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Influence of biomass burning on ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico during the COVID-19 lockdown

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 99-115页

作者： Victor Almanza Luis Gerardo Ruiz-Suárez ricardo Torres-Jardón Agustín García-Reynoso Iván Y.Hernández-Paniagua Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change National Autonomous University of MexicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico CityMexico

The massive reductions in anthropogenic emissions resulting from the COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of mitigation measures aiming to abate air pollution.In Mexico,the total lockdown period took place during the dry-hot season when biomass burning activity is enhanced.Here,we investigate the role of biomass burning emissions on regional ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico.The studied period covers the lockdown phases 2 and 3,and the first month of the New Normal.We applied a factor separation technique and process analysis to estimate the pure and synergistic contributions of emission reductions under lockdown and that from biomass burning to daily ozone maximum concentrations in 7 metropolitan areas of different states in the Megalopolis.The results revealed that biomass burning plumes likely masked the effect of massive reductions from mobile emissions,impacted the PBL development during phase 3 and favored transition and mixed NO_(x)-limited and VOC-limited regional regimes.This contributed to increased ozone production in the middle to lower PBL by changing the regional background levels which potentially could bias high ozone production efficiency estimations.Given the Megalopolis contribution to economic and societal development at national scale,our study suggests that ozone mitigation measures during the dry-hot season targeting mainly mobile emissions will likely be offset by biomass burning plumes.A regional and synergic policy aiming to control biomass burning would help to reduce the occurrence of high ozone levels in Central Mexico with the co-benefit of tackling short-lived climate pollutants.

关键词： COVID-19 Mexico Megalopolis Ozone Factor Separation Process Analysis

Effectiveness of statins vs.exercise on reducing postprandial hypertriglyceridemia in dyslipidemic population:A systematic review and network meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第5期11卷 567-577页

作者： Laura Alvarez-Jimenez Alfonso Moreno-Cabanas Miguel Ramirez-Jimenez Felix morales-Palomo Juan FOrtega ricardo Mora-Rodriguez Exercise Physiology Lab at Toledo Sports Science DepartmentUniversity of Castilla-La ManchaToledo 45004Spain

Background:Individuals at risk of suffering cardiovascular disease(CVD) present with larger increases in blood trigyceride(TG) concentration after a high-fat meal than do healthy individuals.These postprandial hypertriglyceride levels are an independent risk factor for CVD.Prescription of statins and a bout of prolonged exercise are both effective in lowering postprandial hypertriglyceride levels.We aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of statins vs.a bout of aerobic exercise in reducing fasting and postprandial TG(PPTG) concentrations in indiv、duals at high nsk of developing CVD.Methods:Thirty-seven sltudies from a systematic literature search of the PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane databases were included in this review.The selected studies conducted trials involving statin therapy(n=20) or a bout of aerobic exercise(n=19) and measured their impact on PPTG levels as the outcome.Two studies analyzed both treatments and were included in duplicate.The meta-analysis was constructed using a random-effects model to calculate the mean difference(MD).The Student t test was used to compare the data sets for statins vs.exercise.Results:Overall,statin and exercise interventions showed similar reductions in PPTG levels,with an MD of-0.65 mmol/L for statins(95% confidence interval(95%CI):-0.54 to-0.77;p <0.001) and-0.46 mmol/L for exercise(95%CI:-0.21 to-0.71;p <0.01).However,statins lowered fasting TG levels more than exercise(MD=-1.54 mmol/L,95%CI:-2.25 to-0.83;p=0.009).Conclusion:Although aerobic exercise is effective in lowering blood TG levels,statins seem to be more efficient,especially in the fasted state.A combination of exercise and statins might reveal a valuable approach to the treatment and prevention of CVD.More studies are required to determine the underlying mechanisms and the possible additive effects of these interventions.

