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Safeguarding our future by protecting biodiversity

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Plant diversity 2020年第4期42卷 221-228页

作者： richa.d t.corlett Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan666303China

the Anthropocene is marked by twin crises:climate change and biodiversity *** change has tended to dominate the headlines,reflecting,in part,the greater complexity of the biodiversity *** itself is a difficult *** plants dominate the global biomass and terrestrial arthropods probably dominate in terms of numbers of species,but most of the tree of Life consists of single-celled eukaryotes,bacteria,and *** plants provide a huge variety of products and services to people,ranging from those that are species-specific,such as food,medicine,and genetic resources,to many which are partly interchangeable,such as timber and forage for domestic animals,and others which depend on the whole community,but not on individual species,such as regulation of water supply and carbon *** use of information from remote sensing has encouraged a simplified view of the values of nature's contributions to people,but this does not match the way most people value *** can currently estimate the proportion of species threatened by human impacts only for a few well-assessed groups,for which it ranges from 14%(birds)to 63%(cycads).Less than 8%of land plants have been assessed,but it has been estimated that 30e44%are threatened,although there are still few(0.2%)well-documented *** for improving protection of biodiversity include:improving the inventory,with surveys focused on geographical areas and taxonomic groups which are under-collected;expanding the protected area system and its representativeness;controlling overexploitation;managing invasive species;conserving threatened species ex situ;restoring degraded ecosystems;and controlling climate *** Convention on Biological diversity(CBd)COP15 and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC)COP26 meetings,both postponed to 2021,will provide an opportunity to address both crises,but success will require high ambition from all participants.

关键词： Anthropocene Climate change Conservation Ecosystem services Values

Plant diversity in a changing world: status,trends,and conservation needs

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植物分类与资源学报 2016年第1期38卷 11-18页

作者： richa.d t.corlett Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of Sciences

the conservation of plants has not generated the sense of urgency—or the funding—that drives the conservation of animals,although plants are far more important for us. there are an estimated 500,000 species of land plants( angiosperms,gymnosperms,ferns,lycophytes,and bryophytes),with diversity strongly concentrated in the humid tropics. Many species are still unknown to science. Perhaps a third of all land plants are at risk of extinction,including many that are undescribed,or are described but otherwise data deficient. there have been few known global extinctions so far,but many additional species have not been recorded recently and may be extinct. Although only a minority of plant species have a specific human use,many more play important roles in natural ecosystems and the services they provide,and rare species are more likely to have unusual traits that could be useful in the future. the major threats to plant diversity include habitat loss,fragmentation,and degradation,overexploitation,invasive species,pollution,and anthropogenic climate change. Conservation of plant diversity is a massive task if viewed globally,but the combination of a well-designed and well-managed protected area system and ex situ gap-filling and back-up should work anywhere. the most urgent needs are for the completion of the global botanical inventory and an assessment of the conservation status of the 94% of plant species not yet evaluated,so that both in and ex situ conservation can be targeted ***,the biggest conservation gap is in the hyperdiverse lowland tropics and this is where attention needs to be focused.

关键词：植物学植物分类植物生态学植物演化

decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2/HCoV-19)using whole genomic data

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Zoological Research 2020年第3期41卷 247-257页

作者： Wen-Bin Yu Guang-da tang Li Zhang richa.d t.corlett Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical GardensChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Henry Fok College of Biology and Agriculture Shaoguan UniversityShaoguanGuangdong 512005China College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510642China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China

the outbreak of COVId-19 started in mid-december2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020,SARS-CoV-2(HCoV-19/2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study,we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAId EpiFlu tM database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months of the *** constructed haplotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, performed phylogenomic analyses and estimated the potential population size changes of the virus. the date of population expansion was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau(τ)using the formula t=τ/2 u. A total of 120 substitution sites with 119 codons, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions, were found in eight coding-regions in the SARS-CoV-2 *** non-synonymous substitutions are potentially associated with virus adaptation. No combinations were detected. the 58 haplotypes(31 found in samples from China and 31 from outside China)were identified in 93 viral genomes under study and could be classified into five groups. By applying the reported bat coronavirus genome(bat-RatG13-CoV)as the outgroup, we found that haplotypes H13 and H38 might be considered as ancestral haplotypes,and later H1 was derived from the intermediate haplotype H3. the population size of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have undergone a recent expansion on 06 January 2020, and an early expansion on 08 december 2019. Furthermore,phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific directions of human-to-human transmissions and the potential sources for international infected cases.

