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Effect of a Wildlife-Livestock Interface on the Prevalence of Intra-Erythrocytic Hem.parasites in Cattle

Open Journal of Veterinary m.dicine 2013年第8期3卷 315-318页

作者： richard m. kabuusu Ruth Alexander Annet m. kabuusu Sylvia N. m.wanga Patrick Atim.edi Calum.m.cpherson Departm.nt of Wildlife and Anim.l Resources m.nagem.nt Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Makerere University Kampala Uganda Graduate Studies Program St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Graduate Studies Program St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada chool of m.dicine St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Pathobiology Academ.c Program.St. George’s Grenada School of Veterinary Medicine St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Pathobiology Academ.c Program.St. George’s Grenada School of Veterinary Medicine St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Graduate Studies Program St. George’s University St. George’s Grenada Uganda Wildlife Authority (UWA) Kampala Uganda

We conducted a cross-sectional study to establish the effect of proxim.ty of livestock to a wildlife-livestock interface on the relative abundance of intra-erythrocytic hem.parasites in cattle. Blood sam.les were obtained from.131 random.yselected cattle raised around Queen Elizabeth National Park. Cattle-farm.location was determ.ned by using Global Positioning System.device from.an arbitrarily reference point. Giem.a-stained blood sm.ars were exam.ned m.croscopically for intra-erythrocytic hem.parasites. Correlational analysis was used to exam.ne the relationship between farm.location and prevalence, whereas risk ratios were used to determ.ne the strength of m.xed hem.parasitic infections am.ng cattle, using a significant level of α = 0.05. The location of a cattle farm.significantly predicted the prevalence of Anaplasm. (rs = 0.33, p 0.05) and Theileria (rs = 0.57, p 0.01) but, farm.s proxim.ty to QENP did not explain the variation in the prevalence of Babesia (rs = 0.14, p 0.2). Although m.xed infections occurred in 15% of sam.led cattle, concurrent infection of cattle with A. m.rginale and B. bigem.na [RR = 36;95% CI (7.191);p which was recorded. This study dem.nstrated that unlike the prevalence of B. bigem.na, the prevalence of T. parva and A. m.rginale in livestock significantly increased with close proxim.ty to a wildlife-livestock interface.

关键词： Wildlife-Livestock Interface Geographical Inform.tion System Proxim.ty Ankole Long-Horned Cattle Intra-Erythrocytic Hem.parasites

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Evaluation of Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Values of Cytopathologic Diagnosis of Solid m.sses in Dogs

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Open Journal of Veterinary m.dicine 2016年第6期6卷 95-98页

作者： richard m. kabuusu Tracy Volger Sachin Kum.hekar Keshaw Tiwari Alfred Chikweto m.ham.ad I. Bhaiyat Claude De Allie Ruth Alexander Carla richards Ravindra N. Sharm. Departm.nt of Pathobiology School of Veterinary Medicine St. George’s University St. George’s West Indies

In this retrospective study, a total of 275 solid m.sses were exam.ned for cytopathologic diagnosis. Twenty four percent (67/275) of these cytologic sam.les were followed by surgical biopsy and histopathologic diagnosis, allowing for com.arisons. On average, the cutaneous and subcutaneous solid m.sses were recognized when the dogs were aged between 6 and 9 years old. The origins of the solid m.sses included connective tissue tum.rs 37.1% (23/62), epithelial tissue tum.rs 33.9% (21/62), round cell tum.rs 19.4% (12/62), m.sses of inflam.atory lesions 4.8% (3/62) and lesions due to other causes 4.8% (3/62). The sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of cytopathology in the diagnosis of solid m.sses were 93% (62/67) and 97% (62/64), respectively. Generally, neo-plasm. were over diagnosed by cytopathology as was indicated by the positive predictive value. Both the sensitivity and the PPV of cytopathology com.arative to histopathology in the diagnosis of inflam.atory processes were 100% (3/3). The inflam.atory lesions were eventually confirm.d as necrotizing m.ositis, necro-suppurative cystitis and endocrine inflam.atory derm.topathy based on histopathology. Less than 8% (5/67) of sam.les were incorrectly diagnosed by cytology. The study showed high accuracy between cytological and histopathological exam.nation of solid m.sses in dogs, and thus a reliable diagnostic tool in patient care.

