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Another Year of Record Heat for the Oceans

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第6期40卷 963-974页

作者： Lijing CHENG John ABRAHAm Kevin ETRENBERTH John FASULLO Tim BOYER michael EmANN Jiang ZHU Fan WANG ricardo LOCARNINI Yuanlong LI Bin ZHANG Fujiang YU Liying WAN Xingrong CHEN Licheng Feng Xiangzhou SONG Yulong LIU Franco RESEGHETTI Simona SImONCELLI Viktor GOURETSKI Gengxin CHEN Alexey mISHONOV Jim REAGAN Guancheng LI International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Ocean mega-Science Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China University of St.Thomas School of EngineeringMinnesota 55105USA National Center for Atmospheric Research BoulderColorado 80307USA University of Auckland AucklandNew Zealand National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Centers for Environmental InformationSilver SpringMaryland 20910USA Department of Earth and Environmental Science University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China National marine Environmental Forecasting Center Ministry of Natural Resources of ChinaBeijing 100081China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China National marine Data and Information Service Tianjin 300171China Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentS.Teresa Research CenterLerici 19032Italy Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Sede di BolognaBologna 40128Italy South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China ESSIC/CISESS-mD University of MarylandCollege ParkMDCollege ParkMaryland 20740USA Eco-Environmental monitoring and Research Center Pearl River Valley and South China Sea Ecology and Environment AdministrationMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentPRCGuangzhou 510611China

Changes in ocean heat content(OHC), salinity, and stratification provide critical indicators for changes in Earth’s energy and water cycles. These cycles have been profoundly altered due to the emission of greenhouse gasses and other anthropogenic substances by human activities, driving pervasive changes in Earth’s climate system. In 2022, the world’s oceans, as given by OHC, were again the hottest in the historical record and exceeded the previous 2021 record *** to IAP/CAS data, the 0–2000 m OHC in 2022 exceeded that of 2021 by 10.9 ± 8.3 ZJ(1 Zetta Joules = 1021Joules);and according to NCEI/NOAA data, by 9.1 ± 8.7 ZJ. Among seven regions, four basins(the North Pacific, North Atlantic, the mediterranean Sea, and southern oceans) recorded their highest OHC since the 1950s. The salinity-contrast index, a quantification of the “salty gets saltier–fresh gets fresher” pattern, also reached its highest level on record in 2022,implying continued amplification of the global hydrological cycle. Regional OHC and salinity changes in 2022 were dominated by a strong La Ni?a event. Global upper-ocean stratification continued its increasing trend and was among the top seven in 2022.

关键词： ocean heat content salinity stratification global warming climate

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Use of Logistic Regression model for Prediction of Non-Timber Forest Products

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第11期8卷 2847-2859页

作者： Alexandre Leandro Santos de Abreu ricardo de Oliveira Gaspar mirella Basileu de Oliveira Lima mauro Eloi Nappo Eraldo Aparecido Trondoli Department of Forest Science University of Brasilia Brasília Brazil

The use of non-timber is a valuable alternative for the conservation of tropical forests. Juçara (Euterpe edulis mart.) is considered one of the main alternatives in the Atlantic Forest for the production of açaí pulp. However, there are few studies that aim to evaluate their production. The present study aimed to construct a probabilistic model to predict the production of Euterpe edulis bunches, using dendrometric variables and competition index. Twenty plots of 10 × 50 m were sampled in an area with said specie, showing the arboreal entities with diameter at breast height > 4.8 cm, and recording the Euterpe edulis phenomena. The main variables influencing the production of bunches were assessed using logistic regression model. The logistic regression showed the variables diameter breast height (DBH) and total height (h) as significant to explain the variation between productive and non-productive entities. The competition index tested was not significant (p-value = 0.221). The model of prediction of curl production in Juçara can be written as: Zi = -6.878594 + 0.2522454 × DBH + 0.1951574 × h. The use of a logistic regression model showed potential for prediction of non-timber forest products.

