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Determinants for adoption of physical soil and water conservation measures by smallholder farmers in Ethiopia

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2019年第4期7卷 354-361页

作者： Million Sileshi reuben Kadigi Khamaldin Mutabazi Stefan Sieber School of Agricultural Economics and Business Studies Sokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Haramaya University Department of Rural Development and Agricultural ExtensionDire-dawaEthiopia Humboldt-University Berlin Department of Agricultural EconomicsBerlinGermany Leibniz Centre for Agricultural landscape Research(ZALF e.V.) Sustainable land Use in Developing CountriesMünchebergGermany

Adoption rates of soil and water conservation measures remain below the expected levels in Ethiopia despite the considerable investments in reducing land degradation and improving soil *** constitutes one of the key research agendas in the *** paper underscores the need for investigating the factors hindering or facilitating the adoption of soil and water conservation *** study results presented in this paper are based on cross-section data collected from 408 households in eastern Ethiopia,including field observations of 790 plots selected using a multi-stage sampling procedure.A multivariate probit model was employed to analyse the determinants of adoption of three soil and water conservation measures (stone bund,soil bund,and bench terracing) at the plot *** study findings reveal that household,socioeconomic,and institution characteristics were the key factors that influenced the adoption of soil bund,stone bund,and bench terracing conservation ***,there was a significant correlation among the three soil and water conservation measures,indicating that the adoption of these measures is *** particular,the results show that there was a positive correlation between stone bunds and soil ***,the correlations between bench terracing and stone bunds as well as bench terracing and soil bunds were negative (implying substitutability).These results imply that the Government and other relevant organizations that are responsible for reducing land degradation in order to increase agricultural production should support the establishment and strengthening of local institutions to facilitate the adoption of soil and water conservation measures.

关键词： Adoption Multiple soil and water conservation Multivariate probit Ethiopia

Dynamic evolution of terpenoid biosynthesis in the Lamiaceae

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Molecular Plant 2023年第6期16卷 963-965页

作者： Zhibiao Wang reuben J.Peters School of Life Sciences Beijing University of Chinese MedicineBeijing 100029China Roy J.Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics&Molecular Biologylowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

With the increasing accessibility of whole-genome sequencing it has become standard practice to apply such an approach to investigation of plants with important and/or interesting natural *** part,this reflects recognition that plants have occasionally rearranged or shuffled their genes to generate biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)for certain natural products(Smit and Lichman,2022;Zhan et al.,2022).

关键词： products evolution

Double-barreled defense: dual ent-miltiradiene synthases in most rice cultivars

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aBIOTECH 2024年第3期5卷 375-380页

作者： Yiling Feng Tristan Weers reuben J.Peters Roy J.Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA

Rice(Oryza sativa)produces numerous diterpenoid phytoalexins that are important in defense against ***,despite extensive previous investigations,a major group of such phytoalexins,the abietoryzins,were only recently *** aromatic abietanes are presumably derived from ent-miltiradiene,but such biosynthetic capacity has not yet been reported in *** wild rice has been reported to contain such an enzyme,specifically ent-kaurene synthase-like 10(KSL10),the only characterized ortholog from ***(OsKSL10),specifically from the well-studied cultivar(cv.)Nipponbare,instead has been shown to make ent-sandaracopimaradiene,precursor to the ***,in many other cultivars,OsKSL10 is accompanied by a tandem duplicate,termed here *** characterization of OsKLS14 from *** demonstrates that this produces the expected abietoryzin precursor ***,phylogenetic analysis of OsKSL10 across the rice pan-genome reveals that from *** is an outlier,whereas the alleles from most other cultivars group with those from wild rice,suggesting that these also might produce ***,OsKSL10 from *** exhibits such activity as well,consistent with its production of abietoryzins but not *** consistent with these results is the lack of abietoryzin production by *** their equivalent product outcome might suggest redundancy,OsKSL10 and OsKSL14 were observed to exhibit distinct expression patterns,indicating such differences may underlie retention of these duplicated ***,the results reported here clarify abietoryzin biosynthesis and provide insight into the evolution of rice diterpenoid phytoalexins.

