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Microcracking Behaviour of a TiAl-base Alloy with Different Microstructures during Compression

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 1998年第5期14卷 415-418页

作者： Zhang, WJ Chen, gl Evangelista, E Francesconi, l Univ Sci & Technol Beijing State Key Lab Adv Met & Mat Beijing 100083 Peoples R China Univ Ancona Dept Mech I-60131 Ancona Italy

The microcracking behaviour of TiAl-based alloys with the duplex and fully-lamellar microstructures was studied during compression. It was found that the fracture involves propagation of the existing microcracks and development of more new nuclei, instead of being a nucleation-controlled event. The lamellar interfaces, especially those having an angle of about 0 similar to 30 degrees C to the loading axis, were found to be the favourable nucleation sites. Microcrack nucleation is likely to be initiated by tensile normal stress concentrated on the lamellar interfaces.

关键词： Titanium alloys

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Psychoactive Substance Misuse among Heavy Goods Vehicle Drivers in Cotonou, Benin

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第4期13卷 260-275页

作者： Yolaine glèlè-ahanhanzo Nouriat Mohammed Donatien Daddah Nicolas Gaffan lamidhi Salami Alphonse Kpozehouen Multidisciplinary Research Unity for Road Crashes Prevention (ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Regional Direction of Health Mono Lokossa Benin Regional Direction of Health Zou Abomey Benin Policies and Health Systems Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin

Introduction: In Benin, Heavy Goods Vehicle (HGV) drivers play an essential role in the logistics chain, facilitating the transportation of goods within the country or between other countries in the sub-region. HGV drivers are professionals who experience adverse working conditions, exposing them to risky behaviours, including Psychoactive Substance (PAS) misuse, leading to particularly severe road accidents. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PAS misuse among HGV drivers and identify associated factors in Cotonou, Benin. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey involving HGV drivers at parking areas in Cotonou from 26 March to 10 April 2023. The dependent variable was the PAS misuse by HGV drivers, and the independent variables were related to their socio-demographic characteristics, health status and lifestyle habits, and professional characteristics. Data analysis involved determining the prevalence of PAS misuse with a 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI). Subsequently, we identified factors associated with PAS misuse among the participants using multivariate logistic regression. We presented the final regression results as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% CI. Results: The study included 425 HGV drivers. Among them, 53 (12.47%, 95% CI = 9.64 - 15.98) were misusing PAS. Compared to drivers aged 35 and older, those aged under 25 (aOR = 10.67, 95% CI = 3.56 - 32.03) and those aged 25 to 34 (aOR = 3.47, 95% CI = 1.37 - 8.82) had higher odds of PAS misuse. Drivers with a primary education were less likely (aOR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.19 - 0.97) to misuse PAS than those with no formal education. Drivers suffering from cardiovascular diseases were also three times more likely (aOR = 3.08, 95% CI = 1.08 - 8.81) to misuse PAS than others. The odds of PAS misuse were also higher among drivers who reported taking breaks than those claiming not to (aOR = 3.11, 95% CI = 1.57 - 6.18). Conclusion: Driving under the influence of PAS is a risk factor f

关键词： Transportation Alcohol Psychoactive Substance Driver Professional Benin

Exploring the Factors Associated with 12-Month Non-Return to Work among Motorcyclists Involved in Road Accidents

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 1-16页

作者： Yolaine glèlè-ahanhanzo Donatien Daddah Alphonse Kpozehouen Bella Hounkpè Dos Santos Moussiliou N. Paraiso Multidisciplinary Research Unity for Road Crashes Prevention (ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Regional Direction of Health Lokossa Benin Regional Direction of Health Abomey-Calavi Benin Health Promotion Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin

Introduction: Motorcyclists bear a disproportionate burden of morbidity and mortality from road accidents. In addition, the consequences of these accidents affect the ability of victims to return to work. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with non-return to work among surviving motorcyclists involved in road accidents 12 months after the event. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted using data from a cohort of motorcyclists involved in accidents and recruited in five hospitals in Benin from July 2019 to January 2020. The dependent variable was non-return to work 12 months after the accident (yes vs no). The independent variables were categorized into two groups: baseline and 12-month follow-up variables. logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with non-return to work at 12 months among the participants. Results: Among the 362 participants, 55 (15.19%, 95% CI = 11.84 - 19.29) had not returned to work 12 months after the accident. Risk factors for non-return to work identified were: smoking (aOR = 4.41, 95% CI = 1.44 - 13.56, p = 0.010), hospitalization (aOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.14 - 7.24, p Conclusion: The prevalence of non-return to work at 12 months was high among surviving motorcyclists involved in road accidents in Benin. Integrated support for patients based on identified risk factors should effectively improve their return to work.

