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Decomposing Income Inequality and Policy Implications in Rural China

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China & World Economy 2007年第2期15卷 44-58页

作者： Lerong Yu renfu luo Linxiu Zhang Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Using village data from samples covering 6provinces, 36 counties and 216 townships, the income inequalities within and between townships in rural China are assessed. The Theil index and the mean logarithmic deviation methods enable us to test income inequality at the township level, and to decompose it into intra-regional and inter-regional at county and provincial levels. In the present paper, we also decompose income inequalities between and within the nationally designated poor counties （NDPC）. The results show that approximately two-thirds of the income inequality in rural China would be eliminated if measures and policies were targeted at the county level. This study also confirms the rationale that China ＇s poverty alleviation strategy of focusing on poor counties based on the inequalities between NDPC and non-NDPC accounts for the most inter-province inequality.

关键词： decomposition mcomeinequality rural China

Meeting the Health-care Needs of the Rural Elderly:The Unique Role of Village Doctors

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China & World Economy 2013年第3期21卷 44-60页

作者： Kimberly Singer Babiarz Hongmei Yi renfu luo Center for Primary Care and Outcomes Research Stanford University Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

Despite their recent deterioration, village clinics have historically been an important source of health care for the poor and elderly in rural China. In this paper, we examine the current role of village clinics, the patients who use them and some of the services they provide. We focus specifically on the role of village clinics in meeting the health-care needs of the rural poor and elderly. We find that although clinics are continuing to decline financially, they remain a source of care for the rural elderly and poor. We estimate that the elderly are 10-15 percent more likely than young individuals to seek care at a clinic. We show that clinics provide many unique services to support the rural elderly （and the elderly poor）, such as in-home patient care, the option for patients to pay on credit, and free and discounted services.

关键词： elderly health care village doctor

China's Labor Transition and the Future of China's Rural Wages and Employment

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China & World Economy 2013年第3期21卷 4-24页

作者： Qiang Li Jikun Huang renfu luo Chengfang Liu Beijing Forestry University Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

This paper contributes to the assessment of China＇s rural labor markets. According to our data, the increase in off-farm employment that China experienced during the 1980s and 1990s continued during the 2000s. Our analysis shows that migration has become the most prevalent off-farm activity, although the destination of migrants is shifting from outside of one＇s province to destinations closer to home. The present paperfinds that large shares of male and female individuals, especially those under 40 years, are working off the farm. These findings represent an important contribution to the labor economics field. First, the results of the present paper reveal that the labor transition from the agricultural sector to the non-agricultural sector for key segments of China＇s rural labor force is nearly complete. Second, although a large share of China ＂s rural labor force work in agriculture, most of these workers are older men and women （and likely would not be willing to take low-wage, labor-intensive jobs）. Third, the rising unskilled wage rate in China is partially a result of the tightening of the labor force in the young age cohorts. Finally, due to factors associated with the one child policy and other demographic transition forces, successive age cohorts will continue to fall in absolute number in the coming decade. Assuming China＇s growth continues, we expect to see further wage increases since it will take higher wages to coax more workers to work off the farm.

关键词： China labor force participation rural wages

Does Education Still Pay Off in Rural China:Revisit the Impact of Education on Off-farm Employment and Wages

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China & World Economy 2008年第2期16卷 50-65页

作者： Haiqing Zhang Linxiu Zhang renfu luo Qiang Li Ph.D. candidate Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Professor and Deputy Director Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Post Doctoral Researcher Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Lecturer School of Economics and Management Beijing Forestry University Beijing China

The present study considers how education affects off-farm job participation and wages. We use a nationally representative dataset from a survey conducted in 5 provinces, 101 villages and 808 households by the authors in early 2005. The empirical results show that educational attainment, skill training and years of experience of rural residents have positive, statistically significant effects on off-farm employment. The average return to a year of education is 7percent, which is higher than those observed in previous studies. We also find the return to an additional year of schooling to be higher for post-junior high schooling than for junior high and below schooling： 11.8 versus 3.2 percent. We conclude that not only does education still pays off in rural China, but also the rate of return to education is increasing over time.

关键词： off-farm employment retums to education rural labor force

Are Children with Siblings Really More Vulnerable Than Only Children in Health, Cognition and Non-cognitive Outcomes？ Evidence from a Multi-province Dataset in China

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China & World Economy 2016年第3期24卷 3-17页

作者： Hua Zhou Di Mo renfu luo Ai Yue Scott Rozelle Associate Professor School of Economics and Management Tongji University China Post Doctorate Fellow LICOS Center for Institution and Economic Performance University of Leuven Belgium Associate Professor School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China Associate Professor Center for Experimental Economics in Education Shaanxi Normal University China Professor Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA

The general goal of the present study is to analyze whether children with siblings lag behind their only-child counterparts in terms of health and nutrition, cognition and educational performance, and non-cognitive outcomes. We draw on a dataset containing 25 871 observations constructed from three school-level surveys spanning four provinces in China. The analysis compares children with siblings and only children aged 9 to 14 years old in terms of eight different health, cognitive and non-cognitive indicators. We find that with the exception of the anemia rate, health outcomes of children with siblings are statistically indistinguishable from those of only children. In terms of cognition, children with siblings performed better than only children. Moreover, outcomes of children with siblings are statistically indistinguishable from those of only children in terms of the non-cognitive outcomes provided by measures of anxiety. According to our results, the same general findings are true regardless of whether the difference between children with and without siblings is disaggregated by gender.

