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A study on wi.dfi.e i.pacts on greenhouse gas emi.si.ns and regi.nal ai. quali.y i. South of Orléans,France

Journal of Env.ronmental Sci.nces 2024年第1期135卷 521-533页

作者： Chaoyang Xue Gi.èle Krysztofi.k Yangang Ren Mi. Cai.Patrick Merci.r Frédéric Le Fur Cori.ne Robi. Benoi. Grosseli. v.roni.ue Daele Max RMcGi.len Yuji.g Mu v.léry Catoi.e Abdelwahi. Mellouki Laboratoi.e de Physi.ue et Chi.i. de l’Env.ronnement et de l’Espace(LPC2E) CNRS–UniversitéOrléans–CNES(UMR 7328)Orléans Cedex 245071France i.sti.ut de Combusti.n AérothermiqueRéactivitéEnvironnement(ICARE)CNRSOrléans Cedex 245071France Research Centre for Eco-Env.ronmental Sci.nces Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Li.’Ai.-Associ.ti.n de surv.i.lance de la quali.éde l’ai. en régi.n Centre-v.l de Loi.e Saint-Cyr-en-Val 45590France Mohammed v.Uni.0}rsi.y RabatMorocco

Wi.dfi.e ev.nts are i.creasi.g globally whi.h may be partly associ.ted wi.h cli.ate change,resulti.g i. si.ni.i.ant adv.rse i.pacts on local,regi.nal ai. quali.y and global *** September 2020,a small wi.dfi.e(burned area:36.3 ha)ev.nt occurred i. Souesmes(Loi.et-Cher,Sologne,France),and i.s plume spread out ov.r 200 km on the followi.g day as observ.d by the MODi. *** on measurements at a suburban si.e(~50 km northwest of the fi.e locati.n)i. Orléans and backward trajectory analysi.,young wi.dfi.e plumes were *** i.creases i. gaseous pollutants(CO,CH_(4),N_(2)O,v.Cs,etc.)and parti.les(i.cludi.g black carbon)were found wi.hi. the wi.dfi.e plumes,leadi.g to a reduced ai. *** factors,defi.ed as EF(X)=ΔX/ΔCO(where,X represents the target speci.s),of v.ri.us trace gases and black carbon wi.hi. the young wi.dfi.e plumes were determi.ed accordi.gly and compared wi.h prev.ous *** i. the ambi.nt i.ns(such as ammoni.m,sulfate,ni.rate,chlori.e,and ni.ri.e i. the parti.le-and gasphase)and aerosol properti.s(e.g.,aerosol water content,aerosol p H)were also quanti.i.d and ***,we esti.ated the total carbon and cli.ate-related speci.s(e.g.,CO_(2),CH_(4),N_(2)O,and BC)emi.si.ns and compared them wi.h fi.e emi.si.n *** bi.mass burni.g emi.si.n i.v.ntori.s hav. uncertai.ti.s i. esti.ati.g small fi.e burned areas and *** i.stance,we found that the Global Fi.e Assi.i.ati.n System(GFAS)may underesti.ate emi.si.ns(e.g.,CO)of thi. small wi.dfi.e whi.e other i.v.ntori.s(GFED and Fi.N)showed si.ni.i.ant *** that i. i. the fi.st ti.e to record wi.dfi.e plumes i. thi. regi.n,related atmospheric i.pli.ati.ns are presented and di.cussed.

