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Establishing a standard method for analysing case detection delay in leprosy using a Bayesian modelling approach

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第1期12卷 71-81页

作者： Thomas Hambridge Luc E.Coffeng Sake j.de Vlas jan Hendrik Richardus Department of Public Health Erasmus MCUniversity Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands

Background Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae and remains a source of preventable disability if left *** detection delay is an important epidemiological indicator for progress in interrupting transmission and preventing disability in a ***,no standard method exists to effectively analyse and interpret this type of *** this study,we aim to evaluate the characteristics of leprosy case detection delay data and select an appropriate model for the variability of detection delays based on the best fitting distribution *** Two sets of leprosy case detection delay data were evaluated:a cohort of 181 patients from the post exposure prophylaxis for leprosy(PEP4LEP)study in high endemic districts of Ethiopia,Mozambique,and Tanzania;and self-reported delays from 87 individuals in 8 low endemic countries collected as part of a systematic literature *** models were fit to each dataset to assess which probability distribution(log-normal,gamma or Weibull)best describes variation in observed case detection delays using leave-one-out cross-validation,and to estimate the effects of individual *** For both datasets,detection delays were best described with a log-normal distribution combined with covariates age,sex and leprosy subtype[expected log predictive density(ELPD)for the joint model:-1123.9].Patients with multibacillary(MB)leprosy experienced longer delays compared to paucibacillary(PB)leprosy,with a relative difference of 1.57[95%Bayesian credible interval(BCI):1.14-2.15].Those in the PEP4LEP cohort had 1.51(95%BCI:1.08-2.13)times longer case detection delay compared to the self-reported patient delays in the systematic *** The log-normal model presented here could be used to compare leprosy case detection delay datasets,including PEP4LEP where the primary outcome measure is reduction in case detection *** recommend the application of this modelling approach to test d

关键词： Leprosy Case detection delay Neglected tropical diseases Epidemiological methods Bayesian approach Statistical model

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Relationship between diabetes mellitus and cataract in Hungary

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International journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第5期13卷 788-793页

作者： Anita Pék Dorottya Szabó Gábor LászlóSándor Gábor Tóth András Papp Zoltán Zsolt Nagy Hans Limburg jános Németh Department of Ophthalmology Semmelweis UniversityMária u.39.Budapest 1085Hungary Department of Ophthalmology Petz Aladár HospitalVasvári Pál u.2-4.Győr 9023Hungary Health Information Services Nijenburg 32LC1613 Grootebroekthe Netherlands

AIM:To examine the coexistence of diabetes mellitus(DM)and cataract in *** effects of DM on the cataract surgical results were also in the focus of ***:Statistical data analysis of the results of the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness with Diabetic Retinopathy(RAAB+DR)module conducted in Hungary in *** cross-sectional,population-based,national survey included 3523 people aged 50 years and *** of the survey were examined *** acuity,main cause for visual impairment(using direct and indirect ophthalmoscopes),in case of best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)≤0.5 and blood glucose level(random test with glucometer)were ***:The prevalence of cataract was 23.4%,and DM was 20.0%.The occurrence of cataract steadily increased with *** the examined participants with DM,the prevalence of cataract was significantly(P=0.012)higher(+35%)than that in non-diabetic subjects(29.5%vs 21.8%).Following aging(OR=15.2%,P<0.001),DM proved to be the most independent influencing risk factor(OR=49.9%,P<0.001).The presence of DM was neither an influencing factor for complications of cataract surgery,nor for postoperative visual ***:DM appears to be one of the main risk factors for developing *** risk factors,such as age,sex and environment also play an influencing *** does not seem to affect the occurrence of cataract surgical complications.