关键词： Forest management Regression model Logit Euterpe edulis mart

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Digestibility,Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Pecan Nutshell(Carya illioinensis)Extracts

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Journal of Renewable materials 2022年第10期10卷 2569-2580页

作者： maría Janeth Rodríguez-Roque Carmen Lizette Del-Toro-Sánchez Janet madeline Chávez-Ayala ricardo Iván González-Vega Liliana maribel Pérez-Pérez Esteban Sánchez-Chávez Nora AideéSalas-Salazar Juan manuel Soto-Parra Rey David Iturralde-García maría Antonia Flores-Córdova Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaChihuahuaMéxico Universidad de Sonora Rosales y Niños Héroes S/NHermosilloSonMéxico Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C.Unidad DeliciasDeliciasChihuahuaMéxico

Phenolic compounds are related to high biological activity,avoiding oxidation in food and human *** are by-products derived from the pecan nut processing that contain important amounts of phenols which biological activity must be *** research aimed to evaluate the antioxidant(DPPH,ABTS,FRAP and hemolysis)and anti-inflammatory activities of shell extracts from pecan nuts harvested during the crop production cycle 2018 and 2019,as well as the in vitro digestibility of their phenolic compounds,including *** showed that extracts from the crop production cycle 2018 obtained the highest yield,while those from 2019 contained the highest concentration of phenolic compounds,flavonoids and antioxidant capacity determined by DPPH(22.96 mmol ET),ABTS(91.55 mmol ET)and inhibition of hemolysis(92.12%).The anti-inflammatory activity exhibited an inhibition of the elastase enzyme up to 50 min and the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds reached up to 32%.These results showed that pecan nutshell extracts are an important source of biologically active compounds,thus,they are suitable to be used as commodities in different fields such as agricultural,food and pharmaceutical *** studies must be carried out in order to elucidate the activity of nutshell extracts within in vivo systems.

关键词： Anti-inflammatory activity antioxidants digestibility shell phenolic compounds

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Environmental Issues of a marine Protected Area in a Tectonic Estuary in the Tropical Eastern Pacific:Uramba(malaga Bay Colombia):Context,Biodiversity,Threats and Challenges

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第11期5卷 1037-1047页

作者： Jaime ricardo Cantera Kintz Edgardo Londono-Cruz Luz marina mejia-Ladino Leonardo Herrera-Orozco Carlos Andres Satizabal Natalia Uribe-Castaneda Research Group in Estuaries and mangroves of Colombian Pacific Departamento de BiologiaUniversidad del ValleCaliColombia Research Group in Taxonomy Systematic and Marine EcologyInstituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras“Jose Benito Vives de Andreis”Santa MartaColombia

The environmental protection of tropical marine and coastal areas faces different challenges due to the diversity of aspects related to these areas, which include natural, social and economical issues. Despite these challenges, efforts for the protection of these areas are urgent nowadays because of the dramatical increase of human related threats like habitat destruction and population growth. malaga Bay (mB) is a tectonic estuarine system located in Panama Bight (central region of the Colombian Pacific coast), which due to its origin shows important environmental characteristics of few sites in the Tropical Eastern Pacific (TEP) match. For these reasons, the government of Colombia declared in 2010, the bay’s marine area as a marine National Natural Park in order to preserve its unique estuarine marine biodiversity. Despite this measure, mB presents several conditions that make environmental protection a very difficult task. In this paper, we present the geographical context, biodiversity and natural resources, environmental threats, the complexity of economic and social context, and the institutional and legal context of mB, to exemplify the difficulty that the protection of marine areas face in the TEP.

关键词： Protected marine Areas Resources Conservation Estuaries Tropical Eastern Pacific

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Near Surface Carbon Dioxide and methane in Urban Areas of Costa Rica

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2015年第4期4卷 208-223页

作者： Germain Esquivel-Hernández mario Villalobos-Forbes ricardo Sánchez-murillo Christian Birkel Juan Valdés-González Jan Boll Laboratorio de Química de la Atmosfera Escuela de Química Universidad Nacional Heredia Costa Rica Grupo de Investigación en Isotopos Estables Escuela de Química Universidad Nacional Heredia Costa Rica Escuela de Geografía Universidad de Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Northern Rivers Institute University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Washington State University Pullman USA

