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Ultraviolet reflection enhances the risk of predation in a vertebrate

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Current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 151-159页

作者： ricarda MODARRESSIE IngolfE RICK Theo C. M. BAKKER Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany

Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice or shoaling decisions. However, whether those body UV-reflections enhance also the conspicuousness to UV-sensitive predators and thereforeentail costs for its bearer is less well documented. Two size-matched three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus, one enclosed in a UV-transmitting （UV＋） and another in a UV-blocking （UV-） chamber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown trout Salmo trutta. ＂yearlings＂. Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the electromagnetic spectnun and are natural predators of three-spined sticklebacks. The stickleback that was attacked first as well as the subsequent number of attacks was recorded. Sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-transmitting chamber were attacked first significantly more often compared to stickle- backs enclosed in the UV-blocking chamber. Control experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to LrV having an influence on hue perception rather than brighmess discrimination. The difference in attack probability cor- responded to the difference in chromatic contrasts between sticklebacks and the experimental background calculated for both the UV＋ and UV- conditions in a physiological model of trout colour vision. UV reflections seem to be costly by enhancing the risk of predation due to an increased conspicuousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direct predation risk due to UV wavelengths [Current Zoology 59 （2）： 151-159, 2013].

关键词： UV vision Brown trout Salmo trutta Ultraviolet reflection Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Pre-dation risk

Influence of feeding crimped kernel maize silage on the course of subclinical necrotic enteritis in a broiler disease model

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第4期3卷 392-398页

作者： Nisha Sharma Samir Ranjitkar Nishchal K.Sharma ricarda M.Engberg Department of Animal Science Aarhus University School of Environment and Rural Science University of New England

This experiment was carried out with 375 male broilers(Ross 308) from days 1 to 28 to evaluate the influence of crimped kernel maize silage(CKMS) on the manifestation of subclinical necrotic enteritis,microbiota counts, organic acid production and relative weights of gastrointestinal segments. A necrotic enteritis disease model was applied. Birds were allocated into 3 different dietary treatments: a maizebased feed(MBF, control diet), and 2 diets supplemented with 15%(CKMS15) or 30%(CKMS30) of crimped ensiled kernel maize. The disease model involved a 10-time overdose of an attenuated live vaccine against coccidiosis given orally on day 17, followed by oral inoculation of Clostridium perfringens Type A(S48,10~8 to 10~9 bacteria/bird) twice daily on days 18,19, 20 and 21. Scoring of intestinal lesions was performed on days 22, 23, 25 and 28. Ileal and caecal digesta samples were collected for the quantification of selected bacterial groups and organic acids. The results showed that there was no effect of dietary treatments on small intestinal lesion scores(P> 0.05). Lesions scores peaked on days 23 and 25 and decreased again on day 28(P = 0.001). No effect of age on microbiota counts was observed, but feeding of CKMS30 reduced the number of coliforms in ileal contents(P = 0.01). Dietary treatments did not affect organic acid concentrations in ileum and caeca, but there was an effect of age; butyric acid was higher on days 22, 23 and 25 than on day 28(P = 0.04). Acetic acid and propionic acid concentrations in caeca were the highest on days 22 and 28 but the lowest on days 23 and 25. Relative gizzard and caeca weights were increased, and relative ileum weights were decreased when birds were fed CKMS30(P < 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of CKMS in broiler diets had no effects on the course of necrotic enteritis but had potential benefits in terms of inhibition of potentially harmful microorganisms.