关键词： cataract diabetes mellitus Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness

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不同膳食硒水平对甲基苄基亚硝胺(NMBzA)诱发大鼠食道上皮细胞DNA烷基化和c-myc基因表达的影响

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卫生研究 1991年第6期20卷 39-42页

作者：胡贵舟 Wild P Hall j 韩驰陈君石中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所国际癌症研究中心(IARC)癌症机理研究室

本文报道了硒对NMBzA诱发大鼠食道上皮细胞DNA加合物的形成，DNA加合物修复酶（甲基转移酶）的活性以及-cmyc的基因表达的影响，一次腹腔注射NMBzA 2.5mg/Kg体重，6小时后测定产食上皮细胞中O6－甲基脱氧鸟嘌呤核甙酸（O6－MedGua)和N7... 详细信息

本文报道了硒对NMBzA诱发大鼠食道上皮细胞DNA加合物的形成，DNA加合物修复酶（甲基转移酶）的活性以及-cmyc的基因表达的影响，一次腹腔注射NMBzA 2.5mg/Kg体重，6小时后测定产食上皮细胞中O6－甲基脱氧鸟嘌呤核甙酸（O6－MedGua)和N7－甲基脱氧鸟嘌呤核甙酸（N7－MedGua)的含量，结果表明饲料中不同硒含量对DNA加合物无明显影响；对O6－MedGua DNA甲基转移酶活性也无明显作用，给大鼠每周一次灌胃NMBzA 3mg/kg体重，共8周诱发大鼠食道上皮细胞c-myc基因表达，结果膳食缺硒（＜0．02ppm)和补硒（2ppm)对 c-myc基因表达亦无影响.

关键词：硒甲基苄基亚硝胺 DNA加合物 c-myc基因

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Population Fluctuation and Vertical Distribution of the Soybean Looper (<i>Chrysodeixis includes</i>) in Soybean Culture

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American journal of Plant Sciences 2018年第7期9卷 1544-1556页

作者： Daniele Zulin Crébio j. ávila Eunice C. Schlick-Souza Postgraduate Program in Entomology and Biodiversity Conservation Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados Doura-dos-MS Brazil Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste Dourados-MS Brazil Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso Campo Novo do Parecis-MT Brazil

The objective of this work was to study the population fluctuation and the vertical distribution of the Chrysodeixis includes (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the leaf canopy of soybeans. The experiments were conducted under field conditions in the experimental area of the Embrapa Agropecuária Oeste during the 2014/2015 harvest. Adult monitoring was performed using Delta-type traps, baited with the pest sexual pheromone. The eggs were collected in the soybean plants and the caterpillars monitored through the beat cloth. The population peaks of C. includes occurred in the reproductive period of the soybean plants, although the adults were also found in the season soybean. Although there was no significant relationship between the trapped adults and the immature forms of C. includes sampled with the beat cloth, a significant linear and positive relationship was found between the egg and caterpillar densities of the pest in the culture. Adults preferentially oviposited on the lower part of the soybean plants, while the caterpillars preferred to position themselves predominantly in the lower and mid region of the plants. However, at warmer temperatures during the day, the caterpillars migrate to the upper areas of the soybean plants.

关键词： Glycine Max Monitoring Sexual Pheromone Behavior

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Fisher's perceptions about a marine protected area over time

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2020年第5期5卷 273-281页

作者： Cristina Pita Barbara Horta e Costa Gustavo Franco Rui Coelho Inês Sousa Emanuel j.Gonçalves jorge M.S.Gonçalves Karim Erzini Department of Environment and Planning&Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies(CESAM) University of AveiroPortugal Center of Marine Sciences CCMARUniversity of AlgarveCampus de Gambelas8005-139FaroPortugal MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPAInstituto UniversitárioRua Jardim Do Tabaco 341149-041LisboaPortugal Instituto Português Do Mar a da Atmosfera IP(IPMA)-Polo OlhãoAv.5 de Outubro8700-305OlhãoPortugal