Little information is available for Central America regarding methane and carbon dioxide mixing ratios in urban areas. This work reports a representative spatial and seasonal study of near surface carbon dioxide and methane, carried out between July 2014 and January 2015 (27 weeks) in the Central Valley of Costa Rica, and other urban and rural sites across the country and covering three distinct seasons: mid-summer drought (July-August), wet season (September-November) and transition period (December-January). The mixing ratios of both gases are clearly influenced by the metropolitan area, and by the prevailing atmospheric conditions during the wet season months. Average carbon dioxide concentration (629 ± 80 ppm) and average methane concentration (2192 ± 110 ppb) were up to 8% and up to 10%, respectively, higher during the wet season than the values recorded outside this period. HYSPLIT back air mass trajectories analysis, and weather data available for the Central Valley, suggest that these differences arise as result of a reduction in the mixing layer of depth (~425 m) and the wind speed (~1.5 m/s) across the valley, favoring the accumulation of polluted air masses in the metropolitan area. Other natural and anthropogenic sources, like the volcanic emissions of the Turrialba Volcano and the livestock activities at rural sites, apparently influence the mixing ratios of both gases across Costa Rica. Although the scope of this study is limited to representative seasonal conditions of the Central Valley in 2014 and 2015, it is possible considering the information presented in this work that the “dome” phenomenon can be assumed to exist.

关键词： Carbon Dioxide methane Urban Areas Costa Rica HYSPLIT Atmospheric Conditions

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ImT504: A New and Potent Adjuvant for Rabies Vaccines Permitting Significant Dose Sparing

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World Journal of Vaccines 2012年第4期2卷 182-188页

作者： Alejandro D. montaner Analia De Nichilo Juan m. Rodriguez Andres Hernando-Insua Juan Fló ricardo A. Lopez Verónica Sierra Claudio Paolazzi Oscar Larghi David L. Horn Jorge Zorzopulos Fernanda Elias David Horn LLC Doylestown PA USA. Immunotech S.A. Buenos Aires Argentina Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Fundación Pablo Cassará Buenos Aires Argentina Instituto San Jorge Bagó Buenos Aires Argentina Instituto San Jorge Bagó Buenos Aires Argentina. nstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Fundación Pablo Cassará Buenos Aires Argentina

Background: Rabies virus infection causes encephalitis, which is almost always fatal. Vaccination can be extremely effective at preventing disease but is prohibitively costly. Vaccine formulations allowing dose-sparing and fewer inoculations with faster antibody response would be extremely desirable. ImT504, an immunostimulatory non-CpG oligo-deoxynucleotide, is a highly potent vaccine adjuvant. methods: Human and rat antibody measurements, and rat chal-lenge studies were performed. Results: In rats, highly effective immune responses with ImT504 were observed even after diluting vaccine up to 1/625. In highly lethal, live intracerebral rabies challenge studies, protection occurred even with extremely dilute vaccine plus ImT504. In humans, antibody titers developed faster and were significantly higher with ImT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine vs non-adjuvanted vaccine (full strength or diluted). All five administered ImT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine reached protective antibodies (≥0.5 IU/ml) after the second injection. After the third injection, individuals receiving ImT504-adjuvanted diluted vaccine reached levels approximately 10 times higher than controls (m ± SEm: 31.0 ± 10.9 vs 3.40 ± 0.99 IU/ml). Conclusions: These data suggest that ImT504 may allow fewer inoculations, highly significant dose-sparing of vaccine, rapid antibody production and protection from rabies. Extensive clinical studies are necessary to confirm if the use of ImT504 will permit significantly greater access to highly effective life-saving rabies vaccines.

