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Thermal Convection in a Spherical Shell with Melting/Freezing at either or both of Its Boundaries

Journal of Earth Science 2013年第5期24卷 669-682页

作者： renaud deguen Institut de Mécanique des Fluides de Toulouse Université de Toulouse (INPT UPS) and CNRS

In a number of geophysical or planetological settings, including Earth＇s inner core, a sili- cate mantle crystallizing from a magma ocean, or an ice shell surrounding a deep water ocean--a situa- tion possibly encountered in a number of Jupiter and Saturn＇s icy satellites--a convecting crystalline layer is in contact with a layer of its melt. Allowing for melting/freezing at one or both of the boundaries of the solid layer is likely to affect the pattern of convection in the layer. We study here the onset of thermal convection in a viscous spherical shell with dynamically induced melting/freezing at either or both of its boundaries. It is shown that the behavior of each interface---permeable or impermeable-- depends on the value of a dimensionless number P （one for each boundary）, which is the ratio of a melting/freezing timescale over a viscous relaxation timescale. A small value of P corresponds to perme- able boundary conditions, while a large value of P corresponds to impermeable boundary conditions. Linear stability analysis predicts a significant effect of semi-permeable boundaries when the number P characterizing either of the boundary is small enough： allowing for melting/freezing at either of the boundary allows the emergence of larger scale convective modes. The effect is particularly drastic when the outer boundary is permeable, since the degree 1 mode remains the most unstable even in the case of thin spherical shells. In the case of a spherical shell with permeable inner and outer boundaries, the most unstable mode consists in a global translation of the solid shell, with no deformation. In the limit of a full sphere with permeable outer boundary, this corresponds to the ＂convective translation＂ mode recently proposed for Earth＇s inner core. As another example of possible application, we discuss the case of thermal convection in Enceladus＇ ice shell assuming the presence of a global subsurface ocean, and found that melting/freezing could have an importa

关键词： planetary mantle thermal convection phase change linear stability analysis.

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Impedance spectroscopy of the cell/nanovolcano interface enables optimization for electrophysiology

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 297-308页

作者： Nicolas Maïno Arnaud Bertsch Philippe renaud Microsystems laboratory 4 Institute of Electrical and Micro EngineeringEcole Polytechique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland

Volcano-shaped microelectrodes have demonstrated superior performance in measuring attenuated intracellular action potentials from cardiomyocyte cultures. However, their application to neuronal cultures has not yet yielded reliable intracellular access. This common pitfall supports a growing consensus in the field that nanostructures need to be pitched to the cell of interest to enable intracellular access. Accordingly, we present a new methodology that enables us to resolve the cell/probe interface noninvasively through impedance spectroscopy. This method measures changes in the seal resistance of single cells in a scalable manner to predict the quality of electrophysiological recordings. In particular, the impact of chemical functionalization and variation of the probe’s geometry can be quantitatively measured. We demonstrate this approach on human embryonic kidney cells and primary rodent neurons. Through systematic optimization, the seal resistance can be increased by as much as 20-fold with chemical functionalization, while different probe geometries demonstrated a lower impact. The method presented is therefore well suited to the study of cell coupling to probes designed for electrophysiology, and it is poised to contribute to elucidate the nature and mechanism of plasma membrane disruption by micro/nanostructures.

关键词： enable interface optimization

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Fusion of spatiotemporal and thematic features of textual data for animal disease surveillance

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2023年第3期10卷 347-360页

作者： Sarah Valentin renaud Lancelot Mathieu Roche CIRAD F-34398 MontpellierFrance ASTRE Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAEMontpellierFrance TETIS Univ MontpellierAgroParisTechCIRADCNRSINRAEMontpellierFrance Departement de Biologie Universite de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuebecCanada

Several internet-based surveillance systems have been created to monitor the web for animal health *** systems collect a large amount of news dealing with outbreaks related to animal *** identifying news articles that describe the same outbreak event is a key step to quickly detect relevant epidemiological information while alleviating manual curation of news *** paper addresses the task of retrieving news articles that are related in epidemiological *** tackle this issue using text mining and feature fusion *** main objective of this paper is to identify a textual representation in which two articles that share the same epidemiological content are *** compared two types of representations(i.e.,features)to represent the documents:(i)morphosyntactic features(i.e.,selection and transformation of all terms from the news,based on classical textual processing steps)and(ii)lexicosemantic features(i.e.,selection,transformation and fusion of epidemiological terms including diseases,hosts,locations and dates).We compared two types of term weighing(i.e.,Boolean and TF-IDF)for both *** combine and transform lexicosemantic features,we compared two data fusion techniques(i.e.,early fusion and late fusion)and the effect of features generalisation,while evaluating the relative importance of each type of *** conducted our analysis using a corpus composed of a subset of news articles in English related to animal disease *** results showed that the combination of relevant lexicosemantic(epidemiological)features using fusion methods improves classical morphosyntactic representation in the context of disease-related news *** lexicosemantic representation based on TF-IDF and feature generalisation(F-measure=0.92,r-precision=0.58)outperformed the morphosyntactic representation(F-measure=0.89,r-precision=0.45),while reducing the features *** the features into lower granular

