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Galacto-oligosaccharides improve barrier function and relieve colonic inflammation via modulating mucosa-associated microbiota composition in lipopolysaccharides-challenged piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 240-255页

作者： ren gao Shiyi Tian Jing Wang Weiyun Zhu National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal HealthNational Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceLaboratory of Gastrointestinal MicrobiologyCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Background:Galacto-oligosaccharides(GOS)have been shown to modulate the intestinal microbiota of suckling piglets to exert beneficial effects on intestinal function.However,the modulation of intestinal microbiota and intestinal function by GOS in intestinal inflammation injury models has rarely been reported.In this study,we investigated the effects of GOS on the colonic mucosal microbiota composition,barrier function and inflammatory response of lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-challenged suckling piglets.Methods:A total of 18 newborn suckling piglets were divided into three groups,the CON group,the LPS-CON group and the LPS-GOS group.Piglets in the LPS-GOS group were orally fed with 1 g/kg body weight of GOS solution every day.On the d 14,piglets in the LPS-CON and LPS-GOS group were challenged intraperitoneally with LPS solution.All piglets were slaughtered 2 h after intraperitoneal injection and sampled.Results:We found that the colonic mucosa of LPS-challenged piglets was significantly injured and shedding,while the colonic mucosa of the LPS-GOS group piglets maintained its structure.Moreover,GOS significantly reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activity of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in the LPS-challenged suckling piglets,and significantly increased the activity of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC).GOS significantly increased the relative abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae and Romboutsia,and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Alloprevotella,Campylobacter and Helicobacter in the colonic mucosa of LPS-challenged suckling piglets.In addition,GOS increased the concentrations of acetate,butyrate and total short chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in the colonic digesta of LPS-challenged suckling piglets.GOS significantly reduced the concentrations of interleukin 1β(IL-1β),interleukin 6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and cluster of differentiation 14(CD14),and the relative mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MyD88)in the LPS-challenge

关键词： Barrier function Galacto-oligosaccharides Intestinal microbiota Lipopolysaccharides Suckling piglets

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Early-life galacto-oligosaccharides supplementation alleviates the small intestinal oxidative stress and dysfunction of lipopolysaccharide-challenged suckling piglets

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第5期13卷 1543-1556页

作者： Shiyi Tian Jue Wang ren gao Jing Wang Weiyun Zhu Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal HealthNational Center for International Research on Animal Gut NutritionNational Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Animal ScienceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China

Background:Galacto-oligosaccharides(GOS)are non-digestible food ingredients that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut.This study investigated the protective effect of the early-life GOS supplement on the piglets’gut function against the oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-challenge.Methods:Eighteen neonatal piglets were assigned to three groups including CON,LPS and LPS+GOS groups.The piglets in CON group and LPS group received physiological saline,while those in LPS+GOS group received GOS solution for 13 d after birth.On d 14,the piglets in LPS group and LPS+GOS group were injected with LPS solutions,while the piglets in CON group were injected with the same volume of physiological saline.Results:The results showed that the early-life GOS supplement blocked the LPS-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS)secretion,malondialdehyde(MDA)production and the increase of pro-apoptotic factor expression.Meanwhile,the early-life GOS supplement improved the activities of antioxidant enzymes,disaccharidase enzymes activities,and digestive enzymes activities,and increased the mRNA abundance of the gene related to nutrient digestion and absorption and the relative protein expression of tight junction.The study also showed that the early-life GOS supplement improved the expression of Hemeoxygenase-1(HO-1)and NAD(P)H/quinone acceptor oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1),and activated the AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK).Conclusions:These results suggested that GOS enhanced the gut function,reduced the ROS production and proapoptotic factors gene expression,and activated the AMPK signaling pathway in LPS-challenged piglets.

关键词： Early-life Galacto-oligosaccharides Lipopolysaccharide Oxidative stress Suckling piglets

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Recent advances in Fe-N-C-and