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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第2期9卷 247-249页

作者： Monica Cheng richard b.gunderman Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Obesity represents a growing health problem in the United States and worldwide,with a prevalence that has doubled since 1980(1).In the United States,70%of adults and 37%of adolescents are overweight or *** chronic health implications of obesity make it a public health issue with significant economic *** promoting an altered whole-body physiology,obesity increases the risk for chronic diseases including diabetes,cardiovascular disease,and cancer(2).

关键词： obesity cancer cardiovascular

Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell biology(IbMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal Department of biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(AD).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

biodiversity science blossoms in China

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 60-61页

作者： richard b.Primack biology Department Boston University

Over the past 35 years, China has been transformed by an economic miracle unlike anything seen in the history of the world. Hundreds of millions of people have emerged from rural poverty, cities have been re-built, cutting-edge industries have been established and a modern transportation network now knits together the country. This transformation has come at a significant cost to the environment, in terms of air pollution, water pollution, the loss and fragmentation of habitats, and threats of species extinction. Yet, as the review by Mi et al.(2021) points out, China is also now emerging as a leader in biodiversity conservation and research [1].

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The discovery of magnetotactic/magnetosensitive bacteria

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2009年第1期27卷 1-2页

作者： richard b. FRANKEL Department of Physics California Polytechnic State University San Luis Obispo

Magnetotactic bacteria orient and migrate along magnetic field lines in aquatic habitats. The first paper on this phenomenon was written by richard P. blakemore （blakemore, 1975; 1982）.

关键词： magnetotaxis magnetosensitivity bacteria discovery

AC Impedance behaviour of black Diamond Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2005年第6期21卷 879-882页

作者： Olivier GAUDIN richard b.JACKMAN Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK

The first measurement of impedance on free-standing diamond films from 0.1 Hz to 10 MHz up to 300℃ were reported. A wide range of chemical vapour deposition （CVD） materials were investigated, but here we concentrate on ‘black＇ diamond grown by microwave plasma enhanced CVD （MWPECVD）. The Cole-Cole （Z′ via Z″） plots are well fitted to a RC parallel circuit model and the equivalent resistance and capacitance for the diamond films have been estimated using the Zview curve fitting. The results show only one single semicircle response at each temperature measured. It was found that the resistance decreases from 62 MΩ at room temperature to 4 kΩ at 300℃, with an activation energy around 0.51 eV. The equivalent capacitance is maintained at the level of 100 pF up to 300℃ suggesting that the diamond grain boundaries are dominating the conduction. At 400℃, the impedance at low frequencies shows a linear tail, which can be explained that the AC polarization of diamond/Au interface occurs.

关键词： black diamond Impedance spectroscopy Activation energy

Advances in acute and chronic pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第7期29卷 1194-1201页

作者： Williamson b Strum Clement richard boland Department of Gastroenterology Scripps ClinicLa JollaCA 92037United States Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92037United States

Acute pancreatitis(AP)and chronic pancreatitis are the third leading gastrointestinal causes for admissions and readmissions to hospitals in the United *** review of articles published between 2019-2022(December)from international sources identified four categories of crucial new findings:The report includes(1)New genetic pathogenic mutations(TRPV6);expected genetic outcomes in a Northern European population;(2)a new serum diagnostic marker for AP-fatty acid ethyl esters-distinguishing acute pancreatitis associated with alcohol;explanations of the impact of monocytes/macrophages on the inflammatory process that defines their future in diagnosis,staging,and treatment;(3)innovations in timing of per os low-fat,solid food intake immediately on admission;resolution of concepts of aggressive parenteral fluid intake;dramatic shifts to nonoperative from operative treatment of infected pancreatic *** modification reduced interventions,complications,and lengths-of-stay;and(4)authoritarian recommendations for medical treatment of chronic *** advances offer opportunities to initiate newly proven treatments to enhance outcomes,alter the natural history,and envision the future of two diseases that have no known cure.