关键词： ImT504 Adjuvant Rabies Vaccine Human Animal

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Lycopene Supplementation Attenuates Oxidative Stress Parameters in the Plasma of Humans with Cad after Intense Exercise

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第4期2卷 241-248页

作者： marília C. Araujo Fernanda S. Soares merieli m. Ronsani Luiz G. C. Rocha Lilian C. Vieira Luciano A. Silva Tales de Carvalho magnus Benetti ricardo A. Pinho 不详

To investigate the effects of moderate and intense exercise (mE,IE) and lycopene (L) supplementation on oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with CAD. Rehabilitation ***-two male volunteers with CAD (55.65 ? 2.27 years, 77.27 ? 3.95 kg, 171.9 ? 2.80 cm) were divided into four groups;mE-Placebo (n = 7), mE + L (n = 8), IE-Placebo (n = 8) and IE-L (n = 9). Blood samples (12 mL) were collected before supplementation (one cereal bars – 15 mg of syn-thetic lycopene) and exercise (45 min plus 15 min of stretching, 3/wk) and after five weeks of supplementation and 72 h after exercise. Nitrite/nitrate concentrations (NOx), lipoperoxidation (TBARS levels), protein carbonylation (PC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity were assessed in plasma. NOx decreased significantly in the mE-P, IE-P and mE-L groups at 72 h after exercise and increased in the IE-L 72 h after the last exercise session. The IE-L group demonstrated decreased TBARS at 72 h after the last exercise session. The level of PC increased only in EI-P at 72 h after the last exercise session, while only the EI-L group presented a reduction. SOD increased signifi-cantly in both placebo groups 72 h after the last exercise session and decreased in the mE-L group 72 h after in rela-tion to placebo groups. CAT increased in mE-P, IE-P and IE-L groups only at 72 h after the last exercise session. The lycopene supplementation attenuates some markers of oxidative stress associated with IE Lycopene also had dissimilar effects on some markers of oxidative stress in subjects undertaking mE versus IE.

关键词： Lycopene Coronary Artery Disease Oxidative Stress Nitric Oxide Intense Exercise

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Cytotoxic Effect of methanol Extracts and Partitions of Two mexican Desert Plants against the murine Lymphoma L5178Y-R

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2016年第11期7卷 1521-1530页

作者： Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea ricardo Gomez-Flores mario Ángel Samaniego-Escamilla Humberto Carlos Hernández-martínez Patricia Tamez-Guerra Rolando morado-Castillo Laboratorio de Fitoquímica Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León UANL San Nicolás de los Garza México Laboratorio de Inmunobiología y Virología Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León UANL San Nicolás de los Garza México

Pachycereus marginatus (DC.) Britton & Rose and Ibervillea sonorae (S. Watson) Greene have been used in the mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer. The present study aims to investigate the cytotoxic activity of these plants against a murine lymphoma. Soxhlet extraction of dried and powdered plant material was performed with methanol. Also, a further partitioning of these methanolic extracts with hexane and ethyl acetate was achieved. The in vitro cytotoxic activity against the murine lymphoma L5178Y-R cell line was assessed via the colorimetric mTT assay. The methanol extract from P. marginatus exhibited high cytotoxic activity (up to 94%) at concentrations ranging from 3.9 to 500 μg/mL;however, hexane and ethyl acetate partitions from this methanolic extract showed lower but significant (p mL;ethyl acetate partition up to 94% at 65.5 μg/mL). The methanolic extract and partitions derived from I. sonorae also showed significant (p m 7.81 to 500 μg/mL (methanolic extract up to 63% at 500 μg/mL;hexane partition up to 76% at 250 μg/mL;ethyl acetate partition up to 73% at 500 μg/mL). These results demonstrate that the methanol extracts and partitions from P. marginatus and I. sonorae possess significant cytotoxic activity against the murine lymphoma L5178Y-R and validate the ethnobotanical use of these plants for the treatment of diseases consistent with cancer symptomatology. Previous scientific reports describe the isolation of isoquinoline alkaloids of P. marginatus as well as cucurbitacins from I. sonorae, phytochemicals that could be responsible for their observed cytotoxic activity in this research. The direct extraction with methanol of medicinal plants allows extracting of both high and low-polarity compounds, contrary to the simple ext

关键词： Anticancer Plants Cactaceae Cucurbitaceae mexican medicinal Plants Extracts Partitions

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“Quito municipal schools” cohort study: Baseline results