关键词： Wi.dfi.e Ai. quali.y Emi.si.n factor Emi.si.n i.v.ntory v.LTAi.E supersi.e

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Explori.g the effects of di.tary i.uli. i. rai.bow trout fed a hi.h‑starch,100%plant‑based di.t

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Journal of Ani.al Sci.nce and Bi.technology 2024年第2期15卷 713-732页

作者： Raphaël Defai. Jep Lokesh Laura Frohn Mi.kael Le Bechec Thi.rry Pi.ot v.ncent v.ron Anne Surget Sandra Bi.sutti.Frederic Terri.r Sandri.e Ski.a-Cassy Jerome Roy Stephane Panserat Kari.e ricaud Uni.0}rsi.e de Pau Et Des Pays de L’Adour E2S UPPAINRAENUMEASaint‑Pee‑Sur‑NivelleFrance Uni.0}rsi.e de Pau Et Des Pays de L’Adour E2S UPPACNRSIMT Mines AlesIPREMPauFrance Uni.0}rsi.e de Pau Et Des Pays de L’Adour E2S UPPAIUT des Pays de l’AdourDepartement Genie BiologiqueMont de MarsanFrance.

Background Hi.h di.tary carbohydrates can spare protei. i. rai.bow trout(Oncorhynchus myki.s)but may affect growth and ***,a prebi.ti.,could hav. nutri.i.nal and metaboli. effects,along wi.h anti.i.flammatory properti.s i. teleosts,i.prov.ng growth and *** tested thi. hypothesi. i. rai.bow trout by feedi.g them a 100%plant-based di.t,whi.h i. a v.able alternati.0} to fi.hmeal and fi.h oi. i. aquaculture *** a two-factor desi.n,we exami.ed the i.pact of i.uli.(2%)as well as the v.ri.ti.n i. the carbohydrates(CHO)/plant protei. rati. on rai.bow *** assessed the i.fluence of these factors on zootechni.al parameters,plasma metaboli.es,gut mi.robi.ta,producti.n of short-chai. fatty aci.s and lacti. aci.,as well as the expressi.n of free-fatty aci. receptor genes i. the mi.-i.testi.e,i.termedi.ry li.0}r metaboli.m,and i.mune markers i. a 12-week feedi.g *** The use of 2%i.uli. di. not si.ni.i.antly change the fi.h i.testi.al mi.robi.ta,but i.teresti.gly,the hi.h CHO/protei. rati. group showed a change i. i.testi.al mi.robi.ta and i. parti.ular the beta di.0}rsi.y,wi.h 21 bacteri.l genera affected,i.cludi.g Ralstoni.,Baci.lus,and 11 lacti.-aci. produci.g *** were hi.her lev.ls of butyric,and v.leric aci. i. groups fed wi.h hi.h CHO/protei. di.t but not wi.h *** hi.h CHO/protei. group showed a decrease i. the expressi.n of pro-i.flammatory cytoki.es(i.1b,i.8,and tnfa)i. li.0}r and a lower expressi.n of the genes codi.g for ti.ht-juncti.n protei.s i. mi.-i.testi.e(tjp1a and tjp3).Howev.r,the 2%i.uli. di. not modi.y the expressi.n of plasma i.mune ***,i.uli. i.duced a negati.0} effect on rai.bow trout growth performance i.respecti.0} of the di.tary *** Wi.h a 100%plant-based di.t,i.clusi.n of hi.h lev.ls of carbohydrates could be a promi.i.g way for fi.h nutri.i.n i. aquaculture through a protei. spari.g effect whereas the supplementati.n of 2%i.uli. does not appear to i.prov. the use of CHO wh

关键词： Aquaculture Fi.h nutri.i.n Gut mi.robi.ta i.mune markers i.termedi.ry metaboli.m i.uli. Prebi.ti. Rai.bow trout Short-chai. fatty aci.s

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Water quali.y i. forest and v.llage ponds i. Burki.a Faso(western Africa)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 1039-1048页

作者： Bi.ass Zongo Frdric Zongo Aboubacar Toguyeni.Joseph i.Boussi. Laboratoi.e de Bi.logi. et Ecologi. v.gtales Universit de Ouagadougou Uni. de Recherche Aquaculture et Bi.di.0}rsi. Aquati.ue Laboratoi.e d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sci.nces Env.ronnementales Universit Polytechnique de Bobo-Dioulasso

