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On predicting mantle mushroom plumes

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Geoscience Frontiers 2011年第2期2卷 223-235,235+233-234页

作者： Ka-Kheng Tan rex B. Thorpe Zhidan Zhao Global Environment Centre HELP University College BZ-2 Pusat Bandar Damansara 50490 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Department of Chemical and Process Engineering University of Surrey Guildford GU2 7XH U School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China

This study investigates the mechanism of formation of convection plumes of mushroom shape in sub-solidus mantle and their prediction. The seismic-tomographic images of columnar structures of several hundreds kilometers in diameter have been reported by several researchers, while the much cherished mushroom-shaped plume heads could only be found in computational geodynamics （CGD） models and simple small-scale laboratory analogue simulations. Our theory of transient instability shows that the formation of convection plumes is preceded by the onset of convection caused by unsteady-state heat conduction at the boundaries, from which filamentous plumes first appear. The plumes generated at the Core Mantle Boundary （CMB） and lithosphere rising and falling through the mantle have been pre- dicted simply with our theory for various heat fluxes and viscosities, which still remain uncertain amongst geoscientists. The sizes of mushroom plumes in the sub-solidus mantle caused by heat fluxes of 20 and 120 mW/m2 at the CMB are found to be 1842 km and 1173 km with critical times over 825 Myr and 334 Myr respectively. They are comparable to some large continental flood basalt provinces, and they number between 17 and 41. The thickness of the thermal boundary layers at the CMB from which convection plumes evolved are found to be 652 km and 415 km for 20 and 120 mW/m^2 respectively. Top cooling may produce plunging plumes of diameter of 585 km and at least 195 Myr old. The number of cold plumes is estimated to be 569, which has not been observed by seismic tomograpby

关键词： Mantle mushroom plumesSizes Critical times Transient Reynoldsnumber

Routine rectal retroflexion during colonoscopy has a low yield for neoplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第42期14卷 6503-6505页

作者： Abdo Saad Douglas Kevin rex Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN 46202 United States

AIM： To investigate the value of retroflexion in detecting neoplasia in the distal rectum. METHODS： This was a prospective observational study performed in an academic endoscopy unit. Consecutive patients undergoing colonoscopy had careful forward viewing of the distal rectum by retroflexion. Of 1502 procedures, 1076 （72%） procedures were performed with a 140^o angle of view colonoscope and 426 （28%） were performed with a 170^o angle of view colonoscope. The outcome measurement was the yield of neoplasia in the distal rectum detected by forward viewing vs retroflexion. RESUlTS： A total of 1502 patients, including 767 （51%） females and 735 （49%） males, with mean age of 58.8 ± 12.5 years were enrolled. Retroflexion was successful in 1411 （93.9%） patients, unsuccessful or not performed because the rectum appeared narrow in 91 （6.1%）. Forty patients had a polyp detected in the distal rectal mucosa. Thirty-three were visible in both the forward and retroflexed view （25 hyperplastic, 8 adenomatous）. Seven polyps were visualized only by retroflexion （6 hyperplastic sessile polyps, one 4 mm sessile tubular adenoma）. There was no significant difference in information added by retroflexion with 140^o vs 170^o angle of view instrument. CONClUSION： To our knowledge, this is the largest reported evaluation of retroflexion in the rectum. Routine rectal retroflexion did not detect clinically important neoplasia after a careful forward examination of the rectum to the dentate line. Since retroflexion has risks and may cause discomfort, theuse of routine retroflexion should be at the discretion of the endoscopist.

关键词： Colonoscopy Colorectal polyps Retroflexion Rectum

Reinterpretation of histology of proximal colon polyps called hyperplastic in 2001

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第30期15卷 3767-3770页

作者： Omer Khalid Sofyan Radaideh Oscar W Cummings Michael J O'Brien John R Goldblum Douglas K rex Department of Medicine Indiana University Medical CenterIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Pathology Indiana University Medical CenterIndianapolisIN 46202United States Department of Anatomic Pathology Boston University Medical CenterBostonMA 02118United States Department of Anatomic Pathology Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Division of Gastroenterology/Hepatology Indiana University Medical CenterIndianapolisIN 46202United States

AIM： To evaluate how proximal colon polyps interpreted as hyperplastic polyps in 2001 would be interpreted by expert pathologists in 2007.METHODS： ≥ 5 mm in interpreted pathologists 2007 by 3 GI Forty consecutive proximal colon polyps size, removed in 2001, and originally as hyperplastic polyps by general at Indiana University, were reviewed in pathologists.CONClUSION： Many polyps interpreted as hyperplastic in 2001 were considered sessile serrated lesions by GI pathologists in 2007, but there is substantial inter-observer variation amongst GI pathologists.

关键词： Colonoscopy Colorectal polyps Hyperplasticpolyps Inter-observer variability Serrated adenomas Sessile serrated polyps

IT Standardization in ISO/IEC JTC1/SC34

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北京信息科技大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第S2期25卷 4-5页

作者： rex Jaeschke Consultant Reston VirginiaUSA

An overview of the document processing standards work being carried out within ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34.

关键词： DSDl HTMl laTeX nroff ODF OOXMl OpenXPS SGMl TeX troff UOMl and Word

Information Technology Standardiation

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北京信息科技大学学报（自然科学版） 2010年第S2期25卷 1-3页

作者： rex Jaeschke Consultant Reston VirginiaUSA

Overview of the standardization process within the Information Technology industry with emphasis on ISO/IEC JTC 1.

