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A brand new era of cancer immunotherapy: breakthroughs and challenges

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第11期134卷 1267-1275页

作者： ri-lan bai Nai-Fei Chen Ling-Yu Li Jiu-Wei Cui Cancer Center The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun 130021JilinChina.

Immunotherapy has opened a new era in cancer *** represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors have led to important breakthroughs in the treatment of various solid tumors,greatly improving the survival rate of cancer *** types of immunotherapeutic drugs have become widely available;however,their efficacy is variable,and relatively few patients with advanced cancer experience life-altering durable survival,reflecting the complex and highly regulated nature of the immune *** research field of cancer immunotherapy(CIT)still faces many challenges in pursuing the broader social goal of“curing cancer.”Increasing attention has been paid to strengthening the understanding of the molecular or cellular drivers of resistance to immunotherapy,actively exploring more effective therapeutic targets,and developing combination therapy ***,we review the key challenges that have emerged in the era of CIT and the possible solutions or development directions to overcome these difficulties,providing relevant references for basic research and the development of modified clinical treatment regimens.

关键词： Neoplasm Immunotherapy Resistance Combination therapy

Cost-effectiveness of programmed cell death ligand 1 testing and tumor mutational burden testing of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced non-small cell lung cancer

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Chinese Medical Journal 2020年第21期133卷 2630-2632页

作者： Wen-Qian Li Ling-Yu Li ri-lan bai Lei Qian Nai-Fei Chen Jiu-Wei Cui Department of Cancer Center The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin 130021China

To the Editor:Worldwide,lung cancer,particularly non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC),is the leading cause of tumor-related ***-effectiveness analysis show no economic benefits for advanced NSCLC patients over chemotherapy.[1]Furthermore,tests such as programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)and tumor mutational burden(TMB)tests,evaluated via immunohistochemical methods and next-generation sequencing,respectively,are widely used for screening potential beneficiaries of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).However,these two methods have different predictive values,making their comprehensive evaluation the focus of the current controversy.

关键词： lung cancer NSCLC

Correlation of circulating tumor DNA EGFR mutation levels with clinical outcomes in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma

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Chinese Medical Journal 2021年第20期134卷 2430-2437页

作者： Xiang-Liang Liu ri-lan bai Xiao Chen Yu-Guang Zhao Xu Wang Ke-Wei Ma Hui-Min Tian Fu-Jun Han Zi-Ling Liu Lei Yang Wei Li Fei Gai Jiu-Wei Cui Cancer Center The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin 130021China Institute of Translational Medicine The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin 130021China Amoy Diagnostics Co. LtdXiamenFujian 361000China

Background:Circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA)is a promising biomarker for non-invasive epidermal growth factor receptor mutations(EGFRm)detection in lung cancer patients,but existing methods have limitations in sensitivity and *** this study,we used theΔCt value(mutant cycle threshold[Ct]value-internal control Ct value)generated during the polymerase chain reaction(PCR)assay to convert super-amplification-refractory mutation system(superARMS)from a qualitative method to a semi-quantitative method named reformed-superARMS(R-superARMS),and evaluated its performance in detectingEGFRm in plasma ctDNA in patients with advanced lung ***:A total of 41 pairs of tissues and plasma samples were obtained from lung adenocarcinoma patients who had knownEGFRm in tumor tissue and were previously *** in ctDNA was identified by using *** making use ofΔCt value generated during the detection process of superARMS,we indirectly transform this qualitative detection method into a semi-quantitative PCR detection method,named *** qualitative and quantitative analyses of the data were ***-Meier analysis was performed to estimate the progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS).Fisher exact test was used for categorical ***:The concordance rate ofEGFRm in tumor tissues and matched plasma samples was 68.3%(28/41).At baseline,EGFRm-positive patients were divided into two groups according to the cut-offΔCt value ofEGFRm set at 8.11.A significant difference in the median OS(mOS)between the two groups was observed(EGFRmΔCt≤8.11vs.>8.11:not reachedvs.11.0 months;log-rankP=0.024).Patients were divided into mutation clearance(MC)group and mutation incomplete clearance(MIC)group according to whether theΔCt value ofEGFRm test turned negative after 1 month of *** found that there was also a significant difference in mOS(not reachedvs.10.4 months;log-rankP=0.021)between MC group and MIC ***

