newborns were premature in 60.2% of cases, with a mean and median gestational age of 34 weeks’ amenorrhea. Most were left-right shunts (90.8%). Persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (48.9%) predominated, followed by atrial septal defect (38.7%), ventricular septal defect (13.3%), common trunk artery (cTA) (3.1%) and open septal pulmonary atresia (OSPA) (1%) as the primary cyanogenic heart disease. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) (50%) was primary in 38.8% and secondary (61.2%). The mortality rate was 30.6%, and all cTA patients died (100%), with a significant statistical relationship (p = 0.027). Progression under treatment was marked by clinical stabilization (68/98) in 69.4% of cases. conclusion: congenital heart disease is relatively common at the Bingerville HME. Access to echocardiography should be facilitated in neonatology departments for rapid diagnosis and optimal management of congenital heart disease in newborns.

关键词： Newborn congenital Heart Disease côte d’Ivoire

combating an invisible enemy: The American military response to global pandemics

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Military Medical Research 2021年第3期8卷 326-335页

作者： Lauren K.Dutton Peter c.Rhee Alexander Y.Shin richard J.Ehrlichman richard J.Shemin Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo Clinic2001st Street SWRochesterMN 55905USA Navy Medicine Professional Development center BethesdaMD 20889USA United States Air Force Reserve the 60th Ops SquadronTravis AFBCA 94535USA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMA 02114USA Massachusetts National Guard United States ArmyHanscom AFBMA 01731USA Division of cardiac Surgery Department of SurgeryCardiovascular Center at UCLADavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCA 90095USA

The present moment is not the first time that America has found itself at war with a pathogen during a time of international conflict. Between crowded barracks at home and trenches abroad, wartime conditions helped enable the spread of influenza in the fall of 1918 during World War I such that an estimated 20%–40% of U.S. military members were infected. While the coronavirus disease 2019(cOVID-19) pandemic is unparalleled for most of today's population, it is essential to not view it as unprecedented lest the lessons of past pandemics and their effect on the American military be forgotten. This article provides a historical perspective on the effect of the most notable antecedent pandemic, the Spanish Influenza epidemic, on American forces with the goal of understanding the interrelationship of global pandemics and the military, highlighting the unique challenges of the current pandemic, and examining how the American military has fought back against pandemics both at home and abroad, both 100 years ago and today.

关键词： Pandemic Spanish influenza cOVID-19 Military Influenza

Molecular targets in the treatment of alcoholic hepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5504-5513页

作者： Ashwin D Dhanda richard WL Lee Peter L collins c Anne Mccune Department of Liver Medicine University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation TrustBS2 8HW BristolUnited Kingdom Department of cellular and Molecular Medicine School of Clinical SciencesUniversity of BristolBS9 1TD BristolUnited Kingdom

Alcohol related costs to health and society are high. One of the most serious complications of alcohol misuse to the individual is the development of alcoholic hepatitis (AH), a clinical syndrome of jaundice and progressive inflammatory liver injury in patients with a history of recent heavy alcohol use. It has a poor outcome and few existing successful therapies. The use of glucocorticoids in patients with severe AH is still controversial and there remains a group of patients with glucocorticoid-resistant disease. However, as our understanding of the pathogenesis of the condition improves there are opportunities to develop new targeted therapies with specific actions to control liver inflammation without having a detrimental effect on the immune system as a whole. In this article we review the molecular mechanisms of AH concentrating on the activation of the innate and adaptive immune response. We consider existing treatments including glucocorticoids, anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy and pentoxifylline and their limitations. Using our knowledge of the disease pathogenesis we discuss possible novel therapeutic approaches. New targets include pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-17, chemokines and their receptors (for example IL-8, cXcL9 and cXcR3) and augmentation of anti-inflam- matory molecules such as IL-10 and IL-22. And there is also future potential to consider combination therapy to selectively modulate the immune response and gain control of disease.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Tumour necrosis factor-m Pentoxifylline Interleukins chemokine receptors

Thismia tentaculata(Burmanniaceae tribe Thismieae) from Hong Kong:first record of the genus and tribe from continental china

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Journal of Systematics and Evolution 2009年第6期47卷 605-607页

作者： George W.c.HO Shek Shing MAR richard M.K.SAUNDERS 812 Fu Yuen HouseChuk Yuen South EstateHong KongChina Ying Wa college Hong KongChina Division of Ecology and Biodiversity School of Biological SciencesThe University of Hong Kong

Populations of Thismia tentaculata(Burmanniaceae tribe Thismieae) are described and illustrated from Tai Mo Shan in Hong Kong,southern *** represents the first report of the genus and tribe from continental china.

