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Detecting Tuberculosis from Vietnamese X-Ray Imaging Using Transfer Learning Approach

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 5001-5016页

作者： Ha Manh Toan lam Thanh Hien Ngo Duc Vinh Do Nang Toan Institute of Information Technology–Vietnam Academy of science and Technology Hanoi10072Vietnam Lac Hong University Bien HoaDong Nai76120Vietnam Hanoi University of Industry Hanoi11915Vietnam

Deep learning created a sharp rise in the development of autonomous image recognition systems,especially in the case of the medical *** lung problems,tuberculosis,caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis,is a dangerous disease because of its infection and *** an infected person coughs or sneezes,tiny droplets can bring pathogens to others through *** mainly damages the lungs,but it also affects any part of the ***,during the period of the COVID-19(coronavirus disease 2019)pandemic,the access to tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment has become more difficult,so early and simple detection of tuberculosis has been more and more *** our study,we focused on tuberculosis diagnosis by using the chestX-ray image,the essential input for the radiologist’s profession,and researched the effectiveness of the transfer learning approach in the case study of Vietnamese chest X-ray *** proposed four strategies to clarify our hypothesis in different ways of applying transfer learning and different training set *** also prepared a Vietnamese X-ray image dataset with the support of the VRPACs team to provide the basis for training and testing deep learning *** experiments were carried out by applying three different architectures,Alexnet,Resnet,and Densenet,on international,Vietnamese,and combined X-ray image *** training,all models were verified on a pure Vietnamese X-rays *** results show that transfer learning is suitable in the case study of Vietnamese chest X-ray images with high evaluating metrics in terms of AUC(Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve),sensitivity,specificity,and *** the best strategy,most of the scores were more than 0.93,and all AUCs were more than 0.98.

关键词： Tuberculosis diagnosis transfer learning Vietnamese chest X-ray

Advances of macroalgae biomass for the third generation of bioethanol production

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2020年第2期28卷 502-517页

作者： Inn shi Tan Man Kee lam Henry Chee Yew Foo steven Lim Keat Teong Lee Department of Chemical Engineering Curtin UniversitySarawak Campus CDT 25098009 MiriSarawakMalaysia Chemical Engineering Department Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610 Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research Institute of Self-Sustainable BuildingUniversiti Teknologi PETRONAS32610 Seri IskandarPerakMalaysia Department of Chemical Engineering Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman43000SelangorMalaysia school of Chemical Engineering Universiti Sains MalaysiaEngineering CampusSeri Ampangan14300 Nibong TebalPulau PinangMalaysia

In recent years, utilization of renewable sources for biofuel production is gaining popularity due to growing greenhouse gas(GHG) emissions which causes global warming. There has been a great effort in exploring alternative feedstock for bioethanol production. In this context, the production of third-generation bioethanol from macroalgae has emerged as an alternative feedstock to food crop-based starch and lignocellulosic *** is mainly due to the fast growth rate of macroalgae, no competition with agricultural land, high carbohydrate content and relatively simple processing steps compared to lignocellulosic biomass. This review paper provides an insight of recent innovative approaches for macroalgae bioethanol production, including conventional and advanced hydrolysis process to produce fermentable sugar, various fermentation technologies, economic analysis and life cycle assessment. With the current technology maturity, efficient utilization of macroalgae as sustainable source for bioethanol and other value-added chemicals production could be achieved in the near future.

关键词： Macroalage Hydrolysis Biomass Fermentation Bioethanol

Efficient turbulent compressible convection in the deep stellar atmosphere

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第1期9卷 102-114页

作者： Chun-Lin Tian Li-Cai Deng Kwing-lam Chan Da-Run Xiong National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100012 China Graduate University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Mathematics Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China Purple Mountain Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

We report on an application of gas-kinetic BGK scheme to the computation of turbulent compressible convection in the stellar interior. After incorporating the sub-grid scale （sGs） turbulence model into the BGK scheme, we tested the effects of numerical parameters on the quantitative relationships among the thermodynamic variables, their fluctuations and correlations in a very deep, initially gravity-stratified stellar atmosphere. Comparison indicates that the thermal properties and dynamic properties are dominated by different aspects of numerical models separately. An adjustable Deardorff constant in the sGs model cu, = 0.25 and an amplitude of artificial viscosity in the gas-kinetic BGK scheme C2 = 0 are appropriate for the current study. We also calculated the densityweighted auto- and cross-correlation functions in Xiong＇s turbulent stellar convection theory based on which the gradient type of models of the non-local transport and the anisotropy of the turbulence were preliminarily studied. No universal relations or constant parameters were found for these models.

