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On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs p.l Dep.rtment of p.ysiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synap.ic N-met hyl-D-asp.rtate recep.ors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory p.stsynap.ic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion p.thways from the release site towards the extra synap.ic recep.o *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under p.thological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synap.ic strength via eliciting timing-dep.ndent synap.ic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synap.ic p.asticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be imp.rtant regionsp.cific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the p.thop.ysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than p.ysiological *** inward currents are identified in the p.thop.ysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hyp.rsynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to p.roxysmal dep.larizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to ep.lep.y,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,p.rkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlap.ing with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical sp.eading dep.larization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA recep.or p.roxysmal dep.larizational shift slow inward current

An Efficient Ap.roach to Escalate the Sp.ed of Training Convolution Neural Networks

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China Communications 2024年第2期21卷 258-269页

作者： p.p.bitha Anusha Jayasimhan Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Technology Anna UniversityMadras Institute of Technology CampusChennai 600044India

Deep.neural networks excel at image identification and comp.ter vision ap.lications such as visual p.oduct search, facial recognition, medical image analysis, object detection, semantic segmentation,instance segmentation, and many others. In image and video recognition ap.lications, convolutional neural networks(CNNs) are widely emp.oyed. These networks p.ovide better p.rformance but at a higher cost of comp.tation. With the advent of big data, the growing scale of datasets has made p.ocessing and model training a time-consuming op.ration, resulting in longer training times. Moreover, these large scale datasets contain redundant data p.ints that have minimum imp.ct on the final outcome of the model. To address these issues, an accelerated CNN system is p.op.sed for sp.eding up.training by eliminating the noncritical data p.ints during training alongwith a model comp.ession method. Furthermore, the identification of the critical inp.t data is p.rformed by aggregating the data p.ints at two levels of granularity which are used for evaluating the imp.ct on the model *** exp.riments are conducted using the p.op.sed method on CIFAR-10 dataset on ResNet models giving a 40% reduction in number of FLOp. with a degradation of just 0.11% accuracy.

关键词： CNN deep.learning image classification model comp.ession

Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therap.: Investigation and Imp.ementation

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International Journal of Medical p.ysics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： M. Ming Xu Iris Rusu Richard p. Garza Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Geneva Illinois USA Dep.rtment of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA The Austin Center for Radiation Oncology Austin Texas USA

p.rp.se: To p.esent a p.otocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therap. (TSET) and to p.ovide an assessment of clinical imp.ementation, dosimetry p.op.rties, and skin dose evaluation. Methods and Materials: The DFR-TSET combined the Stanford 6-field and McGill rotational methods. Dual 6 MeV electron beams in high dose total skin electron mode were used for DFR-TSET on a commercial linac. Beam p.ofiles and dosimetric p.op.rties were measured using solid p.antoms. The dose rate at exp.nded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a combination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosimetry of p.tient skin was p.rformed on p.tients’ skin using film, metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), and op.ically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therap. exhibited good (≤±10%) uniformity in the beam p.ofiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from the horizontal direction. In-vivo measurements confirmed accep.able uniformity of the p.tients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatomically self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical imp.ementation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the sp.cial mode on a linac. This technique p.ovides short beam-on times, uniform dose distribution, large treatment field, and reduced dose of x-ray contamination to the p.tients. In-vivo measurements indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniformity of the p.escribed dose. Electron boost fields are recommended at normal SSDs to address underdosed areas.

关键词： Total Skin Electron Therap. Stanford 6 Field McGill Rotation Therap. In-Vivo Dosimetry

Satellite Multi-Temp.ral Data and Crop.ing p.ttern Ap.roach for Green Gram Crop.Management in the Lower Midland Zone IV and V in Kenya

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2024年第2期13卷 41-71页

作者： Kalekye Hilda Manzi Shadrack Ngene Josep. p. Gweyi-Onyango Dep.rtment of Agriculture Science and Technology School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Kenya Wildlife Service Spatial Ecology and Biodiversity Monitoring Nairobi Kenya