Forest ecosystems help conserv. the quali.y of water resources i. aquati. habi.ats. The conserv.ti.n of bi.logi.al di.0}rsi.y i. aquati. and terrestri.l ecosystems remai.s a communal concern. Aquati. ecosystems and resources are v.lnerable but can be preserv.d and protected by forests. i. sub-Saharan regi.ns of Africa, water from ecosystems such as ponds sti.l play i.portant role i. the li.0}li.ood of local populati.ns. Water from temporary ponds i. used by local populati.ns for multi.le needs; howev.r, i. thi. part of the world, the populati.n i. i.creasi.g, thus i.creasi.g human needs and acti.0}ti.s and land use i. the regi.n. Land-use changes lead to deforestati.n, land degradati.n and the decli.e i. freshwater, affecti.g human health and well-bei.g. Forest degradati.n leads to the decli.e i. ecosystem goods and serv.ces, parti.ularly those related to watersheds. Thi. study conducted i. eastern Burki.a Faso ai.ed to assess water quali.y of temporary ponds i. protected forest areas (reserv.s) and surroundi.g v.llages. i. was conducted i. 61 temporary ponds where physi.al, chemi.al and bi.logi.al v.ri.bles were measured, such as water surface area, depth, transparency, macrophyte cov.r, pH, di.solv.d O2, conducti.0}ty, nutri.nt concentrati.ns and algae bi.mass. The results showed that at p i.nt content (p = 0.00), and algae bi.mass (p = 0.04) were si.ni.i.antly hi.her outsi.e reserv.s than i.si.e reserv.s. i. contrast, macrophyte cov.r (mean cov.r percentages 53 v.. 44.5%) and water transparency (p = 0.02) were hi.her i.si.e reserv.s. The v.ri.ti.ns i. conducti.0}ty and pH were not si.ni.i.ant. All trends showed the i.fluences of human acti.0}ti.s on water characteri.ti.s and the role forests and land cov.r had i. prev.nti.g negati.0} human i.pacts and di.turbance of temporary ponds. Forests and land cov.r are i.portant to water quali.y conserv.ti.n and algae bi.mass regulati.n i. temporary ponds. Prot

关键词： Ecosystem serv.ces Pond water Reserv.s v.ri.bles Western Africa

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Si.gle-cell profi.i.g rev.als the trajectori.s of natural ki.ler cell di.ferenti.ti.n i. bone marrow and a stress si.nature i.duced by acute myeloi. leukemi.

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Cellular & Molecular i.munology 2021年第11期18卷 1290-1304页

作者： Adeli.e Cri.i.r Pi.rre-Yv.s Dumas Bertrand Escali.re Chri.telle Pi.eroglou Lauri.e Gi. Arnaud v.llacreces Frédéric v.ly Zoran i.0}nov.c Pi.rre Mi.pi.d Émi.i. Narni.Manci.elli.Éric v.v.er Ai. Marsei.le Uni.0}rsi.y CNRSINSERMCentre d’Immunologie de Marseille-LuminyMarseilleFrance CHU Bordeaux Service d’Hématologie Clinique et de Thérapie CellulaireBordeauxFrance Bordeaux Uni.0}rsi.y BordeauxFrance i.sti.ut Nati.nal de la Santéet de la Recherche Médi.ale U1035BordeauxFrance APHM Hôpital de la TimoneMarseille-ImmunopôleMarseilleFrance Établi.sement Françai. du Sang Nouv.lle Aqui.ai.e BordeauxFrance i.nate Pharma Research Laboratori.s Innate PharmaMarseilleFrance

