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Virologica Sinica 2022年第3期37卷 465-468页

作者： Anamika Mishra Muhasin Asaf Amod Kumar Diwakar Dattatreya Kulkarni richa sood Sandeep Bhatia Bharat Bhushan Ashwin Ashok Raut Pathogenomics Laboratory ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal DiseasesOIE referral laboratory for Avian InfluenzaBhopal 462021India ICAR-National Institute of High Security Animal Diseases OIE referral lab for Avian InfluenzaBhopal 462021India Division of Animal Genetics ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research InstituteBareilly 243122India

Dear Editor,Avian influenza is a highly contagious viral infection affecting the respiratory system.MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are small,regulatory,endogenous,non-coding RNAs of~22 nt that regulate the gene expression of the target mRNAs by cleavage or translational repression.miRNAs are connected with the host response during avian influenza virus(AIV)infection(Wang et al.,2009,2012).In this study.

关键词： influenza endogenous pathogenesis

Photon orbits and phase transition for Letelier AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 247-259页

作者： Ashima sood Md Sabir Ali J.K.Singh Sushant G.Ghosh Department of Mathematics Netaji Subhas University of TechnologyNew Delhi-110078India Centre for Theoretical Physics Jamia Millia IslamiaNew Delhi 110025India Department of Physics Mahishadal Raj CollegePurba MedinipurWest Bengal721628India Institute of Theoretical Physics&Research Center of Gravitation Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics&Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Astrophysics and Cosmology Research Unit School of MathematicsStatistics and Computer ScienceUniversity of KwaZulu-NatalPrivate Bag X54001Durban 4000South Africa

We obtain an exact solution for spherically symmetric Letelier AdS black holes immersed in perfect fluid dark matter(PFDM).Considering the cosmological constant as the positive pressure of the system and volume as its conjugate variable,we analyze the thermodynamics of our black holes in the extended phase space.Owing to the background clouds of strings parameter(a)and the parameter endowed with PFDM(β),we analyze the Hawking temperature,entropy,and specific heat.Furthermore,we investigate the relationship between the photon sphere radius and phase transition for the Letelier AdS black holes immersed in PFDM.Through the analysis,with a particular condition,non-monotonic behaviors are found between the photon sphere radius,impact parameter,PFDM parameter,temperature,and pressure.We can regard the changes in both the photon sphere radius and impact parameter before and after phase transition as the order parameter;their critical exponents near the critical point are equal to the same value,1/2,similar to that in ordinary thermal systems.This indicates that a universal relation of gravity may exist near the critical point for a black hole thermodynamic system.

关键词： AdS black holes perfect fluid dark matter Letelier spacetime photon orbit extended phase space thermodynamics correlation of photon orbit and thermodynamics

GUARDIAN: A Multi-Tiered Defense Architecture for Thwarting Prompt Injection Attacks on LLMs

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 43-68页

作者： Parijat Rai Saumil sood Vijay K. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

This paper introduces a novel multi-tiered defense architecture to protect language models from adversarial prompt attacks. We construct adversarial prompts using strategies like role emulation and manipulative assistance to simulate real threats. We introduce a comprehensive, multi-tiered defense framework named GUARDIAN (Guardrails for Upholding Ethics in Language Models) comprising a system prompt filter, pre-processing filter leveraging a toxic classifier and ethical prompt generator, and pre-display filter using the model itself for output screening. Extensive testing on Meta’s Llama-2 model demonstrates the capability to block 100% of attack prompts. The approach also auto-suggests safer prompt alternatives, thereby bolstering language model security. Quantitatively evaluated defense layers and an ethical substitution mechanism represent key innovations to counter sophisticated attacks. The integrated methodology not only fortifies smaller LLMs against emerging cyber threats but also guides the broader application of LLMs in a secure and ethical manner.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Adversarial Attack Prompt Injection Filter Defense Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Cybersecurity

Anesthetic consideration in Meigs syndrome with large pleural effusion and lung collapse