关键词： COVId-19 HCoV-19 SARS-CoV-2 Novel pneumonia outbreak Human-to-human transmission Phyloepidemiology

Comparative analyses of mitogenomes in the social bees with insights into evolution of long inverted repeats in the Meliponini

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 160-175页

作者： Yu-Ran Li Zheng-Wei Wang richa.d t.corlett Wen-Bin Yu Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants&Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China CAS Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnan 666303China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Shijingshan DistrictBeijing 100049China

the insect mitogenome is typically a compact circular molecule with highly conserved gene ***,mitogenome structural variations have been reported in specific taxa,and gene rearrangements,usually the tRNAs,occur in different *** synapomorphies of mitogenome organizations can provide information for phylogenetic inferences,comparative analyses of mitogenomes have been given increasing ***,most studies use a very few species to represent the whole genus,tribe,family,or even order,overlooking potential variations at lower taxonomic levels,which might lead to some incorrect *** provide new insights into mitogenome organizations and their implications for phylogenetic inference,this study conducted comparative analyses for mitogenomes of three social bee tribes(Meliponini,Bombini,and Apini)based on the phylogenetic framework with denser taxonomic sampling at the species and population *** analyses revealed that mitogenomes of Apini and Bombini are the typical type,while those of Meliponini show diverse variations in mitogenome sizes and *** inverted repeats(IRs)cause significant gene rearrangements of protein coding genes(PCGs)and rRNAs in Indo-Malay/Australian stingless bee *** evolution analyses showed that the lineage with IRs have lower dN/dS ratios for PCGs than lineages without IRs,indicating potential effects of IRs on the evolution of mitochondrial *** finding of IRs and different patterns of gene rearrangements suggested that Meliponini is a hotspot in mitogenome *** conserved PCGs and rRNAs whose rearrangements were found only in the mentioned lineages within Meliponini,tRNA rearrangements are common across all three tribes of social bees,and are significant even at the species level,indicating that comprehensive sampling is needed to fully understand the patterns of tRNA rearrangements,and their implications for phylogenetic inference.

关键词： Social bees Phylogeny Mitogenome structure Gene rearrangement Inverted repeats

the potential for biochar application in rubber plantations in Xishuangbanna,Southwest China:a pot trial

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Biochar 2021年第1期3卷 65-76页

作者： Libing Pan Fanzhen Xu Huizhu Mo richa.d t.corlett Liqing Sha CAS Key Laboratory of tropical Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303YunnanChina Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMengla 666303YunnanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Biochar can enhance crop production and sequester carbon,but there have been few studies with tree *** plantations cover more than 8 million hectares in Southeast Asia,so we assessed the feasibility of biochar application in these plantations with a pot *** seedlings were planted in soil with four concentrations(0,1.25%,2.5% and 5%,w/w)of biochar combined with two concentrations of compound fertilizer(0 kg/ha and 300 kg/ha).Soil properties and seedling growth were measured,and a leaching experiment was conducted in the rainy *** results show that biochar increased pH,water content(27.4-65.1%),total carbon(25.4-53.6%),nitrate nitrogen,and available phosphorus in the soil,and decreased bulk density(3.2-23.9%).Biochar treatment reduced leaching of ammonium nitrogen and *** increased seedling nutrient uptake(C,N,P and K),with 2.5% and 5% biochar showing the largest effects,but seedling biomass was the highest with 1.25%,and declined in 2.5% and 5%.Our results suggest that biochar addition is an effective way to improve rubber plantation soils,sequester more carbon and decrease nutrient leaching,but the optimum application rate under field conditions needs further research.

关键词： Biochar Soil properties Nutrient leaching Rubber seedlings Biomass

A short note on seed dispersal by colobines:the case of the proboscis monkey

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第4期8卷 395-399页

作者： Ikki MAtSUdA Seigo HIGASHI Yosuke OtANI Augustine tUUGA Henry BERNARd richa.d t.corlett Primate Research Institute Kyoto UniversityInuyamaJapan Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan Sabah Wildlife department SabahMalaysia Institute for tropical Biology&Conservation University of Malaysia SabahSabahMalaysia Xishuangbanna tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesMenglaYunnanChina

Although the role of primates in seed dispersal is generally well recognized,this is not the case for colobines,which are widely distributed in Asian and African tropical *** consume leaves,seeds and fruits,usually unripe.A group of proboscis monkeys(Colobinae,Nasalis larvatus)consisting of 1 alpha-male,6 adult females and several immatures,was observed from May 2005 to May 2006.A total of 400 fecal samples from focal group members covering 13 months were examined,with over 3500 h of focal observation data on the group members in a forest along the Menanggul River,Sabah,*** small seeds were only found in 23 of 71 samples in Nov 2005,15 of 38 in dec 2005 and 5 of 21 in Mar *** of Ficus(allth)were found in all 3 months and seeds from Antidesma thwaitesianum(alld Nauclea subdita(alld dec,which was consistent with members of the study group consuming fruits of these species mostly at these *** our knowledge,these are the fi rst records of seeds in the fecal samples of *** if colobines pass relatively few seeds intact,their high abundance and biomass could make them quantitatively significant in seed *** potential role of colobines as seed dispersers should be considered by colobine researchers.