关键词： Phytoalexins Diterpenoids Diterpene synthases Tandem gene duplication Neofunctionalization

Thermodynamic study of the removal of heavy metal ions from heavy oils using tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate ionic liquid

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Petroleum Research 2022年第4期7卷 545-550页

作者： Festus M.Adebiyi reuben O.Yoade Dangote Oil Refinery Company Ltd. 1Alfred Rewane RoadFalomoIkoyiLagosNigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria

This study investigated efficiency of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide pentahydrate(TMAH)in removal of heavy metal ions from heavy oils obtained from Nigerian oil sands by Soxhlet-extraction *** were removed from the heavy oils at variable temperatures using *** analysis was done using Atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS).Percentage recovery was≥92.85%,confirming reliability of *** metal concentrations followed order:Ni>Pb>Mn>Cu>Cr>*** of variance results showed that F

关键词： AAS Heavy oil Metal Thermodynamics parameters TMAH

A new computational approach for modeling diffusion tractography in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第1期12卷 23-26页

作者： Harsha T.Garimella reuben H.Kraft Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA

Computational models provide additional tools for studying the brain,however,many techniques are currently disconnected from each *** is a need for new computational approaches that span the range of physics operating in the *** this review paper,we offer some new perspectives on how the embedded element method can fill this gap and has the potential to connect a myriad of modeling *** embedded element method is a mesh superposition technique used within finite element *** method allows for the incorporation of axonal fiber tracts to be explicitly ***,we explore the use of the approach beyond its original goal of predicting axonal strain in brain *** explore the potential application of the embedded element method in areas of electrophysiology,neurodegeneration,neuropharmacology and *** conclude that this method has the potential to provide us with an integrated computational framework that can assist in developing improved diagnostic tools and regeneration technologies.

关键词： embedded elements finite element analysis computational biomechanics explicit axonal fiber tracts neural regeneration diffusion tractography

Soil NOx Emission Prediction via Recurrent Neural Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 285-297页

作者： Zhaoan Wang Shaoping Xiao Cheryl reuben Qiyu Wang Jun Wang Department of Mechanical Engineering Iowa Technology InstituteUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Iowa Technology InstituteUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA 52242USA

This paper presents designing sequence-to-sequence recurrent neural network(RNN)architectures for a novel study to predict soil NOx emissions,driven by the imperative of understanding and mitigating environmental *** study utilizes data collected by the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)to develop two distinct RNN predictive models:one built upon the long-short term memory(LSTM)and the other utilizing the gated recurrent unit(GRU).These models are fed with a combination of historical and anticipated air temperature,air moisture,and NOx emissions as inputs to forecast future NOx *** LSTM and GRU models can capture the intricate pulse patterns inherent in soil NOx ***,the GRU model emerges as the superior performer,surpassing the LSTM model in predictive accuracy while demonstrating efficiency by necessitating less training ***,the investigation into varying input features reveals that relying solely on past NOx emissions as input yields satisfactory performance,highlighting the dominant influence of this *** study also delves into the impact of altering input series lengths and training data sizes,yielding insights into optimal configurations for enhanced model ***,the findings promise to advance our grasp of soil NOx emission dynamics,with implications for environmental management *** ahead,the anticipated availability of additional measurements is poised to bolster machine-learning model ***,the future study will explore physical-based RNNs,a promising avenue for deeper insights into soil NOx emission prediction.

关键词： Soil NOx emission long-short term memory gated recurrent unit sequence-to-sequence

Research on the Preschool Teachers’ Preparation for the Implementation of Competence-Based Curriculum in Kenya

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Research on the Preschool Teachers’ Preparation for the Imp...

作者： reuben Sitonik Olkishoo 华中师范大学

学位级别：硕士

基于能力本位的课程体系于2017年开始在肯尼亚试行。这项试验在全国470所公立小学进行。新课程正式推出之前,肯尼亚课程开发研究所于2016年发布了一项需求评估报告。2019年1月,新课程在肯尼亚全面实施。显而易见,肯尼亚需要开设新的课程... 详细信息