关键词： Burmanniaceae Hong Kong new record Thismiaceae Thismia tentaculata

Behavioral differences within and among populations of an African cichlid found in divergent and extreme environments

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current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 33-42页

作者： richard c. Oldham Lauren M. Pintor Suzanne M. Gray School of Environment and Natural Resources The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 USA

Animals are increasingly faced with human?induced stressors that vary in space and time, thus we can expect populati on-level diverge nee in behaviors that help animals to cope with en vironme ntal change. However, empirical evidenee of behavioral trait divergence across environmental extremes is lacking. We tested for variation in behavioral traits among 2 populations of an African cichlid fish (Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae Seegers, 1990) that experience extremes of dissolved oxygen (DO) and turbidity and are known to vary in a number of physiological and life history traits associated with these stressors. Using a comm on garden reari ng experime nt, F1 progeny from wild-caught parents originating from a swamp (low DO, clear) and a river (high DO, turbid) were reared in high DO, clear water. Predator simulation assays were conducted to test for (1) variation in boldness, general activity, and foraging activity between populations,(2) differences in correlations betwee n behaviors with in and across populati ons, and (3) repeatability of behaviors. There was strong evide nee for diverge nee betwee n populati ons, with swamp fish being more bold (i.e.z leaving refuge sooner after a simulated predator attack) and active (i.e., spent more time out of refuge) than river fish. Across populations there were positive correlations between foraging activity and both boldness and general activity;however, within populations, there was only a strong positive relationship between foraging activity and boldness in the river population. Here, we have demonstrated that populations that originate from drastically different environments can produce proge ny that exhibit measurable differences in behaviors and their correlated relati on ships eve n whe n reared un der comm on conditions.

关键词： behavioral correlation behavioral syndrome boldness hypoxia pace of life turbidity

Speciation, sources, and risk assessment of heavy metals in suburban vegetable garden soil in Xianyang city, Northwest china

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第2期12卷 397-407页

作者： Lijun WANG Wendong TAO richard c. SMARDON Xue XU Xinwei LU Department of Environmental Science College of Tourism and Environment Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China college of Environmental Science and Forestry State University of New York NY 13201 USA

Intensive anthropogenic activities can lead to soil heavy metal contamination resulting in potential risks to the environment and to human health. To reveal the concentrations, speciation, sources, pollution level, and ecological risk of heavy metals in vegetable garden soil, a total of 136 soil samples were collected from three vegetable production fields in the suburbs of Xianyang city, Northwest china. These samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma- atomic emission spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the mean concentrations of cd, co, cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, and Hg in vegetable garden soil were higher than the corresponding soil element background values of Shaanxi Province. The heavy metals studied in vegetable garden soil were primarily found in the residual fraction, averaging from 31.26% (Pb) to 90.23% (cr). considering the non-residual fractions, the mobility or potential risk was in the order of Pb (68.74%)>co (60.54%)>Mn (59.28%) >cd (53.54%) ≫Ni (23.36%) >Zn (22.73%)>cu (14.93%)>V (11.81%)>cr (9.78%). cr, Mn, Ni, V, and As in the studied soil were related to soilforming parent materials, while cu, Hg, Zn, cd, co, and Pb were associated with the application of plastic films, fertilizers, and pesticides, as well as traffic emissions and industrial fumes. cr, Ni, V, and As presented low contamination levels, whereas co, cu, Mn, Pb, and Zn levels were moderate, and cd and Hg were high. Ecological risk was low for co, cr, cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, and As, with high risk observed for cd and Hg. The overall pollution level and ecological risk of these heavy metals were high.

关键词： heavy metal speciation source pollution level ecological risk vegetable garden soil

Polarization variability arising from clumps in the winds of Wolf-Rayet stars

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chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第5期9卷 558-576页

作者： Qing-Kang Li Joseph E cassinelli John c. Brown richard Ignace Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Department of Astronomy University of Wisconsin-Madison 53711 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland UK Department of Physics and Astronomy Eastern Tennessee State University USA

Polarimetric and photometric variability of Wolf-Rayet （WR） stars as caused by clumps in the winds is revisited. In our model, which is improved from Li et al., radial expansion of the thickness is accounted for, but we retain dependence on the β velocity law and stellar occultation effects. We again search for parameters that can yield results consistent with observations in regards to the mean polarization p, the ratio R = σp/σphot of polarimetric to photometric variability and the volume filling factor fV. clump generation and spatial distribution are randomized by the Monte carlo method so as to produce clumps which are, in the mean, distributed uniformly in space and have time intervals that obey a Gaussian distribution. The generated clumps move radially outward with a velocity law determined by a β index, and the angular size of clumps is assumed to be fixed. By fitting the observed σp/σphot and the volume filling factor fv, clump velocity taw index β （- 2） and clump ejection rate .N （- 1） are inferred, and are found to be well constrained. In addition, the subpeak features of broad emission lines seem to support the clump ejection rate. Meanwhile, the fraction of total mass loss rate that is contained in clumps is obtained by fitting observed polarization. We conclude that this picture of the clumps＇ properties produces a valuable diagnostic of WR wind structure.

关键词： stars mass loss -- stars Wolf-Rayet -- stars winds, outflows