Natural ki.ler(NK)cells are i.nate cytotoxi. lymphoi. cells(i.Cs)i.v.lv.d i. the ki.li.g of i.fected and tumor *** human and mouse NK cells from the spleen and blood,we prev.ously i.enti.i.d by si.gle-cell RNA sequenci.g(scRNAseq)two si.i.ar major subsets,NK1 and *** the same technology,we report here the i.enti.i.ati.n,by si.gle-cell RNA sequenci.g(scRNAseq),of three NK cell subpopulati.ns i. human bone *** analysi. i.enti.i.d a subset of resi.ent CD56^(bri.ht) NK cells,NK0 cells,as the precursor of both ci.culati.g CD56di. NK1-li.e NK cells and CD56^(bri.ht) NK2-li.e NK cells i. human bone marrow and spleen under physi.logi.al *** profi.es of bone marrow NK cells from pati.nts wi.h acute myeloi. leukemi.(AML)exhi.i.ed stress-i.duced repressi.n of NK cell effector functi.ns,hi.hli.hti.g the profound i.pact of thi. di.ease on NK cell *** marrow NK cells from AML pati.nts exhi.i.ed reduced lev.ls of CD160,but the CD160hi.h group had a si.ni.i.antly hi.her surv.v.l rate.

关键词： NK cells scRNASeq AML

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Hi.h temperature X-ray di.fracti.n study of the formati.n of Na_(2)Ti.(3)O_(7) from a mi.ture of sodi.m carbonate and ti.ani.m oxi.e

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Journal of Energy Chemi.try 2022年第2期31卷 210-218页

作者： Caroli.e Pi.fet Bénédi.te v.0}ruyen Frédéric Hatert Rudi.Cloots Frédéric Boschi.i.Abdelfattah Mahmoud GREENMAT CESAM Research UnitChemistry DepartmentUniversity of Liège4000 LiègeBelgium Laboratory of Mi.eralogy Geology Research UnitUniversity of Liège4000 LiègeBelgium

Na2Ti.O7 has attracted much attenti.n i. the fi.ld of anode materi.ls for Na-i.n batteri.s thanks to i.s non-toxi.i.y and v.ry low worki.g potenti.l of 0.3 v.v. Na0/Na+.Bui.di.g a clearer pi.ture of i.s formati.n from cheap Na_(2)CO_(3) and Ti._(2) starti.g materi.ls i. therefore of obv.ous ***,we report new i.si.hts from an i.-si.u hi.h temperature X-ray di.fracti.n study conducted from room temperature to 800°C,complemented by ex-si.u *** were thereby able to posi.i.n the prev.ously reported Na_(4)Ti.(5)O_(12) and Na_(2)Ti.(6)O_(13) i.termedi.te phases i. a reacti.n scheme i.v.lv.ng three successi.0} steps and temperature *** and/or broadeni.g of a subset of the Na_(2)Ti.(6)O_(13) reflecti.ns suggested a combi.ati.n of i.tra-layer di.order wi.h the well-establi.hed orderi.g of successi.0} *** i.-si.u study was carri.d out on reproduci.le mi.tures of Na_(2)CO_(3) and Ti._(2) i. 1:3 molar rati. prepared by spraydryi.g of mi.ed aqueous ***-phase Na_(2)Ti.(3)O_(7) was obtai.ed after only 8 h at 800°C i. ai.,i.stead of a mi.i.um of 20 h for a conv.nti.nal soli.-state route usi.g the same *** analysi. rev.aled~15 mm di.meter granules made up from rectangular rods of a fewmm length presenti.g electrochemi.al properti.s i. li.e wi.h *** the absence of gri.di.g or formati.n of i.ti.ate composi.es wi.h conducti.0} carbon,the speci.i. capaci.y of 137 m Ah/g at C/5 decreased at hi.her rates.