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Journal of Acute Disease 2024年第1期13卷 43-44,I0006,I0007页

作者： Shalendra Singh Deepak Mishra Deepu K Peter Munish sood Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Command Hospital(NC)UdhampurIndia Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Command Hospital(SC)PuneIndia Department of Pulmonary Medicine Command Hospital(NC)UdhampurIndia Department of Orthopaedics INHSMumbaiIndia

Meigs syndrome(MS)is characterized by a benign ovarian tumor(fibroma),hydrothorax on the right side,and ascites;which can be resolved permanently after surgery.Available literature reveals that most MS surgeries were performed under general anesthesia(GA)[1].However,GA poses major risks to the patient.Considering the high risk of gastric content regurgitation,poor general condition or dyselectrolytemia may lead to delayed arousal,and associated multi-organ dysfunction.Intraoperative mechanical ventilation is also difficult due to ascites and hydrothorax(reduced cardiac output,impaired ventilation-perfusion in lungs causing hypoxia and hypercapnia)[1,2].In this letter,we report a case of MS tumor resection under the subarachnoid block(SAB)to mitigate these issues and also review the complications associated with both techniques.

关键词： anesthesia impaired ascites

Evaluating Privacy Leakage and Memorization Attacks on Large Language Models (LLMs) in Generative AI Applications

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 421-447页

作者： Harshvardhan Aditya Siddansh Chawla Gunika Dhingra Parijat Rai Saumil sood Tanmay Singh Zeba Mohsin Wase Arshdeep Bahga Vijay K. Madisetti School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

The recent interest in the deployment of Generative AI applications that use large language models (LLMs) has brought to the forefront significant privacy concerns, notably the leakage of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) and other confidential or protected information that may have been memorized during training, specifically during a fine-tuning or customization process. We describe different black-box attacks from potential adversaries and study their impact on the amount and type of information that may be recovered from commonly used and deployed LLMs. Our research investigates the relationship between PII leakage, memorization, and factors such as model size, architecture, and the nature of attacks employed. The study utilizes two broad categories of attacks: PII leakage-focused attacks (auto-completion and extraction attacks) and memorization-focused attacks (various membership inference attacks). The findings from these investigations are quantified using an array of evaluative metrics, providing a detailed understanding of LLM vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of different attacks.

关键词： Large Language Models PII Leakage Privacy Memorization Overfitting Membership Inference Attack (MIA)

Security and QoS issues in blockchain enabled next-generation smart logistic networks:A tutorial

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2022年第3期3卷 46-59页

作者： Anjali Vaghani Keshav sood Shui Yu Deakin University GeelongVIC3220Australia University of Technology SydneyNSW2007Australia

The blockchain-enabled smart logistics market is expected to grow worth USD 1620 billion and at a compound annual growth rate of 62.4%.Smart logistics ensures intelligence infrastructure,logistics automation,real-time analysis of supply chain data synchronization of the logistics process,cost transparency,unbroken shipment tracking all the way down to the transportation route,etc.In the smart logistics domain,significant advancement and growth of the Internet of Things(IoT)sensors are evident.However,the connectivity of IoT systems,including Tactile Internet,without proper safeguards creates vulnerabilities that can still be deliberately or inadvertently cause disruption.In view of this,we primarily notice two key issues.Firstly,the logistics domain can be compromised by a variety of natural or man-made activities,which eventually affect the overall network security.Secondly,there are thousands of entities in the supply chain network that use extensive machine-learning algorithms in many scenarios,and they require high-power computational resources.From these two challenges,we note that the first concern can be addressed by adding blockchain to IoT logistic networks.The second issue can be addressed using 6G.This will support 1-μs latency communications,support seamless computing at the edges of networks,and autonomously predict the best optimal location for edge computing.Motivated by this,we have highlighted motivational examples to show the necessity to integrate 6G and blockchain in smart logistic networks.Then,we have proposed a 6G and blockchain-enabled smart logistic high-level framework.We have presented the key intrinsic issues of this framework mainly from the security and resource management context.In this paper,recent state-of-the-art advances in blockchain enabled next-generation smart logistic networks are analyzed.We have also examined why 6G and not 5G would be compatible with the smart network.We have introduced five different use cases of blockchain technology in smart logistics.Later,this pape