关键词： Aerobic exercise Cardiovascular disease Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitor Meta-analysis Metabolic syndrome

Robotic4all project:Results of a hands-on robotic surgery training program

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Laparoscopic, Endoscopic and Robotic Surgery 2023年第1期6卷 1-8页

作者： Mario Rui Gonçalves Jose Novo de Matos Antonio Oliveira ricardo Marinho Irene Cadime Palmira Carlos Alves Salvador morales-Conde Miguel Castelo-Branco Faculty of Health Sciences University of Beira InteriorCovilha 6200-506Portugal Centro Hospitalar Universitario Lisboa Central Hospital de Sao JoseLisboa 1150-199Portugal Centro Hospitalar de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro Vila Real 5000-508Portugal Centro Hospitalar de Leiria Hospital de Santo AndreLeiria 2410-197Portugal Centro de Investigaçao em Psicologia Escola de Psicologia-Universidade do MinhoBraga 4710-057Portugal Departamento de Estudos Curriculares e Tecnologia Educativa Instituto de Educaçao-Universidade do MinhoCampus de GualtarBraga 4710-093Portugal Unit of Innovation in Minimally Invasive Surgery University Hospital Virgen del RocioUniversity of SevillaSeville 41013Spain

Objective Although robotic surgery adoption and its indications are growing worldwide,for multiple factors,including costs,there is a lack of training and experience.Our aim was to study the impact of a robotic introduction training program on gesture performance,such as suturing,in robot-naive individuals.Methods Using the DaVinci robot,a 2-hour program was based on virtual reality and anatomical model exercises.All participants performed 3 repetitions of virtual reality exercises on the virtual simulator,and then performed and were assessed on 2 tests,ie robot and laparoscopic training box.After the course,the participants were surveyed for this training program.Results Twenty-seven residents and surgeons were enrolled in the training program.With only 2 hours of training,all of the participants were able to complete the training program,thus learning generic and specific skills in robotic surgery.In virtual reality exercise,the scores of the 3 exercises increased significantly with every repetition(p<0.001)and the size of the increase was large.The completion time on the robot platform was 2.6 times faster(169.33±28.28 s vs.447.96±156.55 s,p<0.001)than that in the laparoscopic box,and the difference between both types of tests was large(pη2=0.797).The centralization and passage of the needle were significantly better on the robot platform(5 vs.3,p<0.001,r=0.47;5 vs.4,p<0.001,r=0.59)than in the laparoscopic box.For the intracorporeal stitch+knot test,every participant was able to perform the exercise on the robot but only 85.2%(23/27)in the laparoscopic box.Twenty-one participants answered the survey,and 13(61.9%)of them considered robotic performance independent of laparoscopic experience.Conclusions Surgeons are interested and seek training in robotic surgery.We implemented the first hands-on robotic surgery training program in Portugal and participants considered it was important and adequate for its purpose.All participants,even without robotic experience,learned quicker,performed better,faster and more pre

关键词： Simulation Education Laparoscopic suture Laparoscopy Robotic surgery

A Mathematical Model for Simultaneous Saccharification and Co-fermentation （SSCF） of C6 and C5 Sugars

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011年第2期19卷 185-191页

作者： ricardo morales-Rodriguez Krist V.Gernaey Anne S.Meyer Gürkan Sin Computer Aided Process Engineering Center (CAPEC) Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkDK-2800 LyngbyDenmark PROCESS Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkDK-2800 LyngbyDenmark BIOENG Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkDK-2800 LyngbyDenmark

biofuels 并且明确地的可靠生产 bioethanol 最近吸引了研究的重要数量。在这上下文以内，这研究在为描述 C6 和 C5 糖的同时的 saccharification 和合作发酵(SSCF ) 开发一个数学模型处理 bioethanol 生产过程和特别地目的动态模拟。... 详细信息

biofuels 并且明确地的可靠生产 bioethanol 最近吸引了研究的重要数量。在这上下文以内，这研究在为描述 C6 和 C5 糖的同时的 saccharification 和合作发酵(SSCF ) 开发一个数学模型处理 bioethanol 生产过程和特别地目的动态模拟。模型被为酶的水解作用和合作发酵联合存在数学模型构造。纤维素变换上的乙醇的抑制被介绍以便增加可靠性。为 SSCF 的数学模型被把模型预言与试验性的数据基于牛皮纸造纸厂污泥从乙醇生产获得了作比较验证。当适合模型到数据时，为葡萄糖和木糖新陈代谢的仅仅收益系数被调整，它被发现是 0.43 g ??? ‵????? 匠捡档牡晩捩瑡潩 ??????? 卓 ?????

