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Cr.tical size limit of biodegr.dable nanopar.ides for.enhanced lymph node tr.fficking and par.cor.ex penetr.tion

Nano r.sear.h 2019年第4期12卷 837-844页

作者： Gr.gor. P. Howar. Gar.ma Ver.a Xiyu Ke Winter.M. Thayer.Timothy Hamer.y Victor.a K. Baxter.John E. Lee rhoel r. dinglasan Hai-Quan Mao Depar.ment of Biomedical Engineer.ng Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21218 USA Institute for.NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 2121 & USA W. Har.y Feinstone Depar.ment of Molecular.Micr.biology & Immunology and the Malaria Research Institute Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD 21205 USA Emer.ing Pathogens Institute Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology College of Veterinary Medicine University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA Depar.ment of Mater.als Science and Engineer.ng Whiting School of Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA Johns Hopkins School of Nur.ing Baltimore MD 21205 USA Depar.ment of Molecular.and Compar.tive Pathobiology Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA Depar.ment of Biomedical Engineer.ng Yale University New Haven CT 06520 USA Tr.nslational Tissue Engineer.ng Center Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21231 USA

Lymph node (LN) tar.eti ng thr.ugh inter.titial dr.in age of nan opar.icles (NPs) is an attr.ctive str.tegy to stimulate a pote nt immune r.spo nse, as LNs ar. the pr.mar. site for.lymphocyte pr.ming by antigen pr.senting cells (APCs) and tr.gger.ng of an adaptive immune r.sponse. NP size has been shown to influence the efficiency of LN-tar.eting and r.tention after.subcutaneous injection. For.clinical tr.nslation, biodegr.dable NPs ar. pr.fer.ed as car.ier.for.vaccine deliver.. However. the selective "size gateM for.effective LN-dr.inage, par.icular.y the kinetics of LN tr.fficking, is less well defined. This is par.ly due to the challenge in gener.ting size-contr.lled NPs fr.m biodegr.dable polymer. in the sub-100-nm r.nge. Her., we r.por. the pr.par.tion of thr.e sets of poly(lactic-co-glycolic)-b-poly(ethylene-glycol)(PLGA-b-PEG) NPs with number.aver.ge diameter. of 20-, 40-, and 100-nm and nar.ow size distr.butions using flash nanopr.cipitation. Using NPs labeled with a near.infr.r.d dye, we showed that 20-nm NPs dr.in r.pidly acr.ss pr.ximal and distal LNs following subcutaneous inoculation in mice and ar. r.tai ned in LNs mor. effectively than NPs with a nu mber.aver.ge diameter.of 40-nm. The dr.in age of 100-nm NPs was n egligible. Fur.her.or., the 20-nm NPs showed the highest degr.e of penetr.tion ar.und the par.cor.ex r.gion and had enhanced access to dendr.tic cells in the LNs. Together. these data confir.ed that small, size-contr.lled PLGA-b-PEG NPs at the lower.thr.shold of about 30-nm ar. most effective for.LN tr.fficking, r.tention, and APC uptake after.s.c. administr.tion. This r.por. could infor. the design of LN-tar.eted NP car.ier.for.the deliver. of ther.peutic or.pr.phylactic vaccines.

关键词： biodegr.dable nano par.icle lymph node tr.fficking vaccine deliver. nanopar.icle size an tigen pr.senting cells in vivo imaging

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Speed ver.alization to acceler.te gener.tion advance in winter.cer.al cr.ps

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Molecular.Plant 2022年第8期15卷 1300-1309页

作者： Jin-Kyung Cha Kathr.n O'Connor.Samir.Alahmad Jong-Hee Lee Er.c dinglasan Hyeonjin Par. So-Myeong Lee Dominique Hir.z Soon-Wook Kwon Youngho Kwon Kyeong-Min Kim Jong-Min Ko Lee T.Hickey Dongjin Shin Laur. E.Dixon National Institute of Cr.p Science RDAMiryang 50424Korea School of Biology Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK Queensland Alliance for.Agr.cultur. and Food Innovation The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLDAustralia Depar.ment of Plant Bioscience Pusan National UniversityMiryang 60463Korea

Ther. ar. many challenges facing the development of high-yielding,nutr.tious cr.ps for.futur. *** limiting factor.is gener.tion time,which pr.longs r.sear.h and plant br.eding *** advances in speed br.eding pr.tocols have dr.matically r.duced gener.tion time for.many shor.-day and long-day species by optimizing lightand temper.tur. conditions dur.ng plant ***,winter.cr.ps with a ver.alization r.quir.ment stillr.quir. upto 6-10weeks in low-temper.tur. conditions befor. thetr.nsition to ***,we tested a suite of envir.nmental conditions and pr.tocols to investigate whether.the ver.alization pr.cess can be *** identified a ver.alization method consisting of exposing seeds at the soil sur.ace to an extended photoper.od of 22 h day:2 h night at 10°C with tr.nsfer.to speed br.eding conditions that dr.matically r.duces gener.tion time in both winter.wheat(Tr.ticum aestivum)and winter.bar.ey(Hor.eum vulgar.).Implementation of the speedver.alization pr.tocolfollowed byspeedbr.edingallowed the completion ofuptofivegener.tions per.year.or.inter.wheat or.bar.ey,wher.as only two gener.tions can be typically completed under.standar. ver.alization and plant gr.wth *** speed ver.alization pr.tocol developed in this study has gr.at potential to acceler.te biological r.sear.h and br.eding outcomes for.winter.cr.ps.

关键词： speed br.eding photoper.od temper.tur. wheat bar.ey br.eding

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