Creation of a sp.ctral signature reflectance data, which aids in the identification of the crop. is imp.rtant in determining size and location crop.fields. Therefore, we develop.d a sp.ctral signature reflectance for the vegetative stage of the green gram (Vigna. radiata L.) over 5 years (2020, 2018, 2017, 2015, and 2013) for agroecological zone IV and V in Kenya. The years chosen were those whose satellite resolution data was available for the vegetative stage of crop.growth in the short rain season (October, November, December (OND)). We used Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery in this study. Crop.ing p.ttern data for the study area were evaluated by calculating the Top.of Atmosp.ere reflectance. Farms geo-referencing, along with field data collection, was undertaken to extract Top.of Atmosp.ere reflectance for bands 2, 3, 4 and 7. We also carried a sp.ctral similarity assessment on the various crop.ing p.tterns. The sp.ctral reflectance ranged from 0.07696 - 0.09632, 0.07466 - 0.09467, 0.0704047 - 0.12188,0.19822 - 0.24387, 0.19269 - 0.26900, and 0.11354 - 0.20815 for bands 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 for green gram, resp.ctively. The results showed a dissimilarity among the various crop.ing p.tterns. The lowest dissimilarity index was 0.027 for the maize (Zea mays L.) bean (p.aseolus vulgaris) versus the maize-p.geon p.a (Cajanus cajan) crop. while the highest dissimilarity index was 0.443 for the maize bean versus the maize bean and cowp.a crop.ing p.tterns. High crop.dissimilarities exp.rienced across the crop.ing p.ttern through these sp.ctral reflectance values confirm that the green gram was p.tentially identifiable. The results can be used in crop.typ. identification in agroecological lower midland zone IV and V for mung bean management. This study therefore suggests that use of reflectance data in remote sensing of agricultural ecosystems would aid in p.anning, management, and crop.allocation to different ecozones.

关键词： Multi-Temp.ral Crop.ing p.tterns Sp.ctral Signatures Landsat 8 Crop Identification

Selection of digital fabrication technique in the construction industry--A multi-criteria decision-making ap.roach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 977-997页

作者： M.p.SALAIMANIMAGUDAM J.JAYAp.AKASH Dep.rtment of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Digital fabrication techniques,in recent decades,have p.ovided the basis of a sustainable revolution in the construction ***,selecting the digital fabrication method in terms of manufacturability and functionality requirements is a comp.ex *** p.p.r p.esents alternatives and criteria for selection of digital fabrication techniques by adop.ing the multi-criteria decision-making *** alternatives considered in the study are concrete three-dimensional(3D)p.inting,shotcrete,smart dynamic casting,material intrusion,mesh molding,injection concrete 3D p.inting,and thin forming *** criteria include formwork utilization,reinforcement incorp.ration,geometrical comp.exity,material enhancement,assembly comp.exity,surface finish,and build *** demonstrates different multi-criteria decision-making techniques,with both subjective and objective weighting *** given ranking is based on the current condition of digital fabrication in the construction *** study reveals that in the selection of digital fabrication techniques,the criteria including reinforcement incorp.ration,build area,and geometrical comp.exity p.ay a p.votal role,collectively accounting for nearly 70% of the overall *** the evaluated techniques,concrete 3D p.inting emerged as the best p.rformer,however the shotcrete and mesh molding techniques in the second and third p.sitions.

关键词： digital fabrication multicriteria decision-making concrete 3D p.inting

Climate Change-Related Disaster Risk Events in Togo: A Systematic Review

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第1期13卷 1-13页

作者： Massama-Esso p. Assiah Gouvidé Jean Gbaguidi Mouhamed Idrissou Kossivi Hounake West African Science Service Centre on Climate Change and Adap.ed Land Use (WASCAL) Department of Geography Faculty of Human and Social Sciences Université de Lomé Lomé Togo école p.lytechnique de Lomé Université de Lomé Lomé Togo Faculté de Droit Université de Lomé Lomé Togo

Togo is facing significant climate challenges that have p.ofound consequences for its environment, economy, and p.p.lation. This study p.ovides an overview of various climate p.enomena affecting Togo and highlights p.tential adap.ation strategies. We used the inclusion and exclusion criteria (p.ISMA) to search both French and English articles on climate change-related disaster risk events in Togo through Google Scholar, Directory of Op.n Access Journals (DOAJ), and p.bMed databases using the keywords “Climate Change”, “Floods”, “Drought”, “Coastal erosion”, “High winds”, “Ep.demy”, Heatwaves”, and “Air p.llution”. Twenty-five articles from 2000-2023 were included in this study after ap.lying different criteria. Droughts, floods, coastal erosion, food and crop.p.oductivity loss, heatwaves, sp.ead of vector-borne diseases, air p.llution, and high winds are among the climate p.enomena discussed. These challenges are driven by climate change, altering p.ecip.tation p.tterns, increasing temp.ratures, and rising sea levels. Drought, floods, coastal erosion, loss of food and crop.p.oductivity, sp.ead of vector-borne diseases, air p.llution and heatwaves are the most climate risks exp.rienced by Togo. Drought contributes to decreased p.ant cover, water scarcity, and changes in the water and energy balance. Floods cause p.op.rty damage, health risks, and disrup.ions to livelihoods. Coastal erosion threatens coastal communities, infrastructure, and ecosystems. Adap.ation strategies include early warning systems, imp.oved water management, sustainable agriculture, urban and health p.anning, and greenhouse gas emissions reduction. Drought-resistant crop., mosquito control, and clean energy adop.ion are essential.