关键词： CEN Ecma Fast Track IEC IEEE ISO JTC 1 PAS SC SDO WG.

Epidemiology of inpatient tibia fractures in Singapore -- A single centre experience

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Chinese Journal of Traumatology 2019年第2期22卷 99-102页

作者： Joshua Decruz rex Premchand Antony rex Suheal Ali Khan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Khoo Teck Puat Hospital Singapore

Purpose:There are no previous epidemiological studies to represent the trends of tibia fractures in the urban *** purpose of our study was to provide unique epidemiological information on the incidence of tibia fractures requiring admission in the urban population of ***:This is a retrospective review of clinical and radiological records encompassing three years period from 2012 to 2014 in a tertiary hospital in Northern Singapore,which covers an adult population of 550,*** information included demographics,mechanism of injury,and Gustillo-Anderson *** records were evaluated by two of the authors and fractures were classified using the AO classification after consensus was ***:There were 214 cases of tibia fractures with a population incidence of 13 in 100,*** the tibia fractures,47% were diaphyseal,43% proximal and 10% *** of patients were males with a male to female ratio of 3 to *** mean age of females was 64 years while that of males was 40 *** commonest mechanism of injury was road traffic accident,which contributed to 42% of cases,with motorcyclists making up 78% of all road traffic *** fractures made up 23% of all fractures,most of which were Gustillo-Anderson type Ⅲ;69% of patients underwent surgical ***:The incidence of tibia fractures is 13/100,000 with a male-to-female ratio of 3∶*** incidence is lower than other studies,but the proportion of open fractures were surprisingly high at 23%.Distribution of fractures was unimodal with a peak in younger men and older *** may signify a component of fragility among tibia fractures,especially proximal and distal fractures,which peaks above the age of 80 years old.

关键词： Tibia fractures Epidemiology Urban

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Effect of Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev Root Extract on Testis of Matured Rats

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第12期26卷 929-935页

作者： Chioma Yvonne Ezirim Sunny O.Abarikwu Chidimma J.Mgbudom-Okah Augustine A.Uwakwe rex-Clovis C.Njoku Aemere Ogunlaja Department of Biochemistry University of Port HarcourtChobaNigeria Department of Biological Sciences Redeemer’s UniversityEdeNigeria

Objective:To investigate the effects of different extracts of Anthocleista djalonensis on the testis and epididymal sperms of ***:Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 10 groups(n=5 in each group)and orally treated with 50,100 and 200 mg/kg body weight each of methanol,aqueous ethanol(H-EtOH)and chloroform extracts of *** oil was used as vehicle(2 ml/kg).After 60 days of treatment,testosterone(T)and cholesterol(CHOl)concentrations,catalase(CAT),lactate dehydrogenase(lDH),3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(3β-HSD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities in the testes along with myeloperoxidase(MPO)activities and nitrite concentrations(NO)in the serum and testes as well as sperm quality were ***:T and CHOl concentrations along with 3β-HSD activity were significantly higher in the animals treated with the low dose than in those treated with the high dose of the chloroform extract(Ploroform extract was more effective than the methanol extract that had the most marginal effect on T level at the high dose and the H-Et OH extract that was only effective at the medium *** activity was dose-dependently increased by the extracts in all *** CAT-SOD antioxidant system was increased in the treated animals at all doses compared to the control values,but the increase in glutathione level reached significant level in those treated with the low dose H-Et OH aqueous ethanol extract(Ply the high dose of chloroform extract had significant inhibitory effects on MPO activity(Pll doses of the *** inhibitory effects of the extracts on testicular NO concentrations follow this order,chloroform extract>H-Et OH>*** all extracts at all doses showed excellent stimulatory effects on sperm quality(count,motility and morphology),the methanol extract at the high dose was the most effective on sperm count(Plusion:The chloroform ex

关键词： Anthocleista djalonensis testis epididymis sperm quality antioxidants testosterone

Fossil Hunters Bristle over Plans for US Tour

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当代外语研究 2004年第9期 22-23,26页

作者： rex Dalton 田宁

埃塞俄比亚的一具原始人类化石要运到美国进行为期三年的travelingexhibition(巡回展览)。围绕着这桩小事,观点却大不相同。尽管展览的目的是help build business and cultura links between Texas and Ethiopia,但是有一些化石研究专... 详细信息

埃塞俄比亚的一具原始人类化石要运到美国进行为期三年的travelingexhibition(巡回展览)。围绕着这桩小事,观点却大不相同。尽管展览的目的是help build business and cultura links between Texas and Ethiopia,但是有一些化石研究专家却时此颇有微辞。因为早在1999年,出于对“the exploitation ofpoorer countries and possible damage to valuable specimens”的忧虑和担心,来自20多个国家的古人类学家就已经达成协议,反对巡回展览原始人类化石。

关键词：巡回展览原始人类 US

Traditional Chinese medicine poisoning in the emergency departments in Hong Kong: Trend, clinical presentation and predictors for poor outcome

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2021年第2期12卷 143-150页

作者： rex Pui Kin lam Eric Ho Yin lau Wai lam Yip Joe Kai Shing leung Matthew Sik Hon Tsui Emergency Medicine Unit Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Accident and Emergency Department Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong KongChina School of Public Health Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicinethe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Dear editor,Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is popular in many countries,especially in the Chinese population.^([1,2]) In Hong Kong,it has been estimated that around 15%of the population consumed Chinese medicine products/herbs in the preceding *** reasons for consumption include regulating bodily functions,curing disease,and building up health.

关键词： has editor curing