关键词： convection -- hydrodynamic -- turbulence -- method: numerical -- stars atmosphere

Adaptive PID controller based on Q-learning algorithm

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2018年第4期3卷 235-244页

作者： Qian shi Hak-Keung lam Bo Xiao shun-Hung Tsai Department of Informatics King’s College LondonBush HouseStrand Campus30 AldwychLondon WC2B 4BGUK Hamlyn Centre for Robotic surgery Imperial College LondonLondon SW7 2AZUK Graduate Institute of Automation Technology National Taipei University of TechnologyTaipei 10608Taiwan

An adaptive proportional–integral–derivative(PID)controller based on Q-learning algorithm is proposed to balance the cart–pole system in simulation *** controller was trained using Q-learning algorithm and implemented the learned Q-tables to change the gains of linear PID controllers according to the state of the system during the control *** adaptive PID controller based on Q-learning algorithm was trained from a set of fixed initial positions and was able to balance the system starting from a series of initial positions that are different from the ones used in the training session,which achieved equivalent or even better performances in comparison with the conventional PID controller and the controller only uses Q-learning *** indicates the advantage of the adaptive PID controller based on Q-learning algorithm both in the generality of balancing the cart–pole system from a relatively wide range of initial positions and in the stabilisability of achieving smaller steady-state error.

关键词： Adaptive PID the controller

Targeting mesenchymal stem cell therapy for severe pneumonia patients

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World Journal of stem Cells 2021年第2期13卷 139-154页

作者： Guy lam Yuan Zhou Jia-Xian Wang Yat-Ping Tsui school of Biomedical sciences University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Research and Development Help Therapeutics Co.Ltd.Nanjing 211100Jiangsu ProvinceChina

Pneumonia is the inflammation of the lungs and it is the world’s leading cause of death for children under 5 years of *** latest coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)virus is a prominent culprit to severe *** the pandemic running rampant for the past year,more than 1590000 deaths has occurred worldwide up to December 2020 and are substantially attributable to severe pneumonia and induced cytokine *** therapeutic approaches in addition to the vaccines and drugs under development are hence greatly sought *** harnessing stem cells and their derivatives have been established by basic research for their versatile capacity to specifically inhibit inflammation due to pneumonia and prevent alveolar/pulmonary fibrosis while enhancing antibacterial/antiviral immunity,thus significantly alleviating the severe clinical conditions of *** recent clinical trials,mesenchymal stem cells have shown effectiveness in reducing COVID-19-associated pneumonia morbidity and mortality;positioning these cells as worthy candidates for combating one of the greatest challenges of our time and shedding light on their prospects as a nextgeneration therapy to counter future challenges.

关键词： Pneumonia Human mesenchymal stem cells Immunomodulation Alveolar protection Pandemic challenge Clinical trials

Childhood Langerhans cell histiocytosis:a disease with many faces

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2019年第6期15卷 536-545页

作者： Alexander K.C.Leung Joseph M.lam Kin Fon Leong Department of Pediatrics The University of Calgaryand The Alberta Children's Hospital#20023316th Avenue NWCalgaryAB T2M 0H5Canada Department of Pediatrics University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Department of Dermatology and skin sciences University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Pediatric Institute Kuala Lumpur General HospitalKuala LumpurMalaysia

Background Langerhans cell histiocytosis(LCH)is a group of diseases characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of Langerhans *** presentations of LCH vary *** sources A PubMed search was conducted using Clinical Queries with the key term "Langerhans cell histiocytosis".The search strategy included meta-analyses,randomized controlled trials,clinical trials,observational studies,and *** paper is based on,but not limited to,the search *** Generally,patients with LCH can be divided into two groups based on the extent of involvement at diagnosis,namely,single-system LCH and multisystem *** involvement may be unifocal or *** with isolated bone lesions typically present between 5 and 15 years of age,whereas those with multisystem LCH tend to present before 5 years of *** clinical spectrum is broad,ranging from an asymptomatic isolated skin or bone lesion to a life-threatening multisystem *** manifestations include,among others,"punched out" lytic bone lesion,seborrheic dermatitis-like erup-tion,erythematous/reddish-brown crusted/scaly papules/maculopapules/plaques/patches,and eczematous lesions,diabetes insipidus,hepatosplenomegaly,cytopenias,lymphadenopathy,and an acute fulminant disseminated multisystem condition presenting with fever,skin rash,anemia,thrombocytopenia,lymphadenopathy,and *** diagnosis is clinicopathologic,based on typical clinical findings and histologic/immunohistochemical examination of a biopsy of lesional *** CD1a,s100,and/or CD207(Langerin)immunohistochemical staining of lesional cells is required for a definitive *** waiting is recommended for patients with skin-only *** with symptomatic or refractory skin-only LCH may be treated with topical tacrolimus/corticosteroids,topical nitrogen mustard,oral methotrexate,or oral *** current recommended first-line therapy for patients with multisystem LCH i