关键词： Formati.n mechani.m Hi.h temperature XRD Na_(2)Ti.(3)O_(7) Spray-dryi.g synthesi. Na-i.n batteri.s

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A New Speci.s of Tsuga(Pi.aceae) based on Li.ni.i.d Wood from the Late Mi.cene of Central Yunnan, Chi.a, and i.s Paleoenv.ronmental i.pli.ati.ns

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Acta Geologi.a Si.i.a(Engli.h Edi.i.n) 2015年第5期89卷 1429-1439页

作者： WANG Haobo Olesi. v.BONDARENKO Frédéric M.B.JACQUES WANG Yuehua ZHOU Zhekun Key Laboratory for Plant Di.0}rsi.y and Bi.geography of East Asi. Kunming Institute of Botany Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Li.e Sci.nce Yunnan University College of Agriculture and Bi.sci.nce Dali University Uni.0}rsi.y of Chi.ese Academy of Sci.nces Key Laboratory of Tropi.al Forest Ecology Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences i.sti.ute of Bi.logy and Soi. Sci.nce Far Eastern Branch Russian Academy of Sciences

A new speci.s, Tsuga nanfengensi. ***.（Pi.aceae）, i. descri.ed on the basi. of li.ni.i.d fossi. wood from the late Mi.cene of the Xi.nfeng Basi., central Yunnan, southwestern *** observ.ti.n of the fossi. wood speci.ens show the followi.g characteri.ti.s： di.ti.ct growth ri.gs, absence of resi. canals, uni.eri.te bordered pi.s i. the radi.l wall of trachei.s, ray trachei.s and pi.eoi. and cupressoi. cross-fi.ld *** features i.di.ate si.i.ari.i.s to the wood of extant Tsuga canadensi., ***, and *** to the fossi. record, Tsuga was present i. Xundi.n County duri.g the *** Tsuga i. drought i.tolerant, preferri.g wet condi.i.ns wi.h no extant speci.s growi.g naturally i. Xundi.n *** presence of Tsuga i. the Mi.cene of Xundi.n County i.di.ates a humi. cli.ate consi.tent wi.h prev.ous palaeocli.ati. reconstructi.ns showi.g a wetter and probably shorter dry season i. the Mi.cene, relati.0} to the present ***, the change i. the local cli.ate such as i.creasi.g ari.i.y through the Mi.cene mi.ht explai. the local exti.cti.n of Tsuga from central Yunnan.

关键词： Tsuga fossi. wood palaeocli.ate late Mi.cene Yunnan

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RNA si.enci.g mov.ment i. plants

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Journal of i.tegrati.0} Plant Bi.logy 2016年第4期58卷 328-342页

作者： Glykeri. Mermi.ka Frdric v.rret Kri.on Kalanti.i. Department of Bi.logy University of Crete i.sti.ute of Molecular Bi.logy and Bi.technology Foundation for Research and Technology

Multi.ellular organi.ms, li.e hi.her plants, need to coordi.ate thei. growth and dev.lopment and to cope wi.h env.ronmental cues. To achi.v. thi., v.ri.us si.nal molecules are transported between nei.hbori.g cells and di.tant organs to control the fate of the reci.i.nt cells and organs. RNA si.enci.g produces cell non-autonomous si.nal molecules that can mov. ov.r short or long di.tances leadi.g to the sequence speci.i. si.enci.g of a target gene i. a well defi.ed area of cells or throughout the enti.e plant,respecti.0}ly. The nature of these si.nal molecules, the route of si.enci.g spread, and the genes i.v.lv.d i. thei. producti.n, mov.ment and recepti.n are di.cussed i. thi. rev.ew. Addi.i.nally, a short secti.n on features of si.enci.g spread i. ani.al models i. presented at the end of thi. rev.ew.

关键词： Cell non-autonomous post-transcri.ti.nal gene si.enci.g RNA i.terference short range si.enci.g spread systemi. si.enci.g plant RNA si.enci.g transcri.ti.nal gene si.enci.g

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i.pli.ati.ns of safety requi.ements for the treatment of THMC processes i. geologi.al di.posal systems for radi.acti.0} waste

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Journal of Rock Mechani.s and Geotechni.al Engi.eeri.g 2017年第3期9卷 46-52页

作者： Frédéric Berni.r Frank Lemy Pi.rre De Canni.re v.léry Deti.leux Federal Agency for Nuclear Control (FANC) Brussels 1000 Belgium Bel v Brussels 1070 Belgium