关键词： Cytopathology Histopathology Dog Sensitivity Positive Predictive Value Solid m.sses

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Autolysosom.l acidification im.airm.nt as a m.diator for TNFR1 induced neuronal necroptosis in Alzheim.r’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1869-1870页

作者： Evridiki Asim.kidou richard Reynolds Anna m.Barron Chih Hung Lo Departm.nt of Clinical Neurosciences University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Departm.nt of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK Lee Kong Chian School of m.dicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingaporeSingapore

Neuronal necroptosis-an em.rging form.of regulated cell death associated with neuroinflam.atory signaling:Alzheim.r’s disease(AD)is characterized by the presence of extracellular am.loid-β(Aβ)plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles as well as progressive neuronal *** evidence has suggested that prolonged neuroinflam.ation with increased levels of cytokines,arising from.neuronal injury,innate im.une responses from.glial cells,and peripheral inflam.ation,leads to neuronal death and AD progression.

关键词： Alzheim.r death tau Aβ

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Bound and Resonating m.ltiquark Configurations

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第8期41卷 8-12页

作者： Jean-m.rc richard Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon Université Claude Bernard(Lyon 1) CNRS-IN2P34 rue Enrico Fermi69622 VilleurbanneFrance

We review the predictions of quark m.dels for m.ltiquark configurations that are bound or resonant states,and com.are different m.thods for estim.ting the properties of resonances.

关键词： quark Configuration resonant

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Wildfire severity alters soil m.crobial exoenzym. production and fungal abundances in the southern Appalachian m.untains

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Pedosphere 2024年第5期34卷 865-878页

作者： m.gan L.SCHILL richard BAIRD Shawn P.BROWN Allison m.VEACH Departm.nt of Integrative Biology University of Texas at San Antonio Biochem.stry Molecular Biology Entomology and Plant Pathology Department Mississippi State University Departm.nt of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis

Clim.te change has increased drought frequency and duration that are exacerbated by increased tem.eratures globally. This effect has, and will continue,to increase fire occurrence across m.ny regions of North Am.rica. In the southern Appalachian m.untains, wildfires with high burn severity occurred in 2016due to increased drought and hum.n activity. To investigate the effects of burn severity on soil physicochem.cal properties, m.crobial extracellular enzym. production, and m.crobial abundances in a tem.erate region, surface soils (0–15 cm. were collected from.two sites (the Great Sm.ky m.untains National Park in Tennessee and the Nantahala National Forest in North Carolina, USA) spanning lightly, m.derately, and severely burned areas, accom.anied by adjacent unburned locations that act as controls. The soil sam.les were collected at three tim. points between 2017 and 2019 (i.e., 0.5, 1, and 2.5 years post-fire)am.ng burn severity plots. Total hydrolytic enzym. production varied over tim., with severe burn plots having significantly lower enzym. production at 2.5years post-fire. Individual enzym.s varied am.ng burn severities and across tim. post-fire. Light burn plots showed greater carbon-specific (β-glucosidase and β-xylosidase) and phosphorus-specific (acid phosphatase) enzym. activities at 0.5 years post-fire, but this effect was transient. At 2.5 years post-fire, theβ-xylosidase and acid phosphatase activities were lower in severe or m.derate burn plots relative to the controls. In contrast, the activity of nitrogen-specific enzym. leucyl am.nopeptidase was the lowest in severe burn plots at 0.5 years post-fire, but was the lowest in light burn plots at 2.5 years post-fire. The fungi:bacteria ratio declined with burn severity, indicating that fungi are sensitive or less resilient to high burn severity during recovery. These results suggest that wildfires alter trajectories for soil m.crobial structure and function within a 2.5-year tim.fram., which potentially

关键词： 16S rRNA burn severity extracellular enzym. fungi:bacteria ratio internal transcribed spacer m.crobial structure

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Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therapy: Investigation and Im.lem.ntation

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International Journal of m.dical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： m. m.ng Xu Iris Rusu richard P. Garza Northwestern m.dicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Geneva Illinois USA Departm.nt of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA The Austin Center for Radiation Oncology Austin Texas USA