关键词： Genetics New diagnostics Macrophage regulation New approaches to early feeding Fluid management

Does foraging mode affect metabolic responses to feeding？ A study of pygopodid lizards

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Current Zoology 2013年第5期59卷 618-625页

作者： Michael WALL Michael b. THOMPSON richard SHINE School of biological Sciences A08 University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Current address: 4940 Anza St. #4 San Francisco CA 94121 USA

Foraging mode （ambush vs. active） profoundly affects many aspects of organismal biology, including metabolic rates and their relationship with food intake. Previous studies on snakes suggest that ambushers tend to have lower standard metabolic rates （SMR） and higher energetic costs of digestion and assimilation of prey （specific dynamic action, or SDA） than do active foragers. However, phylogenetic considerations may be at least partly responsible for such patterns, as foraging mode is strongly conserved evolutionarily and most SDA studies have focused on species from only two lineages of ambush foragers （pythonid and viperid snakes） and one lineage of active foragers （colubrid snakes）. We sought to deconfound the effects of phylogeny and foraging mode, investigating SMR and SDA in two closely related pygopodid lizards, the common scaly-foot Pygopus lepidopo- dus （active forager） and burton＇s legless lizard Lialis burtonis （ambush forager）. Consistent with the pattern seen in snakes, L. burtonis exhibits a significantly lower SMR and a higher SDA than does P lepidopodus. The magnitude of SDA in L. burtonis is comparable to that of some pythons and vipers, providing yet more evidence for the remarkable convergence between this species and ambush-foraging snakes [Current Zoology 59 （5）： 618-625, 2013].

关键词： Ecology Metabolic rates Reptile Specific dynamic action

THE YANGTZE RIVER DOLPHIN IS EXTINCT: WHAT IS THE MESSAGE?

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植物生态学报 2007年第3期31卷 544-545页

作者： richard b. Primack biology Department Boston University5 Cummington Street Boston MA 02459 USA

In recent decades, the Yangtze River dolphin or baiji (Lipotes vexillifer) gradually declined while the world stood by. Wildlife biologists, conservationists, and government officials discussed the merits of protectin... 详细信息

关键词：江豚种质资源绝种野生种原因分析

From Neurons to Cognition:Technologies for Precise Recording of Neural Activity Underlying behavior

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biomedical Engineering Frontiers 2020年第1期1卷 64-83页

作者： richard H.Roth Jun b.Ding Department of Neurosurgery Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Understanding how brain activity encodes information and controls behavior is a long-standing question in *** complex problem requires converging efforts from neuroscience and engineering,including technological solutions to perform high-precision and large-scale recordings of neuronal activity in vivo as well as unbiased methods to reliably measure and quantify *** to advances in genetics,molecular biology,engineering,and neuroscience,in recent decades,a variety of optical imaging and electrophysiological approaches for recording neuronal activity in awake animals have been developed and widely applied in the ***,sophisticated computer vision and machine learning algorithms have been developed to analyze animal *** this review,we provide an overview of the current state of technology for neuronal recordings with a focus on optical and electrophysiological methods in *** addition,we discuss areas that future technological development will need to cover in order to further our understanding of the neural activity underlying behavior.

关键词： recording lying technological

Discrete element simulation of cylindrical particles using super-ellipsoids

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Particuology 2019年第5期17卷 55-66页

作者： Yongzhi Zhao Lei Xu Paul b. Umbanhowar richard M. Lueptow Institute of Process Equipment College of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Department of Chemical and biological Engineering Northwestern University Evanston. Illinois 60208 USA The Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems (NICO) Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA

A discrete element model based on super-ellipsoids was used to simulate cylindrical particle flow. The model can describe a cylindrical particle accurately provided the shape indices of the super-ellipsoids are set to appropriate values. To achieve more rapid calculations, we implemented an "oriented bounding box algorithm"(ObbA) for the initial contact detection of cylindrical particles. Several types of Simulations were performed to validate the super-ellipsoid model and the contact-detection algorithm. First, the effect of shape index of the super-ellipsoids on model accuracy was investigated through three simulations: impact of a cylindrical particle on a flat wall, flow of cylindrical particles in a rotating tumbler, and segregation of cylindrical particles of different length flowing down a bounded heap. The simulation results show that the super-ellipsoids describe cylindrical particles accurately when the shape index that specifies the sharpness of the cylinder edges is sufficiently large. The efficiency of the ObbA is measured by simulations in which a box is filled with cylindrical particles and a tumbler that contains cylindrical particles is rotated. The simulation results show that the ObbA can accelerate the calculations significantly. The effect of particle shape (such as aspect ratio and shape index) on the calculation speed was obtained. The simulation of rod-like particles tended to take more calculation time than that of disk-like particles, and the simulation time increased with an increasing particle-shape index.

关键词： Discrete element method Super-ellipsoid Super-quadric Cylindrical particle Non-spherical particle Granular material