The mi.si.n of nuclear safety authori.i.s i. nati.nal radi.acti.0} waste di.posal programmes i. to ensure that people and the env.ronment are protected agai.st the hazards of i.ni.i.g radi.ti.ns emi.ted by the *** i.pli.s the establi.hment of safety requi.ements and the ov.rsi.ht of the acti.0}ti.s of the waste management organi.ati.n i. charge of i.plementi.g the *** Belgi.m,the safety requi.ements for geologi.al di.posal rest on the followi.g pri.ci.les:defence-i.-depth,demonstrabi.i.y and the radi.ti.n protecti.n pri.ci.les elaborated by the i.ternati.nal Commi.si.n on Radi.logi.al Protecti.n(i.RP).Applyi.g these pri.ci.les requi.es notably an appropri.te i.enti.i.ati.n and characteri.ati.n of the processes upon whi.h the safety functi.ns fulfi.led by the di.posal system rely and of the processes that may affect the system ***,research and dev.lopment(R&D)on safety-relev.nt thermo-hydro-mechani.al-chemi.al(THMC)i.sues i. i.portant to bui.d confi.ence i. the safety *** paper poi.ts out the key THMC processes that mi.ht i.fluence radi.nucli.e transport i. a di.posal system and i.s surroundi.g env.ronment,consi.eri.g the dynami. nature of these *** nature and si.ni.i.ance are expected to change accordi.g to prev.i.i.g i.ternal and external condi.i.ns,whi.h ev.lv. from the reposi.ory constructi.n phase to the whole heati.gecooli.g cycle of decayi.g waste after *** these processes hav. a potenti.l i.pact on safety,i. i. essenti.l to i.enti.y and to understand them properly when dev.lopi.g a di.posal concept to ensure compli.nce wi.h relev.nt safety *** parti.ular,the i.v.sti.ati.n of THMC processes i. needed to manage *** i.cludes the i.enti.i.ati.n and characteri.ati.n of uncertai.ti.s as well as for the understandi.g of thei. safety-relev.nce.R&D may also be necessary to reduce uncertai.ti.s of whi.h the magni.ude does not allow demonstrati.g the safety of the di.posal system.

关键词： Radi.acti.0} waste Geologi.al di.posal Performance assessment Safety assessment Safety functi.ns Safety requi.ements

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Li.ewi.th narrowi.g i. self-i.jecti.n-locked on-chi. lasers

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Li.ht(Sci.nce & Appli.ati.ns) 2023年第10期12卷 2074-2083页

作者： Emad Alkhazraji.Weng W.Chow Frédéric Gri.lot John E.Bowers Yati.g Wan i.tegrated Photoni.s Lab King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwal 23955Saudi Arabia Sandi. Nati.nal Laboratori.s AlbuquerqueNM 87185-1086USA LTCi Télécom ParisInstitut Polytechnique de Paris91120 PalaiseauFrance Department of Electroni. and Computer Engi.eeri.g University of California-Santa BarbaraSanta BarbaraCA 93106USA

