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Evidence for polarization-induced phase transformations and degradation in CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)

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Nano Research 2023年第7期16卷 9435-9442页

作者： Aleksei Yu.Grishko Maria A.Komkova Ekaterina I.Marchenko Alexandra V.Chumakova Alexey B.Tarasov eugene A.Goodilin Andrei A.Eliseev Department of Materials Science MSU-BIT UniversityShenzhen 517182China Department of Chemistry Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia Department of Materials Science Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow 119991Russia European Synchrotron Radiation Facility F-38042 GrenobleFrance

In solar cells,hybrid halide perovskites operate under constant bias,thus their stability towards electric field-induced degradation is of key *** we report on evidence of previously unidentified electric field-induced transitions and degradation path of CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)(MAPbI_(3))using elemental and phase *** films of MAPbI_(3) were deposited onto 1-2μm-pitch interdigitated electrodes and subjected to direct current(DC)-*** MAPbI_(3) layer polarized withthylammonium-rich MAPbI_(3)-y(yrich MA1-xPbI3(xth methylammonium and iodine provokes degradation of MAPbI_(3).Using nanofocus grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering(GIWAXS),we unambiguously showed that the bias voltage induces the transformation ofβ-MAPbI_(3) to metastableδ-MAPbI_(3) polymorph via alignment of polar organic cation with the electric *** transformation is partially reversible upon field ***,once formed,δ-MAPbI_(3) disrupts the morphology of pristine film and undergoes decomposition toβ-MAPbI_(3)(β-MAPI)and PbI_(2).With the aforementioned compositional and phase changes,only MA-rich part serves as the charge separation layer,while the I-rich excitation is blocked with the PbI_(2) barrier serving as holes trapping *** observations reveal the intermediate steps in electric-field-driven degradation of halide perovskites and show the role of polar cations in the process,which is instructive for further material design with higher stability metrics.

关键词： halide perovskites stability degradation electric field ionic conductivity stoichiometry

Digital earth:yesterday,today,and tomorrow

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2023年第1期16卷 1022-1072页

作者： Alessandro Annoni Stefano Nativi ArzuÇöltekin Cheryl Desha eugene Eremchenko Caroline M.Gevaert Gregory Giuliani Min Chen Luis Perez-Mora Joseph Strobl Stephanie Tumampos International Society for Digital Earth BeijingPeople’s Republic of China National Research Council RomeItaly University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland FHNW School of EngineeringInstitute of Interactive Technologies IITBrugg-WindischSwitzerland Nathan Campus Griffith UniversityCities Research InstituteBrisbaneAustralia Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia Department of Earth Observation Science University of TwenteTwenteThe Netherland Institute for Environmental Sciences/enviroSPACE University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjingPeople’s Republic of China Cities Research Institute Nathan CampusGriffith UniversityBrisbaneAustralia Department of Geoinformatics University of SalzburgSalzburgAustria Chair of Remote Sensing Technology Technical University of MunichMunichGermany Big Geospatial Data Management Technical University of MunichMunichGermany

the concept of Digital Earth(DE)was formalized by Al Gore in *** that time the technologies needed for its implementation were in an embryonic stage and the concept was quite *** then digital technologies have progressed significantly and their speed and pervasiveness have generated and are still causing the digital transformation of our *** creates new opportunities and challenges for the realization of DE.‘What is DE today?’,‘What could DE be in the future?’,and‘What is needed to make DE a reality?’.To answer these questions it is necessary to examine DE considering all the technological,scientific,social,and economic aspects,but also bearing in mind the principles that inspired its *** understanding the lessons learned from the past,it becomes possible to identify the remaining scientific and technological challenges,and the actions needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a‘Digital Earth for all’.this article reviews the evolution of the DE vision and its multiple definitions,illustrates what has been achieved so far,explains the impact of digital transformation,illustrates the new vision,and concludes with possible future scenarios and recommended actions to facilitate full DE implementation.

关键词： Digital Earth digital transformation sustainable development data governance and ethic citizen empowerment and industry engagement

Wireless Sensor Network Based on IEEE 1451.0 and IEEE 1451.5-802.11

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Wireless Sensor Network Based on IEEE 1451.0 and IEEE 1451.5...