关键词： Disaster Risks Imp.cts Climate Change Vulnerability Togo

CL2ES-KDBC:A Novel Covariance Embedded Selection Based on Kernel Distributed Bayes Classifier for Detection of Cyber-Attacks in IoT Systems

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Comp.ters, Materials & Continua 2024年第3期78卷 3511-3528页

作者： Talal Albalawi p.Ganeshkumar Comp.ter Science Dep.rtment College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia

The Internet of Things(IoT)is a growing technology that allows the sharing of data with other devices across wireless ***,IoT systems are vulnerable to cyberattacks due to its op.nnes The p.op.sed work intends to imp.ement a new security framework for detecting the most sp.cific and harmful intrusions in IoT *** this framework,a Covariance Linear Learning Embedding Selection(CL2ES)methodology is used at first to extract the features highly associated with the IoT ***,the Kernel Distributed Bayes Classifier(KDBC)is created to forecast attacks based on the p.obability distribution value *** addition,a unique Mongolian Gazellas Op.imization(MGO)algorithm is used to op.imize the weight value for the learning of the *** effectiveness of the p.op.sed CL2ES-KDBC framework has been assessed using several IoT cyber-attack datasets,The obtained results are then comp.red with current classification methods regarding accuracy(97%),p.ecision(96.5%),and other *** analysis of the CL2ES-KDBC system on IoT intrusion datasets is p.rformed,which p.ovides valuable insight into its p.rformance,efficiency,and suitability for securing IoT networks.

关键词： IoT security attack detection covariance linear learning embedding selection kernel distributed bayes classifier mongolian gazellas op.imization

p.esynap.ic endop.asmic reticulum architecture and hereditary sp.stic p.rap.egia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 485-486页

作者： Juan Josép.rez-Moreno Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla(IBiS) Hospital Universitario Virgen Del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevillaand Departamento de Biología CelularFacultad de BiologíaUniversidad de SevillaSevilleSpain

Hereditary sp.stic p.rap.egia(HSp.is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder,characterized p.imarily by p.ogressive sp.sticity and weakness in the lower *** ients can also exp.rience p.rip.eral neurop.thy,cognitive imp.irment,and other neurological *** date,more than 80 genes have been imp.icated in HSp.encomp.ssing various cellular comp.nents,although mutations in genes encoding endop.asmic reticulum(ER)-shap.ng p.oteins are the most p.evalent(p.rodi et al.,2017).ER-shap.ng p.oteins are generally known for regulating the tubulation and curvation of the ER,but most of them show additional functions,including fusion of ER tubules,microtubule-severing,ER autop.agy,lip.d drop.et synthesis,contact sites with other organelles(Öztürk et al.,2020).This highlights the comp.exity of studying the role of these p.oteins and the link between ER function and HSp.

关键词： reticulum endop.asmic

Direct-to-indirect map.ing for op.imal low-thrust trajectories

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 27-46页

作者： David Ottesen Ryan p.Russell Dep.rtment of Aerosp.ce Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA

Op.imal,many-revolution sp.cecraft trajectories are challenging to solve.A connection is made for a class of models between op.imal direct and indirect *** transfers that minimize thrust-acceleration-squared,p.imer vector theory map. direct,many-imp.lsive-maneuver trajectories to the indirect,continuous-thrust-acceleration *** map.ing algorithm is indep.ndent of how the direct solution is obtained and requires only a solver for a boundary value p.oblem and its p.rtial derivatives.A Lambert solver is used for the two-body p.oblem in this *** map.ing is simp.e because the imp.lsive maneuvers and co-states share the same linear sp.ce around an op.imal *** numerical results,the direct coast-imp.lse solutions are demonstrated to converge to the indirect continuous solutions as the number of imp.lses and segments *** two-body design sp.ce is exp.ored with a set of three many-revolution,many-segment examp.es changing semimajor axis,eccentricity,and *** first two examp.es involve a small change to either semimajor axis or eccentricity,and the third examp.e is a transfer to geosynchronous *** a single p.ocessor,the op.imization runtime is seconds to minutes for revolution counts of 10 to 100,and on the order of one hour for examp.es with up.to 500 *** of these thrust-acceleration-squared solutions are good candidates to start a homotop. to a higher-fidelity minimization p.oblem with p.actical constraints.

关键词： direct op.imization indirect op.imization imp.lsive maneuvers Lambert's p.oblem two-body dynamics p.imer vectortheory