关键词：数学模型共发酵糖化 C5 同步生物乙醇木质纤维素生产过程

Astrocytes and retrograde degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease:removing axonal debris

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2021年第4期10卷 554-572页

作者： Ingrid morales ricardo Puertas-Avendaño Alberto Sanchez Adrian Perez-Barreto Clara Rodriguez-Sabate Manuel Rodriguez Laboratory of Neurobiology and Experimental Neurology Department of Basic Medical SciencesFaculty of MedicineLa Laguna UniversityLa LagunaTenerifeCanary IslandsSpain Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases(CIBERNED) MadridSpain

Objective:The dopaminergic nigrostriatal neurons(DA cells)in healthy people present a slow degeneration with aging,which produces cellular debris throughout life.About 2%-5%of people present rapid cell degeneration of more than 50%of DA cells,which produces Parkinson's disease(PD).Neuroinflammation accelerates the cell degeneration and may be critical for the transition between the slow physiological and the rapid pathological degeneration of DA cells,particularly when it activates microglial cells of the medial forebrain bundle near dopaminergic axons.As synaptic debris produced by DA cell degeneration may trigger the parkinsonian neuroinflammation,this study investigated the removal of axonal debris produced by retrograde degeneration of DA cells,paying particular attention to the relative roles of astrocytes and microglia.Methods:Rats and mice were injected in the lateral ventricles with 6-hydroxydopamine,inducing a degeneration of dopaminergic synapses in the striatum which was not accompanied by non-selective tissue damage,microgliosis or neuroinflammation.The possible retrograde degeneration of dopaminergic axons,and the production and metabolization of DA-cell debris were studied with immunohistochemical methods and analyzed in confocal and electron microscopy images.Results:The selective degeneration of dopaminergic synapses in the striatum was followed by a retrograde degeneration of dopaminergic axons whose debris was found within spheroids of the medial forebrain bundle.These spheroids retained mitochondria and most(e.g.,tyrosine hydroxylase,the dopamine transporter protein,and amyloid precursor protein)but not all(e.g.,α-synuclein)proteins of the degenerating dopaminergic axons.Spheroids showed initial(autophagosomes)but not late(lysosomes)components of autophagy(incomplete autophagy).These spheroids were penetrated by astrocytic processes of the medial forebrain bundle,which provided the lysosomes needed to continue the degradation of dopaminergic debris.Finally,dopaminergic proteins were observed in

关键词： Astrocyte Phagocytosis Parkinson's disease Dying-back degeneration Medial forebrain bundle Spheroid

Testing for selection on color and pattern in a mimetic radiation

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Current Zoology 2012年第4期58卷 668-676页

作者： Justin YEAGER Jason L. BROWN Victor morales Molly CUMMINGS Kyle SUMMERS Department of Biology East Carolina University Greenville NC 27858 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Tulane University New Orleans LA 70118 Department of Biology Duke University Durham NC 27708 Universidad de ricardo Palma Lima Peru Department of Integrative Biology University of Texas Austin Texas 78712

In this paper, we analyze variation in spectral reflectance and color pattern among populations to demonstrate dramatic divergence between four distinct morphs of the mimic poison frogRanitomeya imitator. We also analyze genetic divergence in d-loop mtDNA sequences between populations. We then use coalescent-based simulations to demonstrate that the high levels of observed phenotypic divergence are not consistent with levels of genetic divergence expected under neutral drift among populations, implying an important role for selection in driving divergence between these populations.

关键词：彩色图案辐射测试模仿颜色遗传分化光谱反射率成膜助剂种群

Evaluation of Morphological Changes of <i>Aeromonas caviae</i>Sch3 Biofilm Formation under Optimal Conditions

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Advances in Microbiology 2012年第4期2卷 552-560页

作者： Erika Beatriz Angeles-morales ricardo Mondragón-Flores Juan Pedro Luna-Arias Cinthia Teresa Enríquez-Nieto Berenice Parra-Ortega Graciela Castro-Escarpulli Centro de Diagnóstico y Vigilancia Epidemiológica del Distrito Federal. Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Distrito Federal Mexico City Mexico Departamento de Biología Celular Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN) Mexico City Mexico Departamento de Bioquímica Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (Cinvestav-IPN) Mexico City Mexico Laboratorio de Bacteriología Departamento de Microbiología Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (ENCB-IPN) Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n Mexico City Mexico

Aeromonas is a Gram-negative bacterium that lives in aquatic habitats. It can be infective in humans. One of its remarkable attributes is the ability of biofilm formation. Many factors are involved in the construction of biofilms as has been described for Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, and Vibrio, among others. The aim of this work was to study the bacterial morphology during the establishment of biofilm through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with a modified microtiter plate assay and to determine the best conditions for the establishment of Aeromonas caviae Sch3 biolfilm in vitro. We observed several phenotypic changes, including surface appearance, size, presence of extracellular vesicles from 100 to 250 nm in diameter, and flagella. The best conditions for biofilm formation were to grow cultures at 28℃ at pH 6, as determined by the crystal violet assay. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first study that describes the cell’s biological events involved in the establishment of biofilm formation of Aeromonas caviae Sch3 in vitro.