关键词： Broiler Challenge model Clostridium perfringens Crimped kernel maize silage Necrotic enteritis

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创新联盟的动机与利益-一个实证研究

科研管理 2004年第z1期25卷 152-157页

作者： ricarda B.Bouncken Chair for Planning and Innovation Management Brandenburg Technical Institute

联盟是可以促进创新的。本文通过对70多个研发联盟的生物技术公司的实践研究表明,节约时间、共担风险及专业化是联盟的主要动机,并且这些动机对基础创新有积极的影响。但是过分的依靠联盟伙伴就会束缚自身能力的发挥,数据表明不同的联... 详细信息

联盟是可以促进创新的。本文通过对70多个研发联盟的生物技术公司的实践研究表明,节约时间、共担风险及专业化是联盟的主要动机,并且这些动机对基础创新有积极的影响。但是过分的依靠联盟伙伴就会束缚自身能力的发挥,数据表明不同的联盟形式对于创新绩效会有不同的影响。

关键词：合作生物技术创新

Aberrations of the Cervical Carotid Artery Which May Be Dangerous in Pharyngeal Surgery—A Computed Tomographic Study

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Advances in Computed Tomography 2013年第1期2卷 29-33页

作者： Johannes Gossner ricarda Manka Joerg Larsen Institute for Roentgendiagnostics Braunschweig Teaching HospitalsBraunschweigGermany Department of Clinical Radiology Weende Teaching HospitalGottingenGermany Euradia Private Radiology PracticeBraunschweigGermany

Background: There are recognised variations in the anatomical course of the cervical portion of the internal carotid artery. An aberrant vessel with direct contact to the pharyngeal wall could easily be injured during pharyngeal surgery or may appear as a pharyngeal pseudo mass. Previous anatomical studies predominantly involved older patients. The prevalence of such variations which are at risk of injury during pharyngeal surgery has thus not been established in a general patient population. Material and Methods: The course of the internal carotid artery in relation to the oro and hypopharyngeal walls was retrospectively evaluated bilaterally by simple visual inspection and measurement of the smallest distance between the respective vessels and the adjacent mucosal surface of the pharyngeal wall in 138 consecutive contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans of the neck. Results: 11/138 (7.9%) of patients demonstrated relevant cervical carotid artery aberrations, comprising medial kinking of a vessel with asymmetry of the adjacent pharyngeal lumen and/or an intimate submucous course in the pharyngeal wall with no identifiable separating fat plane. This prevalence increased with age. Simple visual inspection correlated well with the measurement of the smallest distance between an artery and the pharyngeal wall, which was statistically significant (p Conclusions: The prevalence of about 8% in a general patient population is higher than previously recorded in anatomical studies. Prevalence increases with age. Otorhinolaryngologists should be aware of such variation as a risk factor for haemorrhagic complications during pharyngeal surgery and as a differential diagnosis of pharyngeal mass lesions, especially in older patients. Modern contrast-enhanced CT allows identification and characterisation of any surgically relevant variant vascular anatomy in the pre-operative work-up.

关键词： Computed Tomography Internal Carotid Artery Pharyngeal Surgery Variant Anatomy

Vaccination against urinary tract infections caused by <i>E. coli</i>

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第3期4卷 487-492页

作者： Hartwig Wilhelm Bauer Hira Shams ricarda Michaela Bauer Urological Clinic Maximilian Urological Clinic LM Universitiy München München Germany

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) depicts a prevalent and potentially uncompromising infectious disease. In this analysis, we explained the functions of an immunoproteomics concept to vaccine development that has been successfully employed to recognize vaccine targets in other pathogenic bacteria. Pyelonephritis strains E. coli CFT073 are used for outer membrane isolation mimics urinary tract environment in which iron limitation, osmotic stress, human urine, and exposure to uroepithelial cells are included. During experiments of UTI, the antigens that induce the humoral immune response is to identified, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis are employed for the isolation of outer membrane protein and probed using pooled antisera from 20 CBA/J mice chronically infected with E. coli CFT073. 23 total outer membrane antigens, in which a unique iron compound receptor is included, are reacted with antisera and were identified by mass spectrometry. These antigens comprises of proteins with known functions in UPEC pathogenesis such as, ChuA, IroN, IreA, Iha, IutA, and FliC. These all information and data elaborate that these factors are associated with virulence during UTI are directed by antibody response. We also represents that the genes encoding ChuA, IroN, hypothetical protein c2482, and IutA are significantly more prevalent among UPEC strains than among fecal-commensal E. coli isolates. Therefore we concluded that, the outer membrane antigens are identified in this study are conserved, could be reflective part for the UTI vaccine generated to induce protective immunity against UPEC infections.