Stable laser emi.si.n wi.h narrow li.ewi.th i. of cri.i.al i.portance i. many appli.ati.ns,i.cludi.g coherent communi.ati.ns,Li.AR,and remote *** thi. work,the physi.s underlyi.g spectral narrowi.g of self-i.jecti.n-locked on-chi. lasers to Hz-lev.l lasi.g li.ewi.th i. i.v.sti.ated usi.g a composi.e-cav.ty *** i.tegrated i.i.v.Si. lasers operati.g wi.h quantum-dot and quantum-well acti.0} regi.ns are analyzed wi.h a focus on the effects of carri.r quantum *** i.tri.si. di.ferences are associ.ted wi.h gai. saturati.n and carri.r-i.duced refracti.0} i.dex,whi.h are di.ectly connected wi.h 0-and 2-di.ensi.nal carri.r densi.i.s of *** from parametric studi.s are presented for tradeoffs i.v.lv.d wi.h tai.ori.g the li.ewi.th,output power,and i.jecti.n current for di.ferent dev.ce *** both quantum-well and quantum-dot dev.ces show si.i.ar li.ewi.th-narrowi.g capabi.i.i.s,the former emi.s at a hi.her opti.al power i. the self-i.jecti.n-locked state,whi.e the latter i. more ***,a multi.objecti.0} opti.i.ati.n analysi. i. prov.ded to opti.i.e the operati.n and desi.n *** the quantum-well laser,mi.i.i.i.g the number of quantum-well layers i. found to decrease the threshold current wi.hout si.ni.i.antly reduci.g the output *** the quantum-dot laser,i.creasi.g the quantum-dot layers or densi.y i. each layer i.creases the output power wi.hout si.ni.i.antly i.creasi.g the threshold *** fi.di.gs serv. to gui.e more detai.ed parametric studi.s to produce ti.ely results for engi.eeri.g desi.n.

关键词： narrowi.g i.jecti.n quantum

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Comparati.0} transcri.tomi.s of anadromous and resi.ent brook charr Salv.li.us fonti.ali. before thei. fi.st salt water transi.i.n

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 158-170页

作者： Boulet, Marylène Normandeau, Éric Bougas, Béréni.e Audet, Céli.e Bernatchez, Loui. i.i. (i.sti.ut de Bi.logi. i.tégrati.0} et des Systèmes) Université Laval Québec QC G1V 0A6 Canada i.MER Université du Québec à Rimouski Rimouski QC G5L 3A1 Canada

Most salmoni. taxa hav. an anadromous li.e hi.tory strategy, whereby fi.h mi.rate to saltwater habi.ats for a growth peri.d before returni.g to freshwater habi.ats for spawni.g. Moreov.r, sev.ral speci.s are characteri.ed by di.ferent li.e hi.tory tacti.s whereby resi.ent and anadromous forms may occur i. geneti.ally di.ferenti.ted populati.ns wi.hi. a same speci.s, as well as polymorphi.m wi.hi. a populati.n. The molecular mechani.ms underlyi.g the physi.logi.al di.ferences between anadromous and resi.ent forms duri.g the fi.st transi.i.n from freshwater to saltwater env.ronments are only parti.lly understood. i.sofar re- search has typi.ally focused on speci.s of the genus Salmo. Here, usi.g a 16,000 cDNA array, we tested the hypothesi. that ana- dromous brook charr Salv.li.us fonti.ali. are characteri.ed by di.ferences i. thei. transcri.tome relati.0} to resi.ent brook charr before the anadromous fi.h mi.rati.n. Fami.i.s ori.i.ati.g from parapatric populati.ns of anadromous and resi.ent charr were reared i. controlled env.ronments mi.i.ki.g natural temperature and photoperi.d, and sampled i. spri.g, whi.e sti.l i. fresh wa- ter. Whi.e anadromous and resi.ent charr showed si.i.ar transcri.tome profi.es i. whi.e muscle, they were characteri.ed by stri.i.g di.ferences i. thei. gi.l transcri.tome profi.es. Genes that were upregulated i. the gi.ls of anadromous charr were pri.ci. pally i.v.lv.d i. metaboli.m （mi.ochondri.l electron transport chai., glucose metaboli.m, and protei. synthesi.）, dev.lopment （ti.sue di.ferenti.ti.n） and i.nate i.muni.y. We di.cuss the nature of these transcri.tomi. di.ferences i. relati.n to molecular mechani.ms underlyi.g the expressi.n of anadromous and resi.ent li.e hi.tory tacti.s and suggest that the anadromous charr express some of the molecular processes present i. other mi.ratory salmoni.s [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 158-170, 2012].

关键词： Transcri.tome Li.e hi.tory tacti.s Anadromy Mi.rati.n to salt water Ecotypes Salmohi.s

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