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Functional Electrical stimulation of Peroneal Muscles on Balance in Healthy Females

Cyborg and Bionic systems 2021年第1期2021卷 79-86页

作者： Zoe A.Bamber Wei sun rhea s.menon Patrick C.Wheeler Ian D.swain Daniel T.P.Fong National Centre for sport and Exercise Medicine School of SportExercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK Division of Orthopaedics Trauma and Sports MedicineSchool of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK shandong sport University JinanShandongChina Department of sport and Exercise Medicine University Hospitals of Leicester NHS TrustLeicesterUK The Faculty of science and Technology Bournemouth UniversityPooleDorsetUK

Balance improvement could contribute to ankle stability for the prevention of ankle *** electrical stimulation(FEs)is an effective way of augmenting muscle activity and improving *** study investigated the effect of FEs of peroneal muscles on single-and double-leg *** healthy females(age=23:1±1:6 years,height=1:63±0:07m,and weight=63:7±9:9 kg)performed single-and double-leg standing balance tests with eyes open and closed before and after 15-minute FEs intervention during treadmill running at a comfortable,self-selected *** of peroneal muscles was provided bilaterally,using an Odstock Dropped Foot *** total excursion of the centre of pressure(COP)was calculated to assess the standing balance control *** total excursion of COP in single-and double-leg stance with eyes open reduced significantly after FEs intervention by 14.7%(ps-closed condition exhibited a 12.7%(p=0:002)reduction in single-leg stance but did not significantly change in double-leg stance(p>0:05).Limb preference did not account for balance *** significant difference in total excursion of COP was found between preferred and less preferred limbs with both visual conditions(p>0:05).FEs of peroneal muscles improved standing balance control with eyes open in double-leg and single-leg stance and with eyes closed in double-leg *** improvements in balance control with FEs treatment did not vary concerning limb preference.

关键词： prevention stimulation Functional

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Validation of Foreground Emission Model using GALEX Medium Observations

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2023年第6期23卷 228-237页

作者： Nimmi Narayanan shivashankar s.menon N.V.sujatha Department of Physics St.Xavier's College for WomenAluva 683101India Department of Physics Sree Sankara CollegeKaladyErnakulam 683574India CsIs BITS Pilani K.K.Birla Goa CampusZuarinagarGoa 403726India

The study of diffuse ultraviolet(UV)background radiation is vital in the investigation of stellar and galactic ***-based UV observations are comprised of both foreground and background *** foreground emission in an observation is a result of solar contamination in the direction of *** our previous work,we modeled airglow(one of the major constituents of the foreground emission)as a function of10.7 cm solar Flux and sun Angle with great accuracy using GALEX deep *** adopt a similar methodology to validate the obtained model and run equivalent experiments here using far-UV(FUV)and nearUV(NUV)GALEX medium imaging surveys(MIs)with a total exposure time greater than 3300 *** obtained a predictive model having excellent compatibility with the earlier *** analysis shows that the total foreground emission varies between 59 and 295 photon units in FUV whereas in NUV,it varies between 671 and1195 photon units depending upon the date and time of *** also noticed a strong correlation between the background emission and optical depth both in FUV and NUV,especially in the low density *** clearly indicates that the major contributor in diffuse background radiation is the starlight scattered by interstellar dust grains.

关键词： instrumentation:detectors sun:activity ultraviolet:IsM atmospheric effects

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Diffusive light tomography

Diffusive light tomography

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2004年全国强场激光物理会议

作者： M．Narter s.menon R.Grobe Intense Laser Physics Theory Unit Illinois state University Intense Laser Physics Theory Unit Illinois state University Intense Laser Physics Theory Unit Illinois state University

＜正＞OVERVIEW Why use diffusive light tomography （DLT） drawbacks with current technology advantages with DLT Difficulty with light scattering in random media how to describe the interaction microscopic: Maxwell macroscopic: Boltzmann Difficulty in imaging how good is the diffusion approximation imaging with photon density waves Experimental challenges enhanced quality due to mirrors dark-cone effect

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LEssER KNOWN MIRACLEs OF BURGERs EQUATION

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Acta Mathematica scientia 2012年第1期32卷 281-294页

作者： Govind menon Division of Applied Mathematics Box FBrown University

This article is a short introduction to the surprising appearance of Burgers equation in some basic probabilistic models.