基于能力本位的课程体系于2017年开始在肯尼亚试行。这项试验在全国470所公立小学进行。新课程正式推出之前,肯尼亚课程开发研究所于2016年发布了一项需求评估报告。2019年1月,新课程在肯尼亚全面实施。显而易见,肯尼亚需要开设新的课程,一门更基于技能而不是基于考试的课程。然而,政府没有为此次课程改革做好充分的准备。新课程实施以来,幼儿教师受到了很大的影响。本研究旨在分析幼儿教师的培训水平,幼儿教师观点以及学龄前机构的准备程度。本研究采用混合研究设计,对幼儿教师实施新课程的准备状况进行分析。研究者对136所学前教育机构的265名幼儿教师进行了问卷调查,回收有效问卷250份。同时,研究人员通过观察法收集了 136所学校有关课程的相关数据。对所收集的原始数据编码后,利用SPSSTM 23版进行回归分析、方差分析和描述性统计等统计分析方法,最终以频率表、图表、直方图等方式呈现研究结果。统计结果表明,46%的幼儿教师从未接受过新课程培训,64%的幼儿教师支持新课程的实施,44%幼儿教师反对其学校完全实施新课程。教师培训和机构准备具有统计意义,而教师的观点未显示出统计意义。本项研究建议肯尼亚课程开发学院提供更多的时间为新课程实施培训教师,政府也应向学龄前学校划拨更多资金以购买必要的课程实施设备。

关键词：能力本位课程课程实施学前教师准备

Oryzalexin S biosynthesis:a cross-stitched disappearing pathway

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aBIOTECH 2023年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Le Zhao Richard Oyagbenro Yiling Feng Meimei Xu reuben J.Peters Roy J.Carver Department of Biochemistry Biophysics and Molecular BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA50011USA

Rice produces many diterpenoid phytoalexins and,reflecting the importance of these natural products in this important cereal crop plant,its genome contains three biosynthetic gene clusters(BGCs)for such *** chromosome 4 BGC(c4BGC)is largely associated with momilactone production,in part due to the presence of the initiating syn-copalyl diphosphate(CPP)synthase gene(OsCPS4).Oryzalexin S is also derived from ***,the relevant subsequently acting syn-stemarene synthase gene(OsKSL8)is not located in the *** of oryzalexin S further requires hydroxylation at carbons 2 and 19(C2 and C19),presumably catalyzed by cytochrome P450(CYP)*** it is reported the closely related CYP99A2 and CYP99A3,whose genes are also found in the c4BGC catalyze the necessary C19-hydroxylation,while the closely related CYP71Z21 and CYP71Z22,whose genes are found in the recently reported chromosome 7 BGC(c7BGC),catalyze subsequent hydroxylation at C2α.Thus,oryzalexin S biosynthesis utilizes two distinct BGCs,in a pathway cross-stitched together by ***,in contrast to the widely conserved c4BGC,the c7BGC is subspecies(ssp.)specific,being prevalent in *** and only rarely found in the other major ***,while the closely related syn-stemodene synthase OsKSL11 was originally considered to be distinct from OsKSL8,it has now been reported to be a *** derived allele at the same genetic ***,more detailed analysis indicates that OsKSL8(j)is being replaced by OsKSL11(OsKSL8i),suggesting introgression from *** to(sub)tropical japonica,with concurrent disappearance of oryzalexin S production.

关键词： Biosynthetic gene clusters Phytoalexins Diterpenoids Rice evolution

Melatonin for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第10期20卷 2492-2498页

作者： Kewin Tien Ho Siah reuben Kong Min Wong Khek Yu Ho Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Medicine Cluster National University Hospital Singapore 119228Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 119228 Singapore

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort,in combination with disturbed bowel habits in the absence of identifiable organic ***(Nacetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is a hormone produced by the pineal gland and also large number by enterochromaffin cells of the digestive *** plays an important part in gastrointestinal physiology which includes regulation of gastrointestinal motility,local anti-inflammatory reaction as well as moderation of visceral *** is commonly given *** is categorized by the United States Food and Drug Administration as a dietary *** treatment has an extremely wide margin of safety though it may cause minor adverse effects,such as headache,rash and *** was touted as a potential effective candidate for IBS *** role of melatonin in IBS treatment include analgesic effects,regulator of gastrointestinal motility and sensation to sleep ***-controlled studies in melatonin suffered from heterogeneity in *** studies utilized 3 mg at bedtime as the standard dose of ***,all studies had consistently showed improvement in abdominal pain,some showed improvement in quality of life of IBS *** is a relatively safe drug that possesses potential in treating *** studies should focus on melatonin effect on gut mobility as well as its central nervous system effect to elucidate its role in IBS patients.

关键词： Melatonin Irritable bowel syndrome Pain Sleep Analgesia