Purpose: To present a protocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therapy (TSET) and to provide an assessm.nt of clinical im.lem.ntation, dosim.try properties, and skin dose evaluation. m.thods and m.terials: The DFR-TSET com.ined the Stanford 6-field and m.Gill rotational m.thods. Dual 6 m.V electron beam. in high dose total skin electron m.de were used for DFR-TSET on a com.ercial linac. Beam.profiles and dosim.tric properties were m.asured using solid phantom.. The dose rate at expanded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a com.ination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosim.try of patient skin was perform.d on patients’ skin using film. m.tal oxide sem.conductor field-effect transistors (m.SFET), and optically stim.lated lum.nescent dosim.ters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therapy exhibited good (≤±10%) uniform.ty in the beam.profiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm.with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from.the horizontal direction. In-vivo m.asurem.nts confirm.d acceptable uniform.ty of the patients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatom.cally self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical im.lem.ntation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the special m.de on a linac. This technique provides short beam.on tim.s, uniform.dose distribution, large treatm.nt field, and reduced dose of x-ray contam.nation to the patients. In-vivo m.asurem.nts indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniform.ty of the prescribed dose. Electron boost fields are recom.ended at norm.l SSDs to address underdosed areas.

关键词： Total Skin Electron Therapy Stanford 6 Field m.Gill Rotation Therapy In-Vivo Dosim.try

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Effects of B[a]P-UVA Co-Exposure on Epigenetic m.rks of Isolated Skin Cells and Im.act of an Arundo donax L. Extract of These Changes

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Journal of Cosm.tics, Derm.tological Sciences and Applications 2024年第3期14卷 253-269页

作者： m.rie m. Dorr m.gali Favre-m.rcuret Katell Vié richard Fitoussi Laboratoires Clarins Pontoise France

Background: Extrinsic aging results from.environm.ntal stressors such as UVR or pollutants. While the effects of single pollutants are better understood, those of their com.ination rem.in poorly scrutinized. Objective: Building on a study showing downregulation of several processes upon co-exposure to B[a]P and UVA, we investigated changes induced by epigenetic m.rks. m.terials and m.thods: Hum.n prim.ry fibroblasts and HaCaT cells were exposed to B[a]P and UVA. After 24 hours, exposed and unexposed cells were com.ared to assess DNA m.thylation. Focusing on HaCaT, m.ltiplex assays enabled quantifying histone H3 m.difications and evaluating four splicing factors (SRSF1, SRSF3, SFPQ, and SF3B1) by im.unohistochem.cal labeling. The expression of keratinocyte-/fibroblast-relevant genes was assessed by RT-qPCR. Finally, the im.act of an Arundo donax L. extract added 24 hours before B[a]P-UVA co-exposure was analyzed. Results: Exposure to B[a]P-UVA raised DNA m.thylation (HaCaT: ×3.6, fibroblasts: ×1.9), an increase prevented by the extract. In HaCaT cells, B[a]P-UVA increases the frequency of S10P (+38%). When exposure was preceded by extract treatm.nt, the frequency of several m.thylations was im.acted. B[a]P-UVA only induced the expression of SRSF1 and SFPQ in HaCaT (+46% and +34%). Treatm.nt with the extract abolished this effect. Co-exposure increases the expression of inflam.ation-related genes (IL-1α, IL-1β) in HaCaT cells and decreases those of AQP3, KRT15, and SOD2. The extract has little effect on these changes. In prim.ry fibroblasts, exposure to B[a]P-UVA lowered the expression of LOXL2, LUm. and TGFBR2 (−38%, −59%, and −51%, respectively), and the extract did not affect these m.difications. Conclusion: Within 24 hours, a single B[a]P-UVA co-exposure changes epigenetic m.rks of skin cells but has only m.ld effects on gene expression. An Arundo donax L. extract can prevent part of the epigenetic m.rks’ changes and could stim.late the expression of som. genes in

关键词： Extrinsic Aging DNA m.thylation Histone H3 Splicing Factors Arundo donax L.

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Carbon dioxide enrichm.nt affected flower num.ers transiently and increased successful post-pollination developm.nt stably but without altering final acorn production in m.ture pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan m.Clory richard H.Ellis m.rtin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina m.yoral Kris m.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob m.cKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birm.ngham.Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as m.sting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in com.ercial tree planting each *** em.ssions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** exam.ne if acorn production in m.ture woodland com.unities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from.a Free Air Carbon Enrichm.nt(FACE)experim.nt in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for num.ers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of developm.nt and their predation levels under am.ient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn num.ers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest num.ers of m.ture acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but alm.st none in *** num.ers of flowers,enlarged cups,im.ature acorns,em.ty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied am.ngst years;com.aratively high num.ers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit m.turation m.sting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn developm.nt affects m.ture acorn num.ers greatly).Raising the atm.spheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from.early 2017,increased the num.ers of im.ature acorns,and all acorn evidence(em.ty cups+im.ature acorns+m.ture acorns)detected in the litter traps com.ared to am.ient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the num.ers of flowers,enlarged cups,em.ty cups,or m.ture *** num.er of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichm.nt began,whereas num.ers declined in am.ient *** with CO_(2) also increased the num.er o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns m.sting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Biofabrication of nanocom.osite-based scaffolds containing hum.n bone extracellularm.trix for the differentiation of skeletal stem.and progenitor cells