关键词： Burgers equation random matrix theory kinetic theory Dyson's Brownianmotion Kerov's kinetic equation shock clustering integrable systems

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Enhanced Compliant Adhesive Design and Fabrication with Dual-Level Hierarchical structure

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2010年第3期7卷 228-234页

作者： Dan sameoto Carlo menon Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Alberta MENRVA Lab School of Engineering ScienceSimon Fraser University

synthetic dry adhesives inspired by the nano-and micro-scale hairs found on the feet of geckos and some spiders have beendeveloped for almost a decade. Elastomeric single level micro-scale mushroom shaped fibres are currently able to function evenbetter than natural dry adhesives on smooth surfaces under normal loading. However, the adhesion of these single level syntheticdry adhesives on rough surfaces is still not optimal because of the reduced contact surface area. In nature, contact area ismaximized by hierarchically structuring different scales of fibres capable of conforming surface roughness. In this paper, weadapt the nature’s solution arid propose a novel dual-level hierarchical adhesive design using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMs),which is tested under peel loading at different orientations. A negative macro-scale mold is manufactured by using a laser cutterto define holes in a Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) plate. After casting PDMs macro-scale fibres by using the obtainedPMMA mold, a previously prepared micro-fibre adhesive is bonded to the macro-scale fibre substrate. Once the bondingpolymer is cured, the micro-fibre adhesive is cut to form macro scale mushroom caps. Each macro-fibre of the resulting hierarchicaladhesive is able to conform to loads applied in different directions. The dual-level structure enhances the peel strengthon smooth surfaces compared to a single-level dry adhesive, but also weakens the shear strength of the adhesive for a given areain contact. The adhesive appears to be very performance sensitive to the specific size of the fibre tips, and experiments indicatethat designing hierarchical structures is not as simple as placing multiple scales of fibres on top of one another, but can requiresignificant design optimization to enhance the contact mechanics and adhesion strength.

关键词： biomimetics dry adhesive hierarchical dual-level adhesive silicone polymer

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Multi-scale Compliant Foot Designs and Fabrication for Use with a spider-Inspired Climbing Robot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2008年第3期5卷 189-196页

作者： Dan sameoto Carlo menon MENRVA Group School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada

Climbing robots are of potential use for surveillance, inspection and exploration in different environments. In particular, the use of climbing robots for space exploration can allow scientists to explore environments too challenging for traditional wheeled designs. To adhere to surfaces, biomimetic dry adhesives based on gecko feet have been proposed. These biomimetic dry adhesives work by using multi-scale compliant mechanisms to make intimate contact with different surfaces and adhere by using Van der Waals forces. Fabrication of these adhesives has frequently been challenging however, due to the difficulty in combining macro, micro and nanoscale compliance. We present an all polymer foot design for use with a hexapod climbing robot and a fabrication method to improve reliability and yield. A high strength, low-modulus silicone, TC-5005, is used to form the foot base and microscale fibres in one piece by using a two part mold. A macroscale foot design is produced using a 3D printer to produce a base mold, while lithographic definition of microscale fibres in a thick photoresist forms the ＇hairs＇ of the polymer foot. The adhesion of the silicone fibres by themselves or attached to the macro foot is examined to determine best strategies for placement and removal of feet to maximize adhesion. Results demonstrate the successful integration of micro and macro compliant feet for use in climbing on a variety of surfaces.

关键词： biomimetics dry adhesive gecko climbing robot MEMs silicone

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Calibration of a hysteretic model for glass fiber reinforced gypsum wall panels

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第2期13卷 347-355页

作者： Maganti Janardhana Robin Davis P s.s.Ravichandran A.M.Prasad D.menon JNTUH College of Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela India Leslie E.Robertson Associates Consulting Engineers (India) Pvt.Ltd Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Glass fi ber reinforced gypsum(GFRG) wall panels are prefabricated panels with hollow cores, originally developed in Australia and subsequently adopted by India and China for use in buildings. This paper discusses identifi cation and calibration of a suitable hysteretic model for GFRG wall panels fi lled with reinforced concrete. As considerable pinching was observed in the experimental results, a suitable hysteretic model with pinched hysteretic rule is used to conduct a series of quasi-static as inelastic hysteretic response analyses of GFRG panels with two different widths. The calibration of the pinching model parameters was carried out to approximately match the simulated and experimental responses up to 80% of the peak load in the post peak region. Interestingly, the same values of various parameters(energy dissipation and pinching related parameters) were obtained for all fi ve test specimens.