关键词： Lung adenocarcinoma Non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma Liquid biopsy Super-amplification-refractory mutation system EGFR mutation

Boosting bidirectional sulfur conversion enabled by introducing boron-doped atoms and phosphorus vacancies in Ni2P for lithium-sulfur batteries

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 760-769页

作者： Lin Peng Yu bai Hang Li Meixiu Qu Zhenhua Wang Kening Sun Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Chemical Power Source and Green Catalysis School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology

Lithium-sulfur （Li-S） batteries have gained great attention due to the high theoretical energy density and low cost,yet their further commercialization has been obstructed by the notorious shuttle effect and sluggish redox ***,we supply a strategy to optimize the electron structure of Ni2P by concurrently introducing B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P （Vp-B-Ni2P）,thereby enhancing the bidirectional sulfur *** study indicates that the simultaneous introduction of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P causes the redistribution of electron around Ni atoms,bringing about the upward shift of d-band center of Ni atoms and effective d-p orbital hybridization between Ni atoms and sulfur species,thus strengthening the chemical anchoring for lithium polysulfides （LiPSs） as well as expediting the bidirectional conversion kinetics of sulfur ***,theoretical calculations reveal that the incorporation of B-doped atoms and P vacancies in Ni2P selectively promotes Li2S dissolution and nucleation ***,the Li-S batteries with Vp-B-Ni2P-separators present outstanding rate ability of 777 m A h g-1at 5 C and high areal capacity of 8.03 mA h cm-2under E/S of 5μL mg-1and sulfur loading of 7.20 mg *** work elucidates that introducing heteroatom and vacancy in metal phosphide collaboratively regulates the electron structure to accelerate bidirectional sulfur conversion.

关键词： Lithium sulfur batteries

NIR photothermal enhancement to achieve high-efficiency nitrogen reduction to ammonia by polyoxometalates@Fe-polydopamine

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 118-128页

作者： Xiaofei Chen Lixin Wu Feng bai Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education National&Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-Efficiency Display and Lighting TechnologySchool of Nanoscience and Materials EngineeringHenan UniversityKaifeng 475004China State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of ChemistryJilin UniversityChangchun 130012China

The development of atmospheric pressure N_(2)reduction to NH_(3)is attracting much attention in green chemistry,yet it is still a challenge to obtain satisfactory activity under mild ***,an efficient near-infrared(NIR)photothermal catalysis reduction of N_(2)constitutes an occurrence is *** or without V-substitute polyoxometalates(POMs)loaded on the surface of Fechelated polydopamine(Fe-PDA)photothermal support through the electrostatic interactions,NIR photothermal catalysts POMs@Fe-PDA are *** induction of“FeV”cofactor facilitates electron transfer between V(V)/V(IV)&Fe(III)/Fe(II)and N_(2),thereby activating N_(2)*** synergy between the catalytic activity of V-POMs and the local NIR photothermal effect of Fe-PDA dramatically enhances N_(2)***,PMo_(10)V_(2)@Fe-PDA exhibits a significantly enhanced NH_(3)production rate of 181.1μmol·LN^(-1)with a turnover frequency of 1006.1 mmol·MN^(-1)·hN^(-1)under 808 nm NIR laser radiation,being the highest values reported at atmospheric *** expect that this work could provide an alternative approach for photothermal catalysis N_(2)reduction under mild conditions.