关键词： China cognition education health status nutrition only children

To Board or Not to Board： Evidence from Nutrition, Health and Education Outcomes of Students in Rural China

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China & World Economy 2016年第3期24卷 52-66页

作者： Aiqin Wang Alexis Medina renfu luo Yaojiang Shi Ai Yue PhD candidate School of Economics and Management Northwest University China Research Fellow Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies Stanford University USA Associate Professor School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Peking University China Professor Center for Experimental Economics in Education Shaanxi Normal University China Associate Professor Center for Experimental Economics in Education Shaanxi Normal University China

The debate over whether boarding school is beneficial for students still exists in both developing and developed countries. In rural China, as a result of a national school merger program that began in 2001, the number of boarding students has increased dramatically. Little research has been done, however, to measure how boarding status may be correlated with nutrition, health and educational outcomes. In this paper, we compare the outcomes of boarding to those of non-boarding students using a large, aggregate dataset that includes 59 rural counties across five provinces in China. We find that for all outcomes boarding students perform worse than non-boarding students. Despite these differences, the absolute levels of all outcomes are low for both boarding and non-boarding students, indicating a need for new policies that will target all rural students regardless of their boarding status.

关键词： boarding students education health nutrition rural China

The Effect of Primary School Mergers on Academic Performance of Students in Rural China

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The Effect of Primary School Mergers on Academic Performance...

国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部宏观管理与政策学科青年...

作者： Chengfang Liu Linxiu Zhang renfu luo Scott Rozelle Prashant Loyalka Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute for Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Freeman Spogli Institute Stanford University China Institute for Educational Finance Research Peking University

We examine the impact of primary school mergers on academic performance of students using a dataset that we collected using a survey designed specifically to examine changes in the academic performance of students before and after their schools were merged. We use difference-in-differences and propensity score matching approaches and demonstrate that overall the primary school merger has not harmed the academic performance of students, as some have claimed. We do find, however, that the timing of mergers matter;when students are older(e.g., the fourth grade) their grades rise after merging. The grades of younger students, however, fall.

关键词： school merger academic performance rural China

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乡村振兴背景下农村教育和人力资本发展路径

农业经济问题 2022年第7期43卷 41-51页

作者：罗仁福刘承芳唐雅琳田志磊易红梅北京大学中国农业政策研究中心北京100871 北京大学教育财政科学研究所北京100871

乡村振兴的关键是人才,如何办好农村教育以促进我国农村人力资本发展,更好服务于乡村振兴战略实施不仅需要立足现在,还需要着眼未来。本文围绕如何优化不同年龄段教育资源投入以提高农村教育和人力资本投资配置效率这一科学问题,在梳理... 详细信息

乡村振兴的关键是人才,如何办好农村教育以促进我国农村人力资本发展,更好服务于乡村振兴战略实施不仅需要立足现在,还需要着眼未来。本文围绕如何优化不同年龄段教育资源投入以提高农村教育和人力资本投资配置效率这一科学问题,在梳理人力资本培育领域相关理论的基础上,分析了我国农村学龄前教育、义务教育、后义务教育以及成人教育等方面存在的问题、挑战和实践经验。结果表明农村不同年龄段教育资源存在错配现象,0~6岁儿童学前教育投入亟待加强,农村义务教育服务均等化有待改善,在如何利用现代信息技术等手段提高农村教育服务质量上存在改善空间。最后,本文基于国内近年相关研究实践就提高农村教育和人力资本培育提出了相应政策建议。

关键词：乡村振兴农村教育人力资本发展路径

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农村公共物品提供策略:一个比较分析

浙江社会科学 2008年第9期 23-30页

作者：叶春辉罗仁福浙江大学管理学院中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所农业政策研究中心副研究员北京100101

本文使用中国科学院农业政策研究中心组织的6个省、2459个村的全国性调查数据,描述了各级政府、村级组织和企业(特别是国有企业)提供农村公共投资的基本情况;之后本文分析了不同投资主体的投资决策及其可能的决定因素、探讨了不同投资... 详细信息

本文使用中国科学院农业政策研究中心组织的6个省、2459个村的全国性调查数据,描述了各级政府、村级组织和企业(特别是国有企业)提供农村公共投资的基本情况;之后本文分析了不同投资主体的投资决策及其可能的决定因素、探讨了不同投资主体的公共物品提供策略的异同。研究发现在我国农村,企业在农村公共投资中发挥了巨大的作用,但是企业在提供农村公共投资项目时存在着一些有别于政府公共投资行为的特征。分析结果表明,如果辅之以恰当的政策目标和相应的约束,企业在为农村提供公共投资项目和促进社会主义新农村建设中必将发挥更大的作用。

关键词：农村公共物品投资