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Analysis of Actors Involved in the Bamboo Value Chain and Strategies for the Development of the Bamboo Sector in the Menoua Division, West Region of Cameroon

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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第1期12卷 122-141页

作者： Alvine Meyabeme rene kaam Nsim Mike Frederic Eba Nyong Princely Awazi Herman Zanguim Barnabas Neba Nfornkah Martin Ngankam Tchamba Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences The University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon International Bamboo and Rattan Organization (INBAR) Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology College of Technology The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon

Bamboo is an important non-timber forest product owing to its multipurpose nature. In Cameroon, bamboo has always been neglected and seen as worthless by many communities. However, in recent years, bamboo has received renewed attention which has made many communities and different stakeholders to gain interest in the resource. This study which was carried out in the Menoua division, West region of Cameroon between February to July 2021 sought to identify and characterise the actors involved in the bamboo sector, and assess the different strategies that could be employed to develop the bamboo sector. Data were collected using quantitative and qualitative methods in 6 sub-divisions in Menoua division (Dschang, Santchou, Fongo Tongo, Fokoué, Penka Michel and Nkong-Ni). For the selection of study sites, the criterion used was the proximity of households to the area where the bamboo resource is found. Using the simple random sampling method, 53 households were surveyed across the Menoua division. Key informant and expert interviews were also conducted with mayors, traditional chiefs, heads of forestry posts, heads of research institutions/structures and craftsmen involved in the bamboo sector. Using SPHINX software version 5, a survey form was designed. The data collected was coded and analysed using EXCEL 2010 and SPSS. Map data was analysed using ARCGIS version 2.18. Results indicated that there were two main groups of actors: direct actors (collectors, collectors/transporters, producers/collectors, producers/collectors/transporters, collectors/traders) and indirect actors (Municipal Councils, Decentralized Services of the Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife—M

关键词： Bamboo Bamboo Vulgarization Strategic Framework Actors Menoua Division Cameroon

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Assessing Growth Parameters from Culm Cuttings of Bambusa vulgaris at the University of Dschang Botanic Garden, West Region of Cameroon: Implications for the Bamboo Resource Base and Rural Livelihoods

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Open Journal of Forestry 2022年第1期12卷 88-106页

作者： Gilles Ananfack Baurel Atchombou Herman T. Zanguim Nyong Princely Awazi Steve N. Tassiamba Loic T. Tientcheu Barnabas Neba Nfornkah rene kaam Martin N. Tchamba Laboratory of Environmental Geomatics Department of Forestry Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences The University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Forestry and Wildlife Technology College of Technology The University of Bamenda Bambili Cameroon The International Bamboo and Rattan Organization (INBAR) Yaoundé Cameroon

Dwindling supplies of bamboo resources and the increase in the demand for bamboo have led to the need for better propagation techniques. This is the only way to ensure the sustainability of the bamboo resource base and improve livelihoods. Thus, this study was carried out to examine the different growth parameters of culm cuttings of Bambusa vulgaris in propagation beds with a substrate consisting of dark soil, manure (compost) and sand in a ratio of 1:1:1. Data on different growth parameters was collected on a daily basis over a three week period and analyzed using appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that the different growth parameters (diameter, height, leaves and sheaths) of culm cuttings of B. vulgaris evolved in like manner in three propagation beds. Descriptive statistics for growth parameters of culm cuttings of B. vulgaris showed little or no differences across three shelter/propagation beds (shelter bed 1, shelter bed 2 and shelter bed 3) with 1.4675 ± 1.6172 cm, 93 ± 112 cm, 22 ± 30 leaves, and 4 ± 6 sheaths being the mean diameter, height, number of leaves and number of sheaths for all three propagation beds, respectively. ANOVA test showed no statistically significant variation (p > 0.05) between growth parameters of culm cuttings of B. vulgaris across the three propagation beds, implying that the different growth parameters were relatively similar. Pearson correlation showed the existence of direct and inverse relationships between the different growth parameters of culm cuttings of bamboo. The existence of these direct and inverse relationships could be attributed to the rapid growth rate of bamboo, the substrate used, and the species of bamboo used (B. vulgaris). The study recommends more large-scale propagation projects of this bamboo species in order to ensure the s

关键词： Bamboo Bambusa vulgaris Growth Parameters Culm Cuttings University of Dschang Botanic Garden Cameroon

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MODELING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF A POLLUTANT IN WATER ENVIRONMENT USING THE CUBIC SPLINE SCHEME

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第6期18卷 688-697页

作者： YAN Min KAHAWITA rene College of Architecture and Civil Engineering Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 China Department of Civil Geological and Mining Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal Université deMontr6al Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada Department of Civil Geological and Mining Engineering Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal Université de Montréal Quebec H3C 3A7 Canada

The cubic spline integration scheme has been successfully applied for the first time to obtain solutions for the two-dimensional shallow water wave and transport equations. Its principal advantages are its high accuracy, low computational cost, and flexibility of application. The study quantitatively analyzed and predicted the variation in time and space of a solid pollutant in water environment. The infiltration, adsorption, solubility, advection, and diffusion related factors at different spatial and temporal scales were taken into consideration in the model. Experiments were conducted in this study to examine the capabilities of the cubic spline scheme, The correspondence between the numerical results and the experimental data was fair, The results were also compared with the numerical results obtained using finite difference schemes with good agreement.

