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Characterization of Virulence Factors in Enteroaggregative and Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Children with Diarrhea

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2012年第4期2卷 135-142页

作者： Thiago Azevedo Feitosa Ferro Francyelle Costa Moraes Andreia Meneses da silva Claude Porcy Leandro Amorim Soares Cristina Andrade Monteiro Nyla Thyara Melo Lobao Francisco Amazonas Assis de Mello Valério Monteiro-Neto Patrícia de Maria silva Figueiredo Research Group of Endemic and Parasitic Diseases CEUMA UniversitySao LuisBrazil Federal Institute of Maranhao Sao LuisBrazil Health and Biological Sciences Center Federal University of MaranhaoSao LuísBrazil

Enteroaggregative (EAEC) and atypical enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli are important bacterial etiologic agents causing diarrhea among children. The aim of the present study was to examine the impact of virulence factors predisposes to diarrhea. In this study some virulence properties were examined on 11 EAEC and 8 EPEC strains identified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), isolated from stool samples of children were analyzed genotypically and phenoltypically for the prevalence of virulence factors. The most frequently detected factor was resistance to serum (94%), followed by curli fimbriae (78%), biofilm production (73%), and gene coding for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) (68%). EPEC isolates showed at least three of the evaluated properties, while EAEC isolates showed at least two. The prevalence of these virulence factors between the two strains showed no statistical difference. This study showed the heterogeneity of the virulence profile of the isolates of EAEC and atypical EPEC strains and suggests that this diversity may influence in the disease severity.

关键词： E.coli Diarrhea Virulence Factors

Effect of Infestation of <i>Alabama argillacea</i>(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at Different Ages of Cotton Plants in Yield

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2014年第10期5卷 1441-1448页

作者： Marcos Doniseti Michelotto Jacob Crosariol Netto josé Fernando Grigolli Antonio Carlos Busoli Willians Cesar Carrega Everton Luis Finoto Juliana Altafin Galli Apta North Centre Pindorama Brazil Department of Crop Protection FCAV/Unesp Jaboticabal Brazil Department of Vegetal Production FCAV/Unesp Jaboticabal Brazil MS Foundation Maracaju-MS Brazil

The cotton leafworm is an important defoliating pest of cotton in Brazil, and occurs in all regions where the crop is cultivated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of larval densities of A. argillacea after different infestation periods on the yield components of four cotton cultivars. The experiment was carried out in Pindorama, SP, Brazil, in the 2008/2009 growing season. The cultivars IAC-25, DeltaOPAL, Fibermax 966 and Fibermax 993 were artificially infested with A. argillacea larvae at three times (30, 60 and 90 DAE) and four densities (0, 2, 4, and 6 larvae per plant). The average boll weight (g), fiber percentage (%), 100-seed weight (g) and yield (kg·ha-1) were evaluated. With increasing infestation density of A. argillacea, the cotton yield of the cultivars decreased. The presence of larvae significantly reduced the weight of 100 seeds of cultivar Fibermax 966. Initial infestations reduced the boll weight of IAC-25 and DeltaOPAL, while cultivars Fibermax 966 and Fibermax 993 were most affected by late infestations. Early infestation compromised fiber percentage of cultivar DeltaOPAL and late infestations were most harmful to cultivar Fibermax 966. Early A. argillacea infestation reduced the yield of DeltaOPAL, while infestations 60 DAE caused the most damage to IAC-25, and the other cultivars were not affected by the moment of infestation.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum Cotton Leafworm Cultivars Biotic Stress

Techniques of Remote Sensing and GIS as Tools for Visualizing Impact of Climate Change-Induced Flood in the Southern African Region

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American Journal of Climate Change 2017年第2期6卷 306-327页

作者： Yaw A.Twumasi Edmund C.Merem Tomas Ayala-silva Albert Osei Brilliant M.Petja Kia Alexander Department of Urban and Regional Planning Jackson State UniversityJacksonMSUSA USDA-ARS Tropical Agriculture Research Station MayaguezPuerto Rico Department of Mathematics and Computer Sciences Oakwood UniversityHuntsvilleALUSA Water Research Commission(WRC)Private Bag X03 GezinaSouth Africa Texas Department of Agriculture(TDA) DallasTXUSA

Flooding is a major problem facing Southern African region. The region has been experiencing flood for the past two decades. This flood event has been exacerbated in recent years by global weather pattern known as La Ni?a which cools ocean waters in the equatorial Pacific and changes rainfall patterns across the world. This change in weather pattern has resulted in increased rainfall over Southern Africa causing flash floods resulting in extensive socioeconomic loses, casualties and environmental damage. This study employs remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) data to visualize the impact of climate change caused by flooding in the Southern African region in order to assist decision makers’ plans for future occurrences. To achieve these objectives, the study used Digital Elevation Model (DEM), temporal Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellites data obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) and NASA’s Earth Observatory websites in order to show the spatial dimensions of the damage and the flooded area. Results of the study revealed notable damages to social and natural environments as well as flood risk zones and watercourses in the study area. The paper concludes by outlining policy recommendations in the form of the need for building drainage ditches on the flat plains identified in this study to accommodate flood flows, the design of a comprehensive Regional Emergency Information System (REIS) with support from the governments in the study area and the neighboring countries. Building such system, the paper concludes could offer decision-makers access to the appropriate spatio-temporal data for monitoring climate change induced emergencies related to seasonal floods.