关键词： Cytopenia Diabetes insipidus Eczematous lesions Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy seborrheic dermatitis-like eruption

Missense mutations of the fibrillin-1 gene in two Chinese patients with severe Marfan syndrome

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Chinese Medical Journal 2001年第5期 25-28页

作者： Ivan F.M. LO, Rosanna M.s. WONG, Fanny W.F. lam, Tony M.F. TONG and stephen T.s. lam

Objective To describe two Chinese patients with severe forms of Marfan syndrome and to report findings of mutational analysis of the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) *** Two Chinese patients were studied, one suffering from Marfan syndrome of infantile onset and the other of neonatal onset. Their clinical features were described. Mutational analysis of the FBN1 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and direct sequencing of exons 23 - 32,where the mutational hotspots for severe forms of Marfan syndrome are *** Two missense mutations were successfully identified, a G3037A transition and an A3083T transversion, the latter being an unreported *** Taking advantage of the clustering phenomenon of mutations in severe forms of Marfan syndrome, one can identify FBN1 mutations in these patients by first screening the mutational hotspots,thus reducing the effort that would otherwise be much greater because of the size of the gene.

关键词： Marfan syndrome fibrillin-1 mutation

synchronous colorectal cancer: Clinical, pathological and molecular implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 6815-6820页

作者： Alfred King-Yin lam.sally sze-Yan Chan Melissa Leung Cancer Molecular Pathology Griffith Health InstituteGriffith UniversityGold Coast QLD 4222QueenslandAustralia

synchronous colorectal carcinoma refers to more than one primary colorectal carcinoma detected in a single patient at initial presentation. A literature review has shown that the prevalence of the disease is approximately 3.5% of all colorectal carcinomas. This disease has a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The mean age at presentation of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer is in the early half of the seventh decade. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis and serrated polyps/hyperplastic polyposis are known to have a higher risk of synchronous colorectal carcinoma. These predisposing factors account for slightly more than 10% of synchronous colorectal carcinomas. synchronous colorectal carcinoma is more common in the right colon when compared to solitary colorectal cancer. On pathological examination, some synchronous colorectal carcinomas are mucinous adenocarcinomas. They are usually associated with adenomas and metachronous colorectal carcinomas. Most of the patients with synchronous colorectal cancer have two carcinomas but up to six have been reported in one patient. Patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma have a higher proportion of microsatellite instability cancer than patients with a solitary colorectal carcinoma. Also, limited data have revealed that in many synchronous colorectal carcinomas, carcinomas in the same patient have different patterns of microsatellite instability status, p53 mutation and K-ras mutation. Overall, the prognosis of patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma is not significantly different from that in patients with solitary colorectal carcinoma, although a marginally better prognosis has been reported in patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma in some series. A different management approach and long-term clinical follow-up are recommended for some patients with synchronous colorect

关键词： synchronous carcinoma Colorectal carcinoma Prevalence Microsatellite instability Review

social and geographical disparities in Twitter use during Hurricane Harvey

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第11期12卷 1300-1318页

作者： Lei Zou Nina s.N.lam.shayan shams Heng Cai Michelle A.Meyer seungwon Yang Kisung Lee seung-Jong Park Margaret A.Reams Department of Geography College StationTXUSA Department of Environmental sciences Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA Division of Computer science and Engineering Center for Computation and TechnologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA Department of sociology Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA school of Library and Information science Center for Computation and TechnologyLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLAUSA

socialmedia such as Twitter is increasingly beingused as an effective platform to observe human behaviors in disastrous ***,uneven social media use among different groups of population in different regions could lead to biased consequences and affect disaster *** paper studies the Twitter use during 2017 Hurricane Harvey in 76 counties in Texas and *** seek to answer a fundamental question:did socialgeographical disparities of Twitter use exist during the three phases of emergency management(preparedness,response,recovery)?We employed a Twitter data mining framework to process the data and calculate two indexes:Ratio and *** analyses between the Ratio indexes and the social-geographical characteristics of the counties at the three phrases reveal significant social and geographical disparities in Twitter use during Hurricane *** with higher disasterrelated Twitter use in Harvey generally were communities having better social and geographical *** results of Twitter use patterns can be used to compare with future similar studies to see whether the Twitter use disparities have increased or *** research is also needed to examine the effects of Twitter use disparities on disaster resilience and to test whether Twitter use can predict community resilience.

关键词： social media Twitter Hurricane Harvey emergency management digital divide social and geographical disparities