关键词： glass fi ber reinforced gypsum walls hysteretic model pinching model

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DEM Numerical simulation of Abrasive Wear Characteristics of a Bioinspired Ridged surface

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2010年第2期7卷 175-181页

作者： Mohammad Almagzoub Mohammad Carlo menon Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering Jilin University College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering Jilin University MENRVA Group Simon Fraser University

This paper presents numerical investigations into a ridged surface whose design is inspired by the geometry of a Farrer’*** objective of the performed research is to assess if the proposed Bioinspired Ridged surface (BRs) can potentiallyimprove wear resistance of soil-engaging components used in agricultural machinery and to validate numerical simulationsperformed using software based on the Discrete Element Method (DEM).The wear performance of the BRs is experimentallydetermined and also compared with a conventional flat *** size of soil particles and relative velocities between theabrasive sand and the testing surfaces are *** results show that the numerical simulations are in agreement withthe experimental results and support the hypothesis that abrasive wear is greatly reduced by substituting a conventional flatsurface with the BRs.

关键词： bioinspired ridged surface abrasive wear numerical simulation Discrete Element Method (DEM)

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Performance of Forearm FMG and sEMG for Estimating Elbow, Forearm and Wrist Positions

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第2期14卷 284-295页

作者： Zhen Gang Xiao Carlo menon Menrva Research Group Schools of Mechatronic Systems Engineering and Engineering Science Simon Fraser University British Columbia V3T0A3 Canada

The ability to track upper extremity movement during activity of daily living has the potential to facilitate the recovery of individuals with neurological or physical injuries. Hence, the use of surface Electromyography （sEMG） signals to predict upper extremity movement is an area of interest in the research community. A less established technique, Force Myography （FMG）, which uses force sensors to detect forearm muscle contraction patterns, is also able to detect some movements of the arm. This paper investigates the comparative performance of sEMG and FMG when predicting wrist, forearm and elbow positions using signals extracted from the forearm only. support Vector Machine （sVM） and Linear Discriminant Analysis （LDA） classifiers were used to evaluate the prediction performance of both FMG and sEMG data. Ten healthy volunteers participated in this study. Under a cross validation across a repetition evaluation scheme, the sVM classifier obtained averaged accuracies of 84.3%, 82.4% and 71.0%, respectively, for predicting elbow, forearm and wrist positions using FMG; while sEMG yielded 75.4%, 83.4% and 92.4% accuracies for predicting the same respective positions. The accuracies obtained using sVM are slightly, but statistical significantly, higher than the ones obtained using LDA. However, the trends on the classification performances between FMG and sEMG are consistent. These results also indicate that the forearm FMG pattern is highly influenced by the change of elbow position, while the forearm sEMG is less subjected to the change. Overall, both forearm FMG and sEMG techniques provide abundant information that can be utilized for tracking the upper extremity movements.

关键词： surface Electromyography (sEMG) Force Myography (FMG) classification limb movement activity monitoring,upper extremity

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Fabrication and Testing of self Cleaning Dry Adhesives Utilizing Hydrophobicity Gradient

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2015年第2期12卷 270-275页

作者： Enrico Bovcro Jeffrey Krahn Carlo menon MENRVA Lab School of Engineering Science Simon Fraser University 8888 University Drive Burnaby BC Canada V5A 1S6

In this paper we present a method to create a hydrophobicity gradient on the surface of a Polydimethylsiloxane （PDMs） dry adhesive. The method consists of the partial silanization of the surface of the dry adhesive by Chemical Vapour Deposition （CVD） of octadecyltrichlorosilane （OTs）. The partial silanization of the surface of the sample results in a hydrophobic to hy- drophilic gradient across the surface of the dry adhesive. The resulting change in hydrophobicity across the surface of the dry adhesive results in the uphill motion of a droplet of water, which appears to be directly proportional to the area of contact between the droplet and the adhesive. Normal adhesion testing is performed to quantify the effect of the hydrophobic gradient across the surface of the sample. While a variation in adhesion are only minimally affected by the silanization, and the motion strength across the sample is measured, the adhesive properties of the droplet of water doesn＇t cause any loss of adhesion.

关键词： dry adhesion self cleaning hydrophobic silanization polymers PDMs

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