关键词： numerical model cubic spline scheme,hydraulics environment pollution

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Hepatic organ protection:From basic science to clinical practice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6044-6045页

作者： rene Schmidt Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Freiburg University Medical Center

Hepatic ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury during liver surgery is still the main cause of postoperative liver failure and the subsequent rise of mortality in these patients. During the last few years, a multitude of underlying mechanisms have been extensively characterized and many different protective approaches have been evaluated under experimental conditions. Some of them have already found their way into small sized clinical trials. In this Topic Highlight series of articles, we present recent insights into promising protective concepts including the regulation and optimization of hepatic blood flow, molecular mechanisms of preconditioning and pharmacological approaches with the aim of limiting hepatic I/R injury. Leading international experts present the latest experimental evidence in their fields stressing clinically relevant ideas, which are now on the edge of entering clinical practice.

关键词： Heme oxygenase-1 Hepatectomy Hepatic organ protection Ischemia/reperfusion injury Liver blood flow Liver transplantation Preconditioning

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Do people communicate about their whereabouts? Investigating the relation between user-generated text messages and Foursquare check-in places

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2018年第3期21卷 159-172页

作者： Ming Li rene Westerholt Alexander Zipf Institute of Geography Heidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

The social functionality of places(***,restaurant)partly determines human behaviors and reflects a region’s functional *** descriptions of places are thus valuable to a range of studies of humans and geographic *** their potential impacts on human verbalization behaviors,one possibility is to link the functions of places to verbal representations such as users’postings in location-based social networks(LBSNs).In this study,we examine whether the heterogeneous user-generated text snippets found in LBSNs reliably reflect the semantic concepts attached with check-in *** investigate Foursquare because its available categorization hierarchy provides rich a-priori semantic knowledge about its check-in places,which enables a reliable verification of the semantic concepts identified fromuser-generated text snippets.A latent semantic analysis is conducted on a large Foursquare check-in *** results confirm that attached text messages can represent semantic concepts by demonstrating their large correspondence to the official Foursquare venue *** further elaborate the representativeness of text messages,this work also performs an investigation on the textual terms to quantify their abilities of representing semantic concepts(i.e.,representativeness),and another investigation on semantic concepts to quantify how well they can be represented by text messages(i.e.,representability).The results shed light on featured terms with strong locational characteristics,as well as on distinctive semantic concepts with potentially strong impacts on human verbalizations.

关键词： Text mining latent semantic analysis semantic concepts Foursquare location-based social network(LBSN)

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Taking advantage of drug resistance, a new approach in the war on cancer

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Frontiers of Medicine 2018年第4期12卷 490-495页

作者： Liqin Wang rene Bernards Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis Oncode Institute The Netherlands Cancer Institute Plesmanlaan 121 1066 CX Amsterdam The Netherlands

Identification of the driver mutations in cancer has resulted in the development of a new category of molecularly targeted anti-cancer drugs. However, as was the case with conventional chemotherapies, the effectiveness of these drugs is limited by the emergence of drug-resistant variants. While most cancer therapies are given in combinations that are designed to avoid drug resistance, we discuss here therapeutic approaches that take advantage of the changes in cancer cells that arise upon development of drug resistance. This approach is based on notion that drug resistance comes at a fitness cost to the cancer cell that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit. We discuss the development of sequential drug therapies in which the first therapy is not given with curative intent, but to induce a major new sensitivity that can be targeted with a second drug that selectively targets the acquired vulnerability. This concept of collateral sensitivity has hitherto not been used on a large scale in the clinic and holds great promise for future cancer therapy.

关键词： cancer drug resistance genetic screens senescence targeted therapy

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A Roadmap toward Engineered Nitrogen-Fixing Nodule Symbiosis

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Plant Communications 2020年第1期1卷 131-146页

作者： Rik Huisman rene Geurts Wageningen University Department of Plant SciencesLaboratory of Molecular BiologyDroevendaalsesteeg 1Wageningen 6708PBThe Netherlands

In the late 19th century,it was discovered that legumes can establish a root nodule endosymbiosis with nitrogen-fixing *** after,the question was raised whether it is possible to transfer this trait to non-leguminous *** the past century,an ever-increasing amount of knowledge provided unique insights into the cellular,molecular,and genetic processes controlling this *** addition,recent phylogenomic studies uncovered several genes that evolved to function specifically to control nodule formation and bacterial ***,despite this massive body of knowledge,the long-standing objective to engineer the nitrogen-fixing nodulation trait on nonleguminous crop plants has not been achieved *** this review,the unsolved questions and engineering strategies toward nitrogen-fixing nodulation in non-legume plants are discussed and highlighted.