关键词： Road Accident Return to Work Motorcyclists Hospital Mental Health Cohort Benin

Quo vadis carbocatalysis?

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第10期30卷 219-227,I0007页

作者： Robert Schlögl Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstr.34-3645470 Mülheim an der RuhrGermany Fritz-Haber Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-614195 BerlinGermany

Prologue The rich scientific heritage of Dangsheng Su contains as substantial fraction his contributions to the field of catalysis with nanostructured carbon *** from microstructural analysis it became quickly clear that the richness of morphological and hence surface electronic variations in this class of materials should be suitable for the development of a science base for heterogeneous catalysis.

关键词： materials. catalysis. catalysis

Disability to Admit as a Change of life after a Road Crash: Estimates and Related Factors in Benin for Prevention

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2023年第1期13卷 83-96页

作者： Yolaine glèlè-ahanhanzo Alphonse Kpozèhouen Donatien Daddah Bella Hounkpè-Dos Santos lamidhi Salami Moussiliou Noël Paraïso Multidisciplinary Research Unity for Road Crashes Prevention (ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Regional Direction of Health Mono Lokossa Benin Regional Direction of Health Atlantic Abomey-Calavi Benin Policies and Health Systems Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin Department of Health Promotion Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Background: Disability is an underestimated issue in public health, with road crashes as leading cause. In Africa, motorcyclists disproportionately bear the burden of road crash injuries, including disability. To contribute to decision-making for disability prevention, this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with disability at 12 months among motorcyclists involved in road crashes in Benin. Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional, analytical study based on 12-month follow-up data from a cohort of road crash victims set up in five hospitals in Benin. Data were collected from November 2020 to January 2021. Sample used for this analysis size was 297 motorcyclists. Disability was assessed using the Washington Group on Disabilities Statistics question set. logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for disability in victims 12 months after the crash. Results: The prevalence of disability was 12.5% 95% CI (9.2 - 16.7). Disability occurrence was associated with being over 45 years old (OR = 3.1;95% CI = 1.5 - 6.6), severity of initial injury (OR = 3.3;95% CI = 1.5 - 7.3) and hospitalisation of the victim (OR = 6.9;95% CI = 2.0 - 24). Conclusion: Age over 45 years, severity of initial injuries and hospitalisation of the victim were risk factors for the occurrence of disability among motorcyclists who were victims of road crashes in Benin. User awareness, law enforcement, holistic and early management of road crash victims could contribute to reducing the prevalence of disability among victims in Benin.

关键词： Disability Motorcyclists Road Traffic Accident

Beginning from the end:the presynaptic terminal as a pathomechanism hub in frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3217-3218页

作者： laura Huggon Emma l.Clayton UK Dementia Research Institute at King’s College london LondonUK Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience Institute of Psychiatry Psychology&NeuroscienceKing’s College LondonLondonUK

Frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:Frontotemporal dementia(F T D)and amyo t rophic lateral sclerosis(AlS)are neurodegenerative diseases with significant overlapping *** these neurodegenerative diseases affect different neuronal populations(with FTD affecting neurons of the frontal and temporal lobes,and AlS affecting upper and lower motor neurons),these two diseases are complexly *** and AlS exist on a disease spectrum,with shared genetic causes,clinical presentations,and pathologies.

关键词： diseases amyotrophic sclerosis

Key Road Injury Prevention Interventions and Their Effectiveness in Africa: Conclusions and What Can Be Done Better

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2023年第11期13卷 296-318页

作者： Yolaine glèlè-ahanhanzo Bella Hounkpè Dos Santos Alphonse Kpozehouen Donatien Daddah Moussiliou N. Paraiso Alain leveque Multidisciplinary Research Unity for Road Crashes Prevention (ReMPARt) Department of Epidemiology and Bio-Statistics Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin Regional Direction of Health Atlantique Abomey-Calavi Benin Regional Direction of Health Couffo Lokossa Benin Health Promotion Department Regional Institute of Public Health Ouidah Benin School of Public Health Universite Libre de Bruxelles Brussels Belgium