关键词： Animal disease surveillance Text mining Ranking Fusion

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Risk Information Sources for Snow Disaster Risk Preparedness in Scotland

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第6期12卷 854-866页

作者： Josephine Adekola Fabrice renaud Carol Hill Adam Smith Business School University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQ.UK School of Interdisciplinary Studies.University of Glasgow.Dumfries DG14ZL UK

Heavy snow disruptions are common and costly occurrences in the UK,including ***,heavy snow remains an underresearched aspect of disaster risks in *** study critically examined the 2018 heavy snow event in Scotland referred to as the“Beast from the East”(BfE)in order to explore the different sources of information used by the public in preparation for and response to heavy snow *** study also examined the effectiveness of BfE risk communication between authorities and the public and sought to determine if there is a relationship between risk information received and the intention to mitigate *** were collected through a semistructured survey from(n=180)residents of the Annandale and Eskdale region of Dumfries and Galloway,*** analysis shows that public authority information sources were the most sought-after information sources,followed by online and web *** found statistically significant differences between groups(such as age,gender,and mobility/disability)in terms of using risk information *** analysis shows that the relationship between information received and the intention to mitigate risks is not linear but influenced by intervening variables such as work pressures,financial commitment,and stakeholders’*** argue that where full adherence to official risk advice is required,policymakers should carefully consider issues around these three factors.

关键词： Disaster preparedness Heavy snow Risk information sources Risk perception Scotland

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New insights into the control of symbiotic nitrogen fixation by carbon supply

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Molecular Plant 2023年第11期16卷 1724-1726页

作者： Marc Lepetit renaud Brouquisse Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAEUniversite Cote d'AzurCNRS06903 Sophia-AntipolisFrance

The interaction between legumes and rhizobium-type bacteria allows symbiotic nitrogen fixation(SNF).Symbiosis takes place in a new root organ,the nodule,in which the plant host fuels the bacteria differentiated into bacteroids with dicarboxylic acids,enabling their active carbon and energy metabolisms(Figure 1).In addition,the plant maintains the bacteroids in microoxic conditions allowing the nitrogenase to reduce atmospheric nitrogen(N_(2))to ammonia(NH_(3)).Ammonia is not assimilated in the bacteroids but is subsequently transferred into the surrounding plant cells,where it combines with carbon(C)skeletons through the glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase *** amino acids and/or ureides are finally distributed from the root to the to the whole plant.

关键词： Figure insight skeleton

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Radical-mediated hydroalkylation of 2-vinylpyrrolidine derivatives: a versatile entry into indolizidine alkaloids

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Science China Chemistry 2019年第11期62卷 1504-1506页

作者： Sankar Rao Suravarapu Bettina Peter Philippe renaud Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Bern

A concise route for the preparation of two simple optically pure indolizidin-5-ones has been *** key chain elongation process was achieved using a triethylborane/catechol mediated hydroalkylation of Boc-protected *** using complementary strategies,these two bicyclic lactams can be alkylated with complete control of the stereochemistry at C(5)and their conversion to a variety of indolizidine alkaloids such as coniceine,indolizidine 209D and 167B,5-epi-indolizidine 249A and monomorine has been reported in the literature.

关键词： alkenes carbohydrogenation radical reaction catechol triethylborane α-iodoesters allylamine

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Understanding future changes to fires in southern Europe and their impacts on the wildland-urban interface

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2021年第1期2卷 20-29页

作者： Anne Ganteaume renaud Barbero Marielle Jappiot Eric Maillé INRAE RECOVERAix-en-ProvenceFrance

Southern Europe is a highly fire-prone region where extreme fires have often disastrous consequences on both structures and *** activities and fire weather conditions favouring ignitions and propagation have always been the drivers of such fires but anthropogenic climate change alongside the extension of wildland-urban interface(WUI)that concentrates both assets and fire ignitions have the compounding effect of exacerbating fire *** are currently not adequately prepared to sustain events whose frequency and intensity are foreseen to increase in the future as shown during the extreme fires that occurred recently in Euro-Mediterranean *** work presents the context of WUI fires in the Euro-Mediterranean region,their driving forces and their impacts on society,with insights from three recent catastrophic fires that drew much *** this context,we propose a conceptual framework for understanding the WUI issue assessing the implications for fire risk and providing some guidance to mitigate this risk,updated management strategies as well as comments about gaps in our current knowledge and how we might address this problem in the future.A successful approach to reduce fire risk in the future will require building resilient landscapes and communities better prepared to face these extreme fire events in which WUI population,forest managers,land planners,civil protection,and policy-makers need to work together to improve the safety and resilience of these fire-prone areas.