关键词： nodulation legumes actinorhizal plants Parasponia engineering nitrogen fixation

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Alternative approaches for estimating missing climate data:application to monthly precipitation records in South- Central Chile

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第4期5卷 390-399页

作者： Alonso Barrios Guillermo Trincado rene Garreaud Escuela de Graduados Facultad de Ctencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales Universidad Austral de ChileBox 567ValdiviaChile Departamento de Ciencias Forestales Facuitad de Ingenieria ForestalUnlversidad del Tolima Box 6299 Ibague Colombia Instituto de Bosques y Sociedad Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos NaturalesUniversidad Austraide ChileBox 567 ValdiviaChile Departamento de Geofistca Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas y MatematicasUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile

Background: Over the last decades interest has grown on how climate change impacts forest resources. However,one of the main constraints is that meteorological stations are riddled with missing climatic data. This study compared five approaches for estimating monthly precipitation records: inverse distance weighting(IDW), a modification of IDW that includes elevation differences between target and neighboring stations(IDW_m), correlation coefficient weighting(CCW), multiple linear regression(MLR) and artificial neural networks(ANN).Methods: A complete series of monthly precipitation records(1995-2012) from twenty meteorological stations located in central Chile were used. Two target stations were selected and their neighboring stations, located within a radius of25 km(3 stations) and 50 km(9 stations), were identified. Cross-validation was used for evaluating the accuracy of the estimation approaches. The performance and predictive capability of the approaches were evaluated using the ratio of the root mean square error to the standard deviation of measured data(RSR), the percent bias(PBIAS), and the NashSutcliffe efficiency(NSE). For testing the main and interactive effects of the radius of influence and estimation approaches,a two-level factorial design considering the target station as the blocking factor was ***: ANN and MLR showed the best statistics for all the stations and radius of influence. However, these approaches were not significantly different with IDW_m. Inclusion of elevation differences into IDW significantly improved IDW_m estimates. In terms of precision, similar estimates were obtained when applying ANN, MLR or IDW_m, and the radius of influence had a significant influence on their estimates, we conclude that estimates based on nine neighboring stations located within a radius of 50 km are needed for completing missing monthly precipitation data in regions with complex ***: It is concluded that approaches based on ANN

关键词： Climatological data Cross-validation Artificial neural networks Multiple linear regression

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Influence of the Iron Anisothermal Sintering on the Characteristic of the Hollow Cathode Discharge

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材料热处理学报 2004年第5期25卷 83-87页

作者： BRUNATTO Silvio Francisco MUZART Joel Louis rene Department of Mechanical Engineering UFPR 81531-990 Curitiba-PR BrazilDepartment of Mechanical Engineering UFSC 88040-900 Florianopolis-SC Brazil

This work studies the influence of anisothermal iron sintering process on hollow cathode discharge characteristics. Two independent cathodes form an annular discharge. The pressed cylindrical iron powder sample, acting as central cathode, was placed concentrically in the interior of an external cathode. The external cathode, machined from an AISI 310 steel bar, besides acting to confine the geometry of the plasma, can also acts as a source of alloying elements. The sample heating is a function of the ion bombardment energy and, so, of the discharge electrical parameters: current (or current density) and the effective potential applied to the cathode. Successive anisothermal sintering is performed in a same sample until the reproducibility of the electrical parameters being obtained. The heating experiments up to 1250 °C, in a gas mixture of 80% Ar + 20% H2, at pressure of 133 Pa, at flow of 2xlO"6 mV, with an inter-cathode radial space of 5.8 mm, were carried out. It was verified the metallurgical evolution of the iron sample sintering process influences the current-?0n (time switched-on of the pulse) characteristics of the discharge.

关键词：空心阴极放电等离子体焊结烧结铁溅射非等温焙烧

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Transcriptional Regulation of Nutrient Exchange in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

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Molecular Plant 2018年第12期11卷 1421-1423页

作者： Erik Limpens rene Geurts Laboratory of Molecular Biology Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningen 6708PBThe Netherlands

Most land plants rely on the symbiosis with arbuscular mycor- rhizal (AM)fungi to acquire sufficient mineral nutrients from soils. Plants host AM fungi inside root cortex cells,where the fungus forms highly branched structures called *** are surrounded by a specialized host membrane across which nutrients are exchanged in a cooperative *** return for mineral nutrients,the fungus obtains sugars and fatty acids from the plant (Luginbuehl and Oldroyd,2017).

关键词： Transcriptional Regulation Nutrient Exchange

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