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2012年第3期2卷 70-74页

作者： Natalia Romero-Sandoval Virginia Ruiz Juan Quizanga ricardo Recalde Efrén Anchali Jaime Falconí Oscar Flores miguel martín Instituto Superior de Postgrado Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Central del Ecuador Quito Ecuador Grupos de Investigación de América y Africa Latinas (GRAAL) Barcelona Espana and Quito Ecuador Consultora de UNICEF Quito Ecuador municipio del Distrito metropolitano de Quito Quito Ecuador Unidad de Bioestadística Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain

The lack of population-level data on growth and development of children and adolescents in Ecuador, and the existence of previous data suggesting an alarming increase in the numbers of children presenting overweight or obesity justifies the present cohort study which includes all pupils of municipal schools of Quito aged 9 to 17 years. Follow-up will continue for a minimum of 7 years. This will allow determining the evolution of prevalence of these phenomena and their trends as well as other indices, both physiological and family-related customs, in order to plan appropriate preventive interventions. The present cross-sectional study includes 21 municipal schools, grouped into four health zones, each of which depends on a health centre, also municipal, and which are responsible for the health of pupils in these schools. Of the 6964 pupils studied, 18.7% suffer overweight and 7.9% obesity: 19.3% and 9.7% respectively in boys, compared to 18.2% and 5.4% in girls. The study also assesses family characteristics, degree of sedentarism and nutritional habits: 62.3% declared living in a nuclear family, and 60.5% declared their families to be in the “adolescent” life-cycle stage;91.9% of pupils were sedentary while 5.4% (CI95% 4.87 - 5.94) reported not eating breakfast every day.

关键词： Overweight and Obesity Equatorian School Children Sedentarism Type of Family

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Phenotypic Characterization of the Response to Infection with <i>Trichinella spiralis</i>in Genetically Defined mouse Lines of the CBi-IGE Stock

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Open Journal of Veterinary medicine 2015年第5期5卷 111-122页

作者： maría D. Vasconi Griselda Bertorini Ana V. Codina Paula Indelman ricardo J. Di masso Lucila I. Hinrichsen Instituto de Genética Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Médicas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario Argentina rea Parasitología Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario Argentina CIC-UNR Universidad Nacional de Rosario Rosario Argentina

Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis), which is a cosmopolitan nematode that infects humans among other species, presents a complex host-parasite relationship that hinders the development of tools to eradicate the parasitosis. The aim of this research was to analyze the host response during a primary infection with T. spiralis in five genetically different mouse lines of the CBi-IGE stock. Adult males from the CBi+, CBi−, CBi, CBi/L and CBi/C lines were infected with 1, 2 or 4 L1 larvae per g of body weight. In the chronic stage, the number of parasites per g of tissue (relative larval load, rLL) showed a significant host genotype-dose interaction, since it did not increase in the same way in the five genotypes. At the lowest dose, both CBii−and CBi/L mice were resistant while CBi+, CBi/C, and CBi were susceptible. At the highest dose, only CBi/L remained resistant, and CBi+ was the most susceptible. The reproductive capacity index of adult worms (RCI = rLL/infective dose) evinced only a genotype effect, allowing rating each line as resistant or susceptible regardless of dose. Animals receiving 2 L1 larvae were also sacrificed in the intestinal phase (6 and 13 days p-i) to determine the number of adult parasites (nAP) recovered in a small intestine segment, and female fecundity (Ff). No differences in nAP were observed among genotypes on day 6 p-i. nAP decreased between days 6 and 13 p-i, this reduction being different among genotypes and significant only in CBi/L and CBi/C. Ff decreased in CBi/L and CBi/C on day 13 p-i. At the time of infection, serum cytokine baseline values showed a Th1 orientation for genotype CBi/L (high IFN-γ and IL-2) and a Th2 for CBi+ (high IL-4 and IL-10).The variability in the response observed in this murine model suggests its potential usefulness to gain insight into the mechanisms that regulate host-parasite relationship.

关键词： Host Genotype-Parasite Relationship Gastrointestinal Nematode Trichinella spiralis Infectivity Resistance

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