Introduction: This study aimed to identify road safety interventions implemented in Africa and to analyze their effectiveness in reducing road crashes, injuries, disabilities and deaths. Materials and Methods: This is a systematic review including articles relating to the evaluation of road safety interventions implemented in Africa that were searched on electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, lissa, Google Scholar, and African Journals Online. Selection of articles and data extraction was conducted by two pairs of reviewers. Data quality was checked according to the type of study. A qualitative analysis of the data was carried out and a narrative approach was adopted to describe and synthesize the results. Results: A total of twenty-nine articles were selected including one cross-sectional study, seven time series, twenty-one quasi-experimental studies of which six randomised and fifteen non-randomised studies. The type of interventions evaluated was aimed at all types of users and was based on different interventions such as institutional strengthening, law enforcement, awareness raising, training or user education, vehicle maintenance and infrastructure improvements. For fourteen studies all the expected indicators had changed favourably and for twelve the indicators had partially changed. The studies that showed significant change were institutional strengthening, law enforcement, awareness raising, training, or user education interventions, development of Uber transport services, distribution of equipment, and a combination of interventions. Conclusion: This situation is indicative of insufficient policy investment in research but also in the field of road safety in general.

关键词： Road Safety Effectiveness Prevention Africa

Tree-ring:a suitable implement for spatial and temporal fire distribution analysis in savanna woodland and dry forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2015年第2期26卷 435-446页

作者： Franck Sinsin Romain glèlèKaka? Bettina Orthmann Brice Sinsin laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBénin laboratory of Biomathematics and Forest Estimations Faculté des Sciences AgronomiquesUniversité d’Abomey-Calavi03 BP 1974 CotonouBénin Institute of Biosciences University of Rostock

Based on 120 stem discs collected during3 months of fieldwork along a 12 km route,the history of fires in the Wari Maro Forest（09 1000 N–02 1000E） over the past century in savanna woodland and dry forest was *** major ecological areas are characterized：one highly burnt zone located between two relative less burnt *** analyzing tree rings,246 fire scars were *** scars were caused by 51 fire years,occurring at a mean interval of 2.23 *** 1890 to1965,only 6 years with fires were recorded from sampled *** 1966,no year has passed without *** fire frequency point scale reached 14 *** was the case of Burkea africana,which has been identified as a species tolerant to fire and could be planted to create a natural *** contrast,Anogeissus leiocarpa is highly sensitive to fire,and in a dry forest ecosystem that burns seasonally,it requires a special conservation *** new concepts are described：the rebarking of trees after fire and Mean Kilometer Fire *** first concept was tested with Daniellia oliveri（Rolfe） Hutch ＆ Dalz trees,and the second concept was used to evaluate spatial fire *** demonstrate that savanna woodland and dry forest were subject to a degradation process caused by destructive fires related to vegetation cover clearance and illegal logging.

关键词： Fire ecology Tree-rings Savanna woodland Dry forest Conservation strategies

Evaluation of the Quality of Hospital-Based Management of Severe Acute Malnutrition in Children under 5 in Benin

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第11期8卷 1012-1021页

作者： Tchasso Serge Kenao Charles Sossa Jerome Yolaine glèlè ahanhanzo Ghislain Emmanuel Sopoh Patrick Makoutodé Victoire Damienne Agueh Département de Promotion de la Santé Institut Régional de Santé Publique Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Bénin Département d’épidémiologie et de Biostatistique Institut Régional de Santé Publique Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Bénin Département de Santé et Environnement Institut Régional de Santé Publique Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Bénin Département de Politique et Système de Santé Institut Régional de Santé Publique Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey Calavi Bénin

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition in the Mono Departmental Hospital Center (CHD) in Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and evaluative study which took place from 03 February to 20 July 2016. The study was carried out in the mono departmental hospital of lokossa. The non-probabilistic sampling method was used to select all our study materials and all our targets were systematically selected. Our study materials involved observation checklist, guidelines documents and questionnaires to collect data. The assessment of the quality of the hospital management of severe acute malnutrition was based on national and international standards like Benin’s national protocol of acute malnutrition management. Results: In our study, 27 cases of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children were considered. The median age of those children was 12 months. The rates of the components inputs, process and results were 25% (poor), 58.33% (acceptable) and 40% (poor), respectively. The sub components with respect to the norms were all related to the management of severe acute malnutrition like, availability of therapeutic foods ready for use, availability of management protocol, availability of trained and supervised staff in the management of the severe acute malnutrition and the proportion of dead and cured children. The study showed that the quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition at the mono departmental hospital of lokossa was poor with a rate of 41.38%. Conclusion: The quality of the management of severe acute malnutrition at the mono departmental hospital of lokossa was poor. The sub components that need to improve were the availability of therapeutic foods ready for use, availability of management protocol, along with the training and supervision of staff in charge of the management of severe acute malnutrition.

关键词： Evaluation Severe Acute Malnutrition Benin