The perceptions of fishers towards the Arrábida Marine Park,a marine protected area(MPA)in the west coast of Portugal,were studied through face-to-face interviews in two different moments of the MPA life ***'perceptions about the MPA and the impact it had on the fishing activity over time were identified just before the full implementation of the zoning and regulations of the management plan and 10 years *** study aimed to investigate fishers'knowledge,acceptance and perceptions about the MPA changed with time,if support for the MPA was linked to the impact of the MPA on the fishing activity,and if fishers'perceptions about the impact of the MPA on the fishing activity match with local landings *** show that although knowledge about the marine park significantly improved over time,fishers'acceptance did not.A decrease on fishers'support was not substantial but *** such as the disagreement with regulations reinforced concerns raised during the implementation of the marine park,particularly in relation to the top-down decision-making,which commonly confers minor participation,recognition and legitimacy to ***,fisheries benefits were still not perceived by local fishers,though they are central for fishers'***,the perceived negative impacts of the park seemed to be more related to social aspects and individual interests than to impacts on *** adequate management,enforcement and participation of local fishers is still possible and are advocated here as to contribute to the expected socioecological outcomes and respective support,leading to the future successful performance of the Arrábida Marine *** fishers’perceptions towards an MPA over time is central and should be included on periodical socioecological monitoring and inform an effective adaptive management.

关键词： Arrabida Marine Park(AMP) Local fisheries Perceptions Attitudes Fishers'support Decision-making Marine protected area Changes over time

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Dynamics in the emergence of dormant and non-dormant herbaceous species from the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry forest

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journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 256-265页

作者： josé Djalma de Souza Bruno Ayron de Souza Aguiar Danielle Melo dos Santos Vanessa Kelly Rodrigues de Araujo júlia Arruda Simões juliana Ramos de Andrade Elcida de Lima Araújo Departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecifePernambucoBrazil2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-Centro Acadêmico de VitóriaPernambucoBrazil

Aims In dry tropical forests,herbaceous species may have dormancy mechanisms and form persistent and transient seed banks in the *** acquired,these mechanisms are efficient for the establishment and survival of these herbs,especially in forests with unpredictable climates,such as the ***,our objective was to verify whether the studied herbaceous species adopt the physical dormancy mechanism and how these natural barriers are overcome,to understand the temporal dynamics existing in the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry tropical *** Seeds of five native herbaceous species from the Caatinga forests were selected and submitted to pre-germinative treatments for verifying the presence of physical *** collected soil samples in the rainy and dry seasons for four consecutive years and monitored the emergence of the selected herbaceous in the *** verified the differences in germination and seed bank emergence in the soil by generalized linear *** Findings The presence and absence of physical dormancy were observed in seeds from Caatinga herbaceous *** found intraspecific and interspecific differences in the herbaceous emergence from soil seed banks between years and climatic *** perennial herbs,consecutive lack of emergence between seasons and years was frequent,which suggests a direct relationship with the mechanism of physical dormancy and the environmental conditions necessary to overcome integument *** these species,seed dimorphism and dormancy may confer additional advantages to their ***,presenting intermediate levels of physical dormancy in an annual species may be an evolutionary adjustment to rainfall *** contrast,we found that the annual herb without dormancy is more sensitive to seasonal and interannual climate changes,as evidenced by the increase and significant reduction of its emergence in the soil seed *** differences acquired evoluti

关键词： establishment herbaceous species physical dormancy seed bank seed germination semiarid

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Usher syndrome:Genetic diagnosis and current therapeutic approaches

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World journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2024年第1期11卷 1-17页

作者： Beatriz Rocha Cuzzuol jonathan Santos Apolonio Ronaldo Teixeira da Silva júnior Lorena Sousa de Carvalho Luana Kauany de SáSantos Luciano Hasimoto Malheiro Marcel Silva Luz Mariana Santos Calmon Henrique de Lima Crivellaro Fabian Fellipe Bueno Lemos Fabrício Freire de Melo Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde Universidade Federal da BahiaVitória da Conquista 45029-094BahiaBrazil