关键词： Remote Sensing Geographic Information Systems Climate Change Flooding La Nina

Relationship of Polymorphisms of Glutathione S-Transferase GSTT1 and GSTM1 With the Response to Chemotherapy In Mexican Women with Advanced Breast Cancer

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2011年第3期2卷 354-361页

作者： Odeth Soto-Quintana Paula Cabrera-Galeana Gabriel Téllez-Trevilla josé Luis Barrera-Franco Alejandro Juárez-Ramiro Julieta Castillo-Cadena 不详

Introduction: Breast cancer is a common disease diagnosed in Mexican women and the first leading cause of death [1]. Heterogeneity in patients’ response to treatment is consistently observed across populations. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are involved in the metabolism of environmental carcinogens, reactive oxygen species and chemotherapeutic agents by catalyzing the glutathione with electrophilic compounds. The deletion of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes result in loss of enzyme activity. A few studies evaluated the response to treatment and the polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1. The aim of this work is to make the association of the null polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1 with the response to chemotherapy basically doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide. Methods: The genotyping of thirty patients with breast cancer was made with the Polymerase chain reaction, to identify the polymorphisms of GSTT1 and GSTM1. We determine the status of Her-2 neu, estrogen and progesterone receptors, then the response to treatment was made with an ultrasound and pathological data. We made the association with the χi2 statistics using a p≤0.05. Results: Using the Sigma Stat 3.5 program and the chi-squared analysis, we do not observe a significant association with the GSTT1+/GSTM1+, GSTT1-/GSTM1+ and GSTT1-/GSTM1-polymorphisms and the better or worse response to cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. With the Her-2 neu, estrogen and progesterone receptors status, we neither found an association with the response to the therapy. Conclusion: This study suggests that GSTT1 and GSTM1 polymorphisms have no statistical significance between the genotype of women with advanced breast cancer and the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but we can see a clear tendency toward better response with the null genotype.

关键词： Breast Cancer GSTT1 GSTM1 Polymorphisms Chemotherapy Response

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有关地震区划的综合模型

世界地震译丛 1996年第6期27卷 7-11页

作者： M.Sanchez-silva C.Taylor D.Blockley 张素欣河北省地震局

引言本世纪中叶以来,随着科技、经济和社会的发展,城市已产生了引人注目的变化。人口和基础设施的增加,以及居民社会和经济条件的显著变化成为当今城市的典型特征。

关键词：地震区域划分综合模型

Genetic Variability of Brachiaria ruziziensis Clones to Collaria oleosa(Hemiptera:Miridae)Based on Leaf Injuries

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 2418-2424页

作者： Daniela Maria da silva Jair Campos de Moraes Alexander Machado Auad Marcy das Graças Fonseca Fausto Souza Sobrinho Department of Entomology Universidade Federal de LavrasLavrasBrazil Entomology Laboratory Embrapa Dairy Cattle Re-search StationJuiz de ForaBrazil

Collaria oleosa causes leaf injuries to the main forage grasses used for cattle feeding in Brazil. The aim of this work was to determine resistance of B. ruziziensis clones against C. oleosa. Eighty B. ruziziensis clones were maintained in greenhouse, in which C. oleosa natural infestations have been occurring in previous years. After 40 days, damage score and chlorophyll content reduction were assessed for all clones. By using these parameters, genetic gain was estimated based on REML/BLUP mixed models. We observed significant differences for damage scores and chlorophyll content reduction among B. ruziziensis clones, evidencing genetic variability in this forage specie in regard to resistance against C. oleosa. Gain derived from selection of the 10 best clones was 18.2% and 5.80% when considering the damage score and chlorophyll content reduction, respectively. The clones CNPGL BR 10, CNPGL BR 64, CNPGL BR 97 and CNPGL BR 40 presented the highest genetic gain for both damage score and chlorophyll content reduction, and then they will be selected to continue the B. ruziziensis breeding program with the possibility of maximizing genetic gain for the next generations.