关键词： Biofilm Aeromonas Caviae Scanning Electron Microscopy Transmission Electron Microscopy Physical and Chemical Factors

Effect of double-balloon enteroscopy on pancreas:An experimental porcine model

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第37期18卷 5181-5187页

作者： Rafael Latorre Federico Soria Octavio López-Albors ricardo Sarriá Francisco Sánchez-Margallo Pilar Esteban Fernando Carballo Enrique Pérez-Cuadrado Department of Anatomy and Comparative Pathology University of MurciaCampus de Espinardo Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center 10071 CáceresSpain Jesús Usón Minimally Invasive Surgery Center Digestive Service Morales Meseguer Hospital Digestive Service Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital

AIM:To evaluate the effect of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) on pancreas histology and levels of pancreatic enzymes. METHODS:Conventional upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed on five control pigs. Oral DBE was performed with an EN-450T5 enteroscope on 20 pigs. Two experimental groups (10 pigs each) were defined according to DBE duration:90 min for Group 1 and 140 min for Group 2. During oral insertion, the balloons were not inflated in the descending part of the duode-num to avoid the minor duodenal papilla. Serum amylase, lipase and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were monitored before the procedure and repeated every 30 min until the exploration was finished, as well as 24 h and 7 d after. After the procedure and for a total of 7 d, the pigs were observed twice a day for signs of decreased activity, irritability, vomiting or anorexia. Gross and microscopic examination of the pancreas was performed on day 7. RESULTS:All animals tolerated DBE without clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis. Experimental groups had higher levels of enzymes than the control group at 24 h. Throughout the exploration, the amylase levels increased significantly above the baseline 24 h after DBE, although the increase was not statistically significant and did not reach 20% of the baseline. An increase in lipase and CRP was observed at 24 h after the procedure, although by day 7, all enzymatic levels had returned to baseline. No differences between Groups 1 and 2 were found for any enzyme and sampling site during and after the procedure. Similarly, no correlation between insertion depth and enzyme levels was observed. Direct in situ and post-removal inspection of the pancreas did not show any evidence of fluid collection, abscesses or hemorrhage. Histological examination of the pancreas from Groups 1 and 2 revealed the existence of focal areas (0.14-0.26 mm 2 ) of ischemic necrosis in 47.4% of the animals. In the pigs with damaged pancreas, the left lobe (tail) was always affected. However, this only happened in 83.3%

关键词：急性胰腺炎实验猪双气囊小肠血清淀粉酶显微镜检查组织学检查模型

Crystal Structure, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Ether and Ester <i>Trans</i>-Ferulic Acid Derivatives

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International Journal of Organic Chemistry 2018年第4期8卷 359-377页

作者： Marco A. Obregón-Mendoza M. Mirian Estévez-Carmona Yair Alvarez-ricardo William Meza-morales Carolina Escobedo-Martínez Manuel Soriano-García Raúl G. Enríquez Instituto de Química Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México México Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas Instituto Politécnico Nacional México City México Departamento de Farmacia División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas Universidad de Guanajuato Guanajuato México

The structures of methoxymethyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, 2;(E)-3-(3-methoxy-4-(methoxymethoxy)phenyl)acrylic acid, 3;methyl (E)- 3-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, 4;benzyl (E)-3-(4-(benzyloxy)- 3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate, 6;and (E)-3-(4-(benzyloxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)- acrylic acid, 7;were established by spectroscopic and X-ray diffraction studies. Structure 2 is a new com-pound. Compounds with free phenolic hydroxyls v.gr. methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate 1, 2 and ben-zyl(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)acrylate 5, showed scavenging free- radical and antioxidant activity while moderate scavenging free-radical was observed in compound 3. Moderate inhibition of lipid peroxidation was observed for 7. Compound 5 exerted significant inhibition of cell growth in PC-3, K562 tumor cell lines and 4 exhibited the largest cytotoxic effect upon the K562 cell line.

关键词： Trans-Ferulic Acid Crystal Structures Antioxidant Activity Antitumor Scavenging Free-Radicals