关键词： polyoxometalate near-infrared photothermal catalysis N_(2)reduction mild condition

Synergistic effect of bonding heterogeneity and phonon localization in introducing excellent thermoelectric properties in layered heteroanionic NdZnSbO material

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第1期100卷 259-272页

作者： Da Wan Shuwei Tang Shulin bai Xiaodong Li Peng Ai Wanrong Guo Tuo Zheng College of Materials Science and Engineering Liaoning Technical University Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University

Layered rare-earth metal oxides, harnessing the dual properties of oxides and two-dimensional layered materials, exhibit remarkable thermal stability and quantum confinement effects. Therefore, this work adopts the first-principles calculation combined with the Boltzmann transport theory to predict the thermoelectric properties of NdZnSbO compound. The coexistence of weak interlayer van der Waals interactions, robust intralayer ionic bonding, and partial covalent bonding leads to remarkable bonding heterogeneity, which engenders pronounced phonon scattering and imposes constraints on thermal transport along the out-of-plane direction. The weakened chemical bonds induced by the antibonding states, together with the rattling-like behavior of the Zn atom, culminate in the profound anharmonicity in the layered NdZnSbO compound. The weakening bond and heavy element contribute to the softness of phonon modes, which significantly diminishes the phonon group velocity. The redistribution-dominated four-phonon scattering process spans a large optical gap, which effectively reduces the lattice thermal conductivity. The NdZnSbO compound exhibits direct semiconductor characteristic with a bandgap of 0.73 e V by adopting the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof(HSE06) functional in combination with spin–orbit coupling(SOC) effect. The multi-valley feature of NdZnSbO compound augur favorably for band degeneracy, thus amplifying the power factor. Consequently, an optimal figure-of-merit(ZT) of 3.40 at 900 K is achieved for the n-type NdZnSbO compound. The present study delves deeply insights into the origins for the low thermal conductivity of NdZnSbO compound and proposes an optimization scheme to enhance overall thermoelectric performance.

关键词： Bond strength (chemical)

New exploration on pathogenesis and early diagnosis of gestational diabetes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 1-5页

作者： Hua bai Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityDuyun 558099Guizhou ProvinceChina

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)refers to varying degrees of abnormal glucose metabolism that occur during pregnancy and excludes patients pre-viously diagnosed with *** is a unique among the four subtypes of diabetes classified by the international World Health Organization *** GDM patients constitute a small proportion of the total number of diabetes cases,the incidence of GDM has risen significantly over the past decade,posing substantial risk to pregnant women and ***,it warrants considerable *** pathogenesis of GDM is generally considered to resemble that of type II diabetes,though it may have distinct *** blood biochemical proteins in the context of GDM can help elucidate its pathogenesis,thereby facilitating more effective prevention and management *** article reviews this critical clinical issue to enhance the medical community's sufficient understanding of GDM.

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Pathogenesis Proteomics RBP4 ANGPTL8

Searching for new drugs to treat Alzheimer’s disease dementia through multiple pathways

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 22-28页

作者： Hua bai Xiao-Feng Feng Department of Neurology The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical UniversityDuyun 558099Guizhou ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Wulong Branch of the People's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing UniversityWulong 408500ChongqingChina Department of Neurology Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550004Guizhou ProvinceChina

Dementia is a group of diseases,including Alzheimer's disease(AD),vascular dementia,Lewy body dementia,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson's disease dementia,metabolic dementia and toxic *** treatment of dementia mainly includes symptomatic treatment by controlling the primary disease and accompanying symptoms,nutritional support therapy for repairing nerve cells,psychological auxiliary treatment,and treatment that improves cognitive function through *** them,drug therapy to improve cognitive function is *** review focuses on introducing and commenting on some recent progress in exploring drugs to improve cognitive function,especially the new progress in drug treatment for *** mainly discuss the opportunities and challenges in finding and developing new therapeutic drugs from the aspects of acetylcholinesterase,N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor,amyloid protein,tau protein and chronic immune inflammation.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Dementia Cholinesterase inhibitor Beta amyloid Tau protein

Brain region-specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress-induced depressive-like behavior

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 159-173页

作者： Man Han Deyang Zeng Wei Tan Xingxing Chen Shuyuan bai Qiong Wu Yushan Chen Zhen Wei Yufei Mei Yan Zeng Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology WuhanHubei ProvinceChina School of Public Health Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceChina

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral *** studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and *** how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress *** this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of *** focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine *** determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic ***,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.

关键词： amygdala chronic mild stress chronic social defeat stress corticolimbic system depression hippocampus medial prefrontal cortex nucleus accumbens social stress models ventral tegmental area