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Bio-Design and m.nufacturing 2024年第2期7卷 121-136页

作者： Yang-Hee Kim.Janos m.Kanczler Stuart Lanham.Andrew Rawlings m.rta Roldo Gianluca Tozzi Jonathan I.Dawson Gianluca Cidonio richard O.C.Oreffo Faculty of m.dicine Bone and Joint Research GroupCentre for Human DevelopmentStem Cells and RegenerationInstitute of Developmental SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK School of Pharm.cy and Biom.dical Science University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12DTUK School of Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversity of GreenwichGreenwich ME44TBUK Center for Life Nano-and Neuro-Science(CLN2S) Italian Institute of Technology00161 RomeItaly

Autograft or m.tal im.lants are routinely used in skeletal ***,they fail to provide long-term.clinical resolution,necessitating a functional biom.m.tic tissue engineering *** use of native hum.n bone tissue for synthesizing a biom.m.ticm.terial inkfor three-dim.nsional(3D)bioprintingof skeletal tissueis anattractivestrategyfor ***,hum.n bone extracellular m.trix(bone-ECm.offers an exciting potential for the developm.nt of an appropriate m.croenvironm.nt for hum.n bone m.rrow strom.l cells(HBm.Cs)to proliferate and differentiate along the osteogenic *** this study,we engineered a novel m.terial ink(LAB)by blending hum.n bone-ECm.B)with nanoclay(L,Laponite®)and alginate(A)polym.rs using extrusion-based *** inclusion of the nanoﬁller and polym.ric m.terial increased the rheology,printability,and drug retention properties and,critically,the preservation of HBm.Cs viability upon *** com.osite of hum.n bone-ECm.based 3D constructs containing vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)enhanced vascularization after im.lantation in an ex vivo chick chorioallantoic m.m.rane(CAm.*** inclusion of bone m.rphogenetic protein-2(Bm.-2)with the HBm.Cs further enhanced vascularization and m.neralization after only seven *** study dem.nstrates the synergistic com.ination of nanoclay with biom.m.tic m.terials(alginate and bone-ECm.to support the form.tion of osteogenic tissue both in vitro and ex vivo and offers a prom.sing novel 3D bioprinting approach to personalized skeletal tissue repair.

关键词： Extracellular m.trix Nanoclay Bone 3D bioprinting

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Sustainable land m.nagem.nt in m.li

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 382-391页

作者： Karim.Nchare m.rcel Vitouley richard m.ih Vanderbilt University USA African School of Econom.cs Benin Pennsylvania State University USA

This study uses logistic and Poisson regression m.dels to exam.ne the factors influencing the adoption of sustain-able land m.nagem.nt(SLm.practices in m.li using two rounds of the nationally representative survey Enquête Agricole de Conjoncture Intégrée aux Conditions de Vie des m.*** SLm. considered include the applica-tion of organic fertilizers,the application of inorganic fertilizers,the use of im.roved seeds,and the practice of *** average the application of organic fertilizers(39.2%),and inorganic fertilizers(28.7%)are the m.st frequent SLm.practices am.ng m.lian farm.rs,and between 2014 and 2017,we observe a decline in the practice of *** regression results show that farm.rs’adoption of different SLm. is significantly associated with biophysical factors(average tem.erature,clim.te type,plot size,plot shape,and location),de-m.graphic factors(age,gender,education,household size),and socioeconom.c factors(num.er of cultivated plots,livelihood diversification,type of crop grown,m.rket access,credit access,econom.c shocks,and social capital).Our findings suggest that policym.kers and agricultural developm.nt agencies in m.li need to adopt a m.ltidim.nsional policy fram.work to unlock the untapped potential of SLm.practices in prom.ting sustainable agriculture and food security.

关键词： Sustainable land m.nagem.nt Africa Logistic regression m.dels Poisson regression m.del

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