关键词： Wildland-urban interface Mediterranean region Fire risk Resilient community and landscape fire weather conditions Vulnerability

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Identifying associations between epidemiological entities in news data for animal disease surveillance

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2021年第1期5卷 163-174页

作者： Sarah Valentin renaud Lancelot Mathieu Roche CIRAD UMR ASTREUMR TETISF-34398 MontpellierFrance ASTRE Univ MontpellierCIRADINRAEMontpellierFrance TETIS Univ MontpellierAgroParisTechCIRADCNRSINRAEMontpellierFrance

Event-based surveillance systems are at the crossroads of human and animal(and plant and ecosystem)health,epidemiology,statistics,and ***,their deployment faces many challenges specific to each domain and their intersections,such as relations among automation,artificial intelligence,and *** this context,ourwork pertins to the extraction of epidemiological events in textual data(***)by unsupervised *** define the event extraction task as detecting pairs of epidemiological entities(e.g.a disease name and location).The quality of the ranked lists of pairs was evaluated using specific ranking evaluation *** used a publicly available annotated corpus of 438 documents(*** articles)related to animal disease *** statistical approach was able to detect event-related pairs of epidemiological features with a good trade-off between precision and *** results showed that using a window of words outperformed document-based and sentence-based approaches,while reducing the probability of detecting false *** results indicated that Mutual Information was less adapted than the Dice coefficient for ranking pairs of features in the event extraction *** believe that Mutual Information would be more relevant for rare pair detection(*** signals),but requires higher manual curation to avoid false positive extraction ***,generalising the country-level spatial features enabled better discrimination(***)of relevant disease-location pairs for event extraction.

关键词： Animal disease surveillance Text mining Event extraction

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A phase field model for snow crystal growth in three dimensions

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npj Computational Materials 2017年第1期3卷 350-356页

作者： Gilles Demange Helena Zapolsky renaud Patte Marc Brunel GPM UMR CNRS 6643University of RouenSaint Etienne du Rouvray 76575France CORIA UMR 6614 University of RouenSaintÉtienne du Rouvray 76575France

Snowflake growth provides a fascinating example of spontaneous pattern formation in *** to understand this phenomenon have led to important insights in non-equilibrium dynamics observed in various active scientific fields,ranging from pattern formation in physical and chemical systems,to self-assembly problems in ***,very few models currently succeed in reproducing the diversity of snowflake forms in three dimensions,and the link between model parameters and thermodynamic quantities is not ***,we report a modified phase field model that describes the subtlety of the ice vapour phase transition,through anisotropic water molecules attachment and condensation,surface diffusion,and strong anisotropic surface tension,that guarantee the anisotropy,faceting and dendritic growth of *** demonstrate that this model reproduces the growth dynamics of the most challenging morphologies of snowflakes from the Nakaya *** find that the growth dynamics of snow crystals matches the selection theory,consistently with previous experimental observations.

关键词： dimensions phase field

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LiToTac: An Interactive-Interface Software for Finite Element Analysis of Multiple Contact Dynamics

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2019年第1期118卷 111-137页

作者： Lei Peng Zhiqiang Feng Pierre Joli Christine renaud School of Mechanics and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu610031China Laboratory of Mechanics and Energetics UniversitéParis-SaclayEvry91020France.

In order to investigate the mechanical behavior of systems with complex architecture and a large number of contacting bodies,a finite element software,named LiToTac,has been developed by using the object-oriented programming *** software,with an interactive graphical user interface,is able to handle highly non-linear problems including multiple contacts and large *** importantly,the contact detection based on a hybrid three-stages methodology can be performed automatically,which is more efficient than the common strategies of pre-defining contact zones in commercial FEM software like ANSYS,ABAQUS,*** addition,the contact solver in LiToTac is portable between dynamic and quasi-static codes and can accurately solve contact coupled with friction in a reduced *** numerical examples are carried out to illustrate the functionality and capacity of the software package.

关键词： Finite element software object-oriented programming automatic contact detection multiple contact dynamics.

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