关键词： Pyelonephritis Outer Membrane Antigen Iron Compound Receptors

The Genetic Dissection of a Short-Term Response to Low CO_(2) Supports the Possibility for Peroxide-Mediated Decarboxylation of Photorespiratory Intermediates in the Peroxisome

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1413-1416页

作者： Olivier Keech Wenxu Zhou ricarda Fenske Catherine Colas-des-Francs-Small John D.Bussell Murray R.Badger Steven M.Smith Centres of Excellence for Plant Metabolomics and Plant Energy Biology University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWestern Australia 6009Australia UPSC Department of Plant PhysiologyUmea University90187UmeaSweden Metabolomics Australia University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawleyWestern Australia 6009Australia Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology Research School of BiologyAustralian National UniversitySullivans Creek RoadActon ACT 0200Australia

Dear Editor, Photorespiration reduces plant carbon assimilation by an estimated 25%-50% of net CO2 assimilation in typical C3 plants （Roussel and Igamberdiev, 2011）. It results from the oxygenase activity of Rubisco giving rise to phosphogly- colate. Subsequent photorespiratory metabolism involves decarboxylation of glycine in the mitochondrion and reduc- tion of hydroxypyruvate, usually assumed to occur in the peroxisome. Recent research in Arabidopsis has highlighted possible alternative sites of hydroxypyruvate reductase （HPR） activity （Figure 1A）. In addition to the accepted reduction by peroxisomal HPR1, Timm et al. （2008） identified cytosolic HPR2 and a putative chloroplast HPR3 （Timm et al., 2011）. For HPR2 or HPR3 to function in photorespiration, hydroxypyru- vate would first need to pass from the peroxisome into the cytosol. Another potential fate for hydroxypyruvate is its non-enzymic （NE） decarboxylation by reaction with hydrogen peroxide as previously suggested by experiments performed on isolated peroxisomes （Walton and Butt, 1981）.

关键词：二氧化碳过氧化氢过氧化物酶体类核酮糖二磷酸羧化酶基因内皮缩血管肽类脱羧文化适应

Estimating age of Brazilians using the methods of Demirjian and Nicodemo,Moraes and Medici:A comparative analysis

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Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research 2013年第3期1卷 57-62页

作者： ricarda Duarte da Silva Marcos Andre Duarte da Silva Aline Yumi Uezono Simone Borges Braga dos Santos Queiroz Rogerio Nogueira de Oliveira Department of Social Dentistry University of Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

This study proposed to evaluate the precision of Nicodemo, Moraes and Médici method and the method proposed by Demirjian and compare both methodologies in relation to the efficiency and applicability in the Brazilian population. The sample consisted of 124 panoramic radiographs of subjects in the age group from 7 to 16 years old, 66 patients female and 58 male. For the comparison of the genders in relation to the average percentage difference, the t-Student test was considered. In average the method of Nicodemo, Moraes and Médici presented for the female gender an estimated result 14.7% lower than the real age. For the male gender the estimative obtained was that for each year of variation of the real age the method of Nicodemo estimates a variation of 0.48 years, with a confidence interval of 95% given by (0.43;0.54). For the method of Demirjian the result was that for each year of variation of the real age the method of Demirjian estimates a variation of 1.00 year, with a confidence interval of 95% given by (0.85;1.15) for the male gender and 0.96 years, with a confidence interval of 95% given by (0.84;1.08) for the female gender. It is concluded that the Method of Nicodemo, Moraes and Médici tends to underestimate the real age and that as the real age increases this underestimate becomes higher. Now, the method of Demirjian tends to over- estimate the real age in 8.2 months for the male gender and in 7.1 for the female one in average.

关键词： Dentistry Age Estimative Forensic Dentistry Forensics