Usher Syndrome(USH)is the most common deaf-blind syndrome,affecting approximately 1 in 6000 people in the deaf *** genetic condition is characterized by a combination of hearing loss(HL),retinitis pigmentosa,and,in some cases,vestibular *** the subtypes of USH,USH type 1 is considered the most severe form,presenting profound bilateral congenital deafness,vestibular areflexia,and early onset *** type 2 is the most common form,exhibiting congenital moderate to severe HL for low frequencies and severe to profound HL for high ***,type 3 is the rarest,initially manifesting mild symptoms during childhood that become more prominent in the first decades of *** dual impact of USH on both visual and auditory senses significantly impairs patients'quality of life,restricting their daily activities and interactions with *** date,9 genes have been confirmed so far for USH:MYO7A,USH1C,CDH23,PCDH15,USH1G,USH2A,ADGRV1,WHRN and *** genes are inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and encode proteins expressed in the inner ear and retina,leading to functional *** non-genetic methods can assist in patient triage and disease extension evaluation,genetic and molecular tests play a pivotal role in providing genetic counseling,enabling appropriate gene therapy,and facilitating timely cochlear implantation(CI).The CRISPR/Cas9 system and viral-based gene replacement therapy have recently emerged as highly promising techniques for treating *** drug therapy,PTC-124 and Nb54 have been identified as promising drug interventions for genetic HL in ***,CI has proven to be critical in the restoration of *** review aims to summarize the genetic and molecular diagnosis of USH and highlight the importance of early diagnosis in Cuzzuol BR et *** and current treatments of USH WjO https://*** 2 january 19,2024 Volume 11 Issue 1 guiding appropriate treatment strategies and i

关键词： Usher syndromes Hearing loss Retinitis pigmentosa Diagnosis Genetic therapies Cochlear implantation Quality of life

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Immunoglobulin Transport during Gestation in Domestic Animals and Humans—A Review

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Open journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第5期4卷 323-336页

作者： jéssica Borghesi Lara Carolina Mario Marcio Nogueira Rodrigues Phelipe Oliveira Favaron Maria Angelica Miglino Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo S&#227o Paulo Brasil

Maternal immunity is the main early defense against infectious agents in newborns. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is indispensable for immune defense against infectious agents. IgG is transported through either the colostrum or the placenta. Immunoglobulins are antibodies, and the five different classes of these antibodies are IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE. Through their biological function of binding antigens, antibodies facilitate the removal of antigens from the body. The placenta is a temporary maternal-fetal organ, whose principal function is to allow the controlled exchange of metabolites between mother and embryo/fetus during gestation. The placenta types in different species are classified by the number of membranes separating the maternal and fetal blood circulation. Humans, lagomorphs and rodents have hemochorial placentas, which require a receptor for IgG transfer. In other animals, such as horse and pig (epitheliochorial placenta), ruminants (synepitheliochorial placenta) and carnivores (endotheliochorial placenta), antibodies are transferred via the colostrum and absorbed by passive diffusion. This review covers immunoglobulin transport in several types of placentas.

关键词： Colostrum Immunoglobulin Mammalian Fetal Membranes Placenta

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变异型心绞痛和陈旧性心肌梗死患者血浆5-羟色胺水平的比较研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2005年第12期1卷 31-32页

作者： Figueras j. Domingo E. Cortadellas j. 黄浙勇 Unitat Coron■ria Servei de Cardiologia Universitat Aut■noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain

Patients with variant angina pectoris showed greater serotonin plasma levels than did control subjects and patients with healed myocardial infarction. The levels also tended to be greater in those with >1 episode/month than in those with fewer episodes. Moreover, patients with variant angina pectoris also had greater levels of nitrite and nitrate plasma levels than did control subjects or patients with healed myocardial infarction, partly, perhaps, as a compensatory mechanism.

关键词：变异型心绞痛色胺代偿机制

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甲型肝炎

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国外医学情报 1980年第11期 187-188页

作者： j.E.Maynard

自从1973年Purcell和Feinstone从MS-1感染的志愿者粪便中第一次发现病毒颗粒后,各国相继在甲型肝炎病人粪便中也找到同样的病毒颗粒。甲型肝炎的血清学诊断方法也不断发展,目前常用的诊断方法有:补体结合(CF)、免疫粘连(IAHA)、电镜(EM... 详细信息

自从1973年Purcell和Feinstone从MS-1感染的志愿者粪便中第一次发现病毒颗粒后,各国相继在甲型肝炎病人粪便中也找到同样的病毒颗粒。甲型肝炎的血清学诊断方法也不断发展,目前常用的诊断方法有:补体结合(CF)、免疫粘连(IAHA)、电镜(EM)、免疫电镜(IEM)、放射免疫(ria),以及免疫酶(Elisa)等方法。

关键词：甲型肝炎病毒

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