关键词： Signal Grass Bug Damage Score Chlorophyll Content

Holistic Evaluation of the Morbidity Due to Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Its Main Risk Factors in the State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2015年第1期5卷 36-47页

作者： Gaytán-Hernández Darío Domínguez-Cortinas Gabriela Mejía-Saavedra josé de Jesús Márquez-Mireles Leonardo Ernesto Faculty of Nursing San Luis Potosí University San Luis Potosí México Centre of Applied Research in Environment and Health Faculty of Medicine San Luis Potosí University San Luis Potosí México Faculty of Social Sciences San Luis Potosí University San Luis Potosí México

Objective: To evaluate the morbidity due to diabetes mellitus type 2 within the State of San Luis Potosí, México, through a strong methodology, through which the multivariate relations were identified of the main social and environmental determiners in the disease, thus managing to quantify their respective levels of responsibility. Material and Methods: This evaluation began as a hypothesis of a multicasual theoretical model on diabetes mellitus and its main determining factors, which was analyzed through the application of multivariate exploratory statistical methodologies and confirmed as it is the case of the principal components analysis and the structural equation models. Results: Three components were extracted that explain the 96% of the total variance of the indicators;the main risk factors which were identified in the first component were, the use of the car, age, homes with TV use, urban life and feminine population;the indicators from the second and third component have little influence in the impact of the disease. Conclusions: the study shows the usefulness of the model for the analysis and prioritization of the environmental and social determiners of the disease, information that could sustain the design of public guidelines for the prevention and control of the analyzed disease.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Risk Factors Multivariate Analysis

Using the Mini Nutritional Assessment to Evaluate the Profile of Elderly Patients in a Geriatric Outpatient Clinic and in Long-Term Institutions

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第5期2卷 582-587页

作者： Valéria Maria Caselato-Sousa Maria Elena Guariento Gilberto Crosta Mariangela Antunes da silva Pinto Valdemiro Carlos Sgarbieri 不详

INTRODUCTION: The Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) is a scale developed to evaluate the risk of malnutrition in senior citizens and to identify those who might benefit from early intervention. The objective of this study was to verify the nutritional profile of elderly individuals through the application of the MNA in three different locations: at the Geriatric outpatient clinic and two long-term institutions. METHODS: Through transversal observation study the MNA was applied to 90 elderly people of both genders over 60 years of age. The MNA version modified by Rubenstein et al. [4] and translated into Portuguese was used to evaluate the patients for this study. The descriptive analysis of variables is shown as the average ± one standard deviation (SD). RESULTS: At the AG, the risk of malnutrition was found to be 72.73% ± 3.77%, while 27.27% ± 3.77% of the patients were eutrophic;no malnourished elderly patients were found. At the ASVP, 15.38% ± 11.28% of elderly patients were found to be malnourished, 35.90% ± 15.10% were found to be at risk of malnutrition and 48.72% ± 15.72% were eutrophic. At the PMI, 42.50% ± 15.30% of the elderly patients were found to be malnourished, 25% ± 13.40% were at risk of malnutrition and 32.50% ± 14.50% were eutrophic. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the high prevalence of elderly patients that were malnourished or at risk of malnutrition, a more detailed evaluation of their nutritional states is required, as well as a regular follow up of those patients and a dietary intervention to reverse the situation.

关键词： Aging Malnutrition Nutritional Status Nutritional Assessment Geriatric Assessment

Review on radiological evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia using computed tomography

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World Journal of Radiology 2021年第9期13卷 294-306页

作者： Chiara Casartelli Fabiana Perrone Maurizio Balbi Veronica Alfieri Gianluca Milanese Sebastiano Buti Mario silva Nicola Sverzellati Melissa Bersanelli Medical Oncology Unit University Hospital of ParmaParma 43126Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery University of ParmaParma 43126Italy Division of Radiology University of ParmaParma 43126Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery Respiratory Disease and Lung Function UnitUniversity of ParmaParma 43126Italy

BACKGROUND Pneumonia is the main manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)*** computed tomography is recommended for the initial evaluation of the disease;this technique can also be helpful to monitor the disease progression and evaluate the therapeutic *** To review the currently available literature regarding the radiological follow-up of COVID-19-related lung alterations using the computed tomography scan,to describe the evidence about the dynamic evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia and verify the potential usefulness of the radiological *** We used pertinent keywords on PubMed to select relevant studies;the articles we considered were published until October 30,*** this selection,69 studies were identified,and 16 were finally included in the *** Summarizing the included works’findings,we identified well-defined stages in the short follow-up time frame.A radiographic deterioration reaching a peak roughly within the first 2 wk;after the peak,an absorption process and repairing signs are *** later radiological follow-up,with the limitation of little evidence available,the lesions usually did not recover *** Following computed tomography scan evolution over time could help physicians better understand the clinical impact of COVID-19 pneumonia and manage the possible sequelae;a longer follow-up is advisable to verify the complete resolution or the presence of long-term damage.

关键词： COVID-19 Computed tomography Pneumonia Radiological evolution Follow-up Long-term consequences Lung damage SARS-CoV-2