Study of Completed Archaeal Genomes and Proteomes:Hypothesis of Strong Mutational AT Pressure Existed in their Common Predecessor

2007 8th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments（ICEMI’2007）

作者： Kang Lee eugene Song National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive MS

ISBN: (纸本)1424411351;9781424411351

this paper describes a wireless sensor network （WSN） based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers （IEEE）’s 1451.0, 1451.5, and 802.11 standards. the implementation of the IEEE-based WSN was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST）. the WSN consists of two wireless nodes - the Network Capable Application Processor （NCAP） node and Wireless Transducer Interface Module （WTIM） node. In operation the NCAP node communicates wirelessly with the WTIM node using the IEEE 1451.0 and IEEE 1451.5 interfaces through the IEEE 802.11 wireless communication modules. In the paper two case studies illustrate the implementation of the request and response of the sensor data and Transducer Electronic Data Sheet （TEDS） using the client-server model. the work described provides a foundation and some guidelines for implementing a wireless sensor monitoring application based on the IEEE 1451.0 and 1451.5 standards.

关键词： IEEE 1451.0 IEEE 1451.5 NCAP WTIM TIM TEDS sensors interface sensor standard smart transducer wireless sensor network IEEE 802.11

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2010年第1期8卷 22-32页

作者： Vladislav V.Khrustalev eugene V.Barkovsky Department of General Chemistry Belarussian State Medical University

the number of completely sequenced archaeal genomes has been sufficient for a large-scale bioinformatic study. We have conducted analyses for each coding region from 36 archaeal genomes using the original CGS algorithm by calculating the total GC content （G＋C）, GC content in first, second and third codon positions as well as in fourfold and twofold degenerated sites from third codon positions, levels of arginine codon usage （Arg2： AGA/G; Arg4： CGX）, levels of amino acid usage and the entropy of amino acid content distribution. In archaeal genomes with strong GC pressure, arginine is coded preferably by GC-rich Arg4 codons, whereas in most of archaeal genomes with G＋C〈0.6, arginine is coded preferably by AT-rich Arg2 codons. In the genome of Haloquadratum walsbyi, which is closely related to GC-rich archaea, GC content has decreased mostly in third codon positions, while Arg4〉〉Arg2 bias still persists. Proteomes of archaeal species carry characteristic amino acid biases： levels of isoleucine and lysine are elevated, while levels of alanine, histidine, glutamine and cytosine are relatively decreased. Numerous genomic and proteomic biases observed can be explained by the hypothesis of previously existed strong mutational AT pressure in the common predecessor of all archaea.

关键词： G+C 3GC arginine mutational pressure archaea entropy

A catalog of gliadin alleles:Polymorphism of 20th-century common wheat germplasm

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the Crop Journal 2018年第6期6卷 628-641页

作者： eugene Metakovsky Viktor Melnik Marta Rodriguez-Quijano Vladimir Upelniek Jose Maria Carrillo Unidad de Genetica Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain Vavilov Institute of General Genetics Russian Academy of Sciences MoscowRussia

A new, improved version of the catalog of 182 alleles at the six Gli loci of common wheat(*** L.) shown in electrophoregrams of 128 standard genotypes was used for analysis of1060 cultivars and lines bred in the 20 th century. the most frequent alleles in the studied germplasm occurred with frequencies of 18%–40%, with 30 unique alleles, one in each cultivar. Extremely high genetic diversity was found(average H for the six main Gli loci was0.870 ± 0.046), nearly identical in winter(H = 0.831) and spring(H = 0.856) wheats but differing among 28 groups of cultivars released in 22 countries. Each country or region was characterized by its own specific set of the most frequent Gli alleles, and the 28 cultivar groups formed five main relationship clusters if polymorphism at the six Gli loci was considered. However, different levels of similarity between groups of cultivars were found if polymorphism of the A, B, or D genomes of common wheat was tested separately. In general, the 20 th century germplasm of common wheat was differentiated and structured by country or region and cultivar type(spring or winter). Each elemental genome(in particular, A and D) contributed to the structure of the polymorphism studied. We propose that the structure of the wheat germplasm was a result of natural selection under the ecoclimatic conditions of cultivation specific to each country or region. As many as 27.4% of cultivars studied violated the requirement of the DUS rules for uniformity, being represented by mixtures of two or more closely related genotypes. However, the composition of a cultivar as a set of related but different genotypes may contribute to its adaptivity, and thereby to the known high plasticity of common wheat.

关键词： Gliadin alleles Genetic variation Gene geography Intra-varietal non-uniformity Allopolyploid Triticum aestivum

Intermediate Financial management 7th ed.

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Manufacturing Technique and Nutritive Value of Soumbara (Parkia biglobosa Seeds) and Dark Seed of Korhogo (Côte d’Ivoire)

2002年

作者： Brigham eugene F.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第10期12卷 1673-1686页

作者： Ahon Gnamien Marcel Alla Kouadio théodore Bakayoko Losséni Amoikon Kouakou Ernest Institut Pédagogique National de l’Enseignement Technique et Professionnel (IPNETP) Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire Laboratoire de Nutrition et Pharmacologie UFR Biosciences Université Félix Houphou&#235 t-Boigny Abidjan C&#244 te d’Ivoire

Soumbara is produced in an artisanal way. this product has a relatively strong odor that is not appreciated by some consumers in Côte d'Ivoire. From surveys of women and consumers, the manufacturing technique and the motivations for consumption of soumbara were revealed. For the chemical composition, the average water content is 13.33 ± 1.52 g/100 g MF, the average value of the ash content is 4 ± 0 g/100 g MS. the total protein and lipid levels are 16.37 ± 0.71 g/100 g DM and 21.55 ± 0.46 g/100 g DM respectively. Total carbohydrates, starch and total sugars are respectively 44.33 ± 1.46 g/100 g DM, 39.82 ± 32 g/100 g DM and 0.08 ± 0.01 mg glucose /mL. Concerning the phytochemical composition, the total polyphenols and total flavonoids have respectively contents of 2.74 ± 0.01 mg Eq AG mL of extract, and 0.82 ± 0.01 mg Eq Quer/mL of extract. the study notes that the iron and potassium contents are the most important with respectively 344.43 ± 1.20 μg/g and 174.5 ± 2.71 mg/g. the consumption survey revealed that soumbara produced in Côte d’Ivoire is relatively more consumed (55.77%) than that produced in other countries (44.23%). this artisanal product is appreciated for its taste (50.97%) and its therapeutic character (37.5%) in the form of grain (68.27%), powder (23.08%) or paste (8.65%). these data show that soumbara is very rich in nutrients, polyphenols and flavonoids. these results justify the numerous uses of this ingredient, both in food and in traditional medicine.

关键词： Korhogo Parkia Biglobosa Soumbara Néré Seeds Manufacturing Technique Nutritional Value

Biological treatment of chicken feather waste for improved biogas production

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2011年第10期23卷 1747-1753页

作者： Gergely Forgcs Saeid Alinezhad Amir Mirabdollah Elisabeth Feuk-Lagerstedt Ilona Srvri Horvth School of Engineering University of Bors501 90 BorsSweden Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Chalmers University of Technology412 96 GteborgSweden School of Engineering University of Boras501 90 BorsSweden

A two-stage system was developed which combines the biological degradation of keratin-rich waste with the production of biogas. Chicken feather waste was treated biologically with a recombinant Bacillus megaterium strain showing keratinase activity prior to biogas production. Chopped, autoclaved chicken feathers （4%, W/V） were completely degraded, resulting in a yellowish fermentation broth with a level of 0.51 mg/mL soluble proteins after 8 days of cultivation of the recombinant strain. During the subsequent anaerobic batch digestion experiments, methane production of 0.35 Nm3/kg dry feathers （i.e., 0.4 Nm3/kg volatile solids of feathers）, corresponding to 80% of the theoretical value on proteins, was achieved from the feather hydrolyzates, independently of the pre- hydrolysis time period of 1, 2 or 8 days. Cultivation with a native keratinase producing strain, Bacillus licheniformis resulted in only 0.25 mg/mL soluble proteins in the feather hydrolyzate, which then was digested achieving a maximum accumulated methane production of 0.31 Nm3/kg dry feathers. Feather hydrolyzates treated with the wild type B. megaterium produced 0.21 Nm3 CH4/kg dry feathers as maximum yield.

关键词： anaerobic digestion feather waste keratinase, Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus megaterium gene expression

A 96-antenna radioheliograph

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第7期14卷 864-868页

作者： Sergey V.Lesovoi Alexander T.Altyntsev eugene F.Ivanov Alexey V.Gubin Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics

Here we briefly present some design approaches for a multifrequency 96-antenna radioheliograph. the configuration of the array antenna, transmission lines and digital receivers is the main focus of this work. the radioheliograph is a T-shaped centrally condensed radiointerferometer operating in the frequency range 4–8 *** justification for the choice of such a configuration is discussed. the signals from antennas are transmitted to a workroom by analog optical links. the dynamic range and phase errors of the microwave-over-optical signal are considered. the signals after downconverting are processed by digital receivers for delay tracking and fringe stopping. the required step of delay tracking and data rates are considered. Two 3-bit data streams（I and Q） are transmitted to a correlator with the transceivers embedded in Field Programmed Gate Array chips and with PCI Express cables.

关键词： telescopes -- instrumentation: interferometers -- Sun: radio radiation