关键词： biomass Borneo leaf monkey Nasalis larvatus primate

Road induced edge effects on a forest bird community in tropical Asia

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Avian Research 2018年第2期9卷 123-135页

作者： daphawan Khamcha richa.d t.corlett Larkin A.Powell tommaso Savini Antony J.Lynam George A.Gale Conservation Ecology Program School of Bioresources and Technology King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Natural Resources University of Nebraska-Lincoln Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation Program

Background: Edge effects cause changes in bird community richness, abundance, and/or distribution within a landscape, but the avian guilds most influenced can vary among regions. Although Southeast Asia has the highest rates of deforestation and projected species loss, and is currently undergoing an explosive growth in road infrastructure, there have been few studies of the effects of forest edges on avian communities in this ***: We examined avian community structure in a dry evergreen forest in northeastern thailand adjacent to a five-lane highway. We evaluated the richness and abundance of birds in 11 guilds at 24 survey points on three parallel transects perpendicular to the edge. At each point, 10-min surveys were conducted during February-August 2014 and March-August 2015. Vegetation measurements were conducted at 16 of the bird survey points and ambient noise was measured at all 24 survey ***: We found a strongly negative response to the forest edge for bark-gleaning, sallying, terrestrial, and understory insectivores and a weakly negative response for arboreal frugivore-insectivores, foliage gleaning insectivores, and raptors. densities of trees and the percentage canopy cover were higher in the interior, and the ambient noise was lower. In contrast, arboreal nectarivore-insectivores responded positively to the forest edge, where there was a higher vegetation cover in the ground layer, a lower tree density, and a higher level of ambient ***: Planners should avoid road development in forests of high conservation value to reduce impacts on biodiversity. Where avoidance is impossible, a number of potential mitigation methods are available, but more detailed assessments of these are needed before they are applied in this region.

关键词： Road edge Avian guilds dry evergreen forest thailand

Winners and losers among tree species in Xishuangbanna: which traits are most important?

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Science Bulletin 2015年第10期60卷 916-924,I0007页

作者：赵美玲潘勃谭运洪 richa.d t.corlett Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Massive human interference in natural ecosystems is resulting in a few ＂winners＂ and many ＂losers＂. However, the drivers of this winner-loser replacement pattern remain poorly understood. the aim of the study reported here was to identify winners among the tree flora of Xishuangbanna and compare their functional traits, specific leaf area （SLA）, wood density （Wd）, seed mass （SM） and maximum height （MH） with previously identified losers （i.e., endangered species）. Fifteen native tree species were identified as winners from expert opinion, plot-based surveys of secondary forests and plotless surveys along roads. twelve endangered tree species for which trait information could be obtained were used for comparison. traits were compared with a Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Winners had significantly higher SLA, but lower Wd. SM and MH did not differ significantly between groups. When the effects of phylogeny were removed by using phylogenetic generalized least squares, the difference in SLA became marginally insignificant. Principal component analysis resulted in two overlapping groups, showing that the selected traits were insufficient to distinguish winners and losers. Our results suggest that the ＂few winners, many losers＂ paradigm applies to trees in Xishuangbanna, with15 species accounting for most trees in the disturbed habitats sampled.

关键词： Human disturbance - Functional traits Phylogeny Conservation status tropical forests

the global significance of biodiversity science in China:an overview

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National Science Review 2021年第7期8卷 34-58页

作者： Xiangcheng Mi Gang Feng Yibo Hu Jian Zhang Lei Chen richa.d t.corlett Alice C.Hughes Stuart Pimm Bernhard Schmid Suhua Shi Jens-Christian Svenning Keping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau and Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecology School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhejiang tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal University Center for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Conservation Biology Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of Sciences Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University department of Geography Remote Sensing Laboratories University of Zurich State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Center for Biodiversity dynamics in a Changing World (BIOCHANGE) and Section for Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Department of Biology Aarhus University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Biodiversity science in China has seen rapid growth over recent decades, ranging from baseline biodiversity studies to understanding the processes behind evolution across dynamic regions such as the Qinghai-tibetan Plateau. We review research, including species catalogues; biodiversity monitoring; the origins, distributions, maintenance and threats to biodiversity; biodiversity-related ecosystem function and services; and species and ecosystems’ responses to global change. Next, we identify priority topics and offer suggestions and priorities for future biodiversity research in China. these priorities include(i) the ecology and biogeography of the Qinghai-tibetan Plateau and surrounding mountains, and that of subtropical and tropical forests across China;(ii) marine and inland aquatic biodiversity; and(iii) effective conservation and management to identify and maintain synergies between biodiversity and socio-economic development to fulfil China’s vision for becoming an ecological civilization. In addition, we propose three future strategies:(i) translate advanced biodiversity science into practice for biodiversity conservation;(ii) strengthen capacity building and application of advanced technologies, including high-throughput sequencing, genomics and remote sensing; and(iii) strengthen and expand international *** on the recent rapid progress of biodiversity research, China is well positioned to become a global leader in biodiversity research in the near future.

关键词： biodiversity inventory biodiversity maintenance biodiversity monitoring biodiversity origins biodiversity-ecosystem functioning