关键词： Blockchain Internet of Things 5G 6G Security Smart logistics

Investigation of 58Ni(n, p)58Co reaction cross-section with covariance analysis

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 78-90页

作者： Akash Hingu S.Mukherjee Siddharth Parashari Arora Sangeeta A.Gandhi Mahima Upadhyay Mahesh Choudhary Sumit Bamal Namrata Singh G.Mishra Sukanya De Saurav sood Sajin Prasad G.Saxena Ajay Kumar R.G.Thomas B.K.Agrawal K.Katovsky A.Kumar Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceThe M.S.University of BarodaVadodara 390002India Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication Brno University of TechnologyBrnoCzech Republic Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebBijenička c.32Zagreb 10000Croatia Department of Physics University Institute of SciencesChandigarh UniversityGharuanMohali 140413PunjabIndia Department of Physics Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi 221005India Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering Măgurele 077125Romania Nuclear Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Health Physics Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreMumbai 400085India Department of Physics(H&S) Government Women Engineering CollegeAjmer 305002India Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics Kolkata 700064India Homi Bhabha National Institute Anushakti NagarMumbai 400094India

The excitation function of the 58Ni(n,p)58Co reaction was measured using the well-established neutron activation technique andγ-ray spectroscopy.Neutrons in the energy range of 1.7 to 2.7 MeV were generated using the 7Li(p,n)reaction.The neutron flux was measured using the standard 115In(n,n’)115mIn monitor reaction.The results of the neutron spectrum averaged cross-section of 58Ni(n,p)58Co reactions were compared with existing cross-section data available in the EXFOR data library as well as with various evaluated data libraries such as ENDF/B-VIII.0,JEFF-3.3,JENDL-4.0,and CENDL-3.2.Theoretical calculations were performed using the nuclear reaction code TALYS.Various nuclear level density(NLD)models were tested,and their results were compared with the present findings.Realistic NLDs were also obtained through the spectral distribution method(SDM).The cross-section results,along with the absolute errors,were obtained by investigating the uncertainty propagation and using the covariance technique.Corrections forγ-ray true coincidence summing,low-energy background neutrons,andγ-ray self attenuation were performed.The experimental cross-section obtained in the present study is consistent with previously published experimental data,evaluated libraries,and theoretical calculations carried out using the TALYS code.

关键词： nuclear reactions (n,p)reaction cross-section measurement covariance analysis nuclear level density

Personalized Federated Learning for Heterogeneous Residential Load Forecasting

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2023年第4期6卷 421-432页

作者： Xiaodong Qu Chengcheng Guan Gang Xie Zhiyi Tian Keshav sood Chaoli Sun Lei Cui the Shanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Control and Equipment Intelligence Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology University of Technology SydneyUltimo 2007Australia the Centre for Cyber Security Research and Innovation Deakin UniversityMelbourne 3125Australia the School of Computer Science and Technology Taiyuan University of Science and TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

Accurate load forecasting is critical for electricity production,transmission,and maintenance.Deep learning(DL)model has replaced other classical models as the most popular prediction models.However,the deep prediction model requires users to provide a large amount of private electricity consumption data,which has potential privacy risks.Edge nodes can federally train a global model through aggregation using federated learning(FL).As a novel distributed machine learning(ML)technique,it only exchanges model parameters without sharing raw data.However,existing forecasting methods based on FL still face challenges from data heterogeneity and privacy disclosure.Accordingly,we propose a user-level load forecasting system based on personalized federated learning(PFL)to address these issues.The obtained personalized model outperforms the global model on local data.Further,we introduce a novel differential privacy(DP)algorithm in the proposed system to provide an additional privacy guarantee.Based on the principle of generative adversarial network(GAN),the algorithm achieves the balance between privacy and prediction accuracy throughout the game.We perform simulation experiments on the real-world dataset and the experimental results show that the proposed system can comply with the requirement for accuracy and privacy in real load forecasting scenarios.

关键词： load forecasting personalized federated learning differential privacy

Guest editorial:Special issue on security and privacy for AI-powered smart IoT applications

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第4期8卷 411-414页

作者： Lianyong Qi Jin Li Mehdi Elahi Keshav sood Yuan Yuan Mohammad Khosravi Qufu Normal University China Guangzhou University China University of Bergen Norway Deakin University Australia Beihang University China Persian Gulf University Iran

The prevalence of Internet of Things(IoT)applications has generated an unprecedented volume of industrial data that create the main source of big data[1,2].How to effectively and efficiently preprocess,integrate,and analyze big IoT data from multiple sources is still a fundamental challenge[3,4].Fortunately,Artificial Intelligence(AI)has recently emerged as a key technology to achieving intelligent data analyses and scientific business decision-making.AI algorithms can process the streaming data generated by distributed IoT devices and provide powerful tools to address complex big data analytics[5,6].Therefore,the adaptation of AI-based methods is highly demanded for achieving their full potential in smart IoT applications.However,the IoT devices,which run in an unstable environment and have poor computing capabilities,are often confronted with a range of application requirements,such as quick response,secure communications,and privacy protection[7,8].Currently,lightweight security and privacy solutions specifically designed for the devices and servers operating in the IoT environment are still lacking.

关键词： IoT smart unstable

Influence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding:A nationwide analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第1期15卷 79-88页

作者： Aakriti Soni Anuroop Yekula Yuvaraj Singh Nitish sood Dushyant Singh Dahiya Kannu Bansal GM Abraham Department of Internal Medicine Saint Vincent HospitalWorcesterMA 01608United States Department of Internal Medicine Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912United States Department of Internal Medicine Central Michigan UniversitySaginawMI 48602United States

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the leading cause of liver disease globally with an estimated prevalence of 25%,with the clinical and economic burden expected to continue to increase.In the United States,non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding(NVUGIB)has an estimated incidence of 61-78 cases per 100000 people with a mortality rate of 2%-15%based on co-morbidity burden.AIM To identify the outcomes of NVUGIB in NAFLD hospitalizations in the United States.METHODS We utilized the National Inpatient Sample from 2016-2019 to identify all NVUGIB hospitalizations in the United States.This population was divided based on the presence and absence of NAFLD.Hospitalization characteristics,outcomes and complications were compared.RESULTS The total number of hospitalizations for NVUGIB was 799785,of which 6%were found to have NAFLD.NAFLD and GIB was,on average,more common in younger patients,females,and Hispanics than GIB without NAFLD.Interestingly,GIB was less common amongst blacks with NAFLD.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted,controlling for the multiple covariates.The primary outcome of interest,mortality,was found to be significantly higher in patients with NAFLD and GIB[adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=1.018(1.013-1.022)].Secondary outcomes of interest,shock[aOR=1.015(1.008-1.022)],acute respiratory failure[aOR=1.01(1.005-1.015)]and acute liver failure[aOR=1.016(1.013-1.019)]were all more likely to occur in this cohort.Patients with NAFLD were also more likely to incur higher total hospital charges(THC)[$2148($1677-$2618)];however,were less likely to have a longer length of stay[0.27 d(0.17-0.38)].Interestingly,in our study,the patients with NAFLD were less likely to suffer from acute myocardial infarction[aOR=0.992(0.989-0.995)].Patients with NAFLD were not more likely to suffer acute kidney injury,sepsis,blood transfusion,intubation,or dialysis.CONCLUSION NVUGIB in NAFLD hospitalizations had higher inpatient mortality,THC,and complications such as shock,acute respiratory failure,

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-variceal gastrointestinal bleeding Outcomes Mortality Complications