Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been established as the standard of care for patients with intermediate stage of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCL...
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Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been established as the standard of care for patients with intermediate stage of multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification, and no extra-hepatic diffusion. The efficacy and safety of the procedure are related to the possibility of performing a superselective catheterization of the branches of the hepatic artery responsible for the vascularisation of the tumour. However, in some cases, the vascularisation of the nodules can be complex and arterial supply can derive from vessels originating from the extra-hepatic circulation. This condition, called extra-hepatic feeding, is not a rare finding, and can hamper the therapeutic efficacy of TACE. When investigating a candidate for TACE, anamnestic and radiological elements suggestive for the presence of extra-collateral arteries should be known and taken into account. Once diagnosed, although extra-hepatic feeding does not represent an absolute contraindication to TACE, it requires, in each case, a careful benefit-risk assessment, being impossible to establish a standard procedure. We here present a review of the available literature and a paradigmatic case of multifocal HCC with an extra-hepatic feeding.
CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA(Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI(Italian Space Agency), to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, plasma and particle envi...
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CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite) is a mission developed by CNSA(Chinese National Space Administration) and ASI(Italian Space Agency), to investigate the near-Earth electromagnetic, plasma and particle environment, for studying the seismo-associated disturbances in the ionosphere-magnetosphere transition zone. The anthropogenic and electromagnetic noise,as well as the natural non-seismic electromagnetic emissions is mainly due to tropospheric activity. In particular, the mission aims to confirming the existence of possible temporal correlations between the occurrence of earthquakes for medium and strong magnitude and the observation in space of electromagnetic perturbations, plasma variations and precipitation of bursts with highenergy charged particles from the inner Van Allen belt. In this framework, the high energy particle detector(HEPD) of the CSES mission has been developed by the Italian LIMADOU Collaboration. HEPD is an advanced detector based on a tower of scintillators and a silicon tracker that provides good energy and angular resolution and a wide angular acceptance, for electrons of 3–100 Me V, protons of 30–200 Me V and light nuclei up to the oxygen. CSES satellite has been launched on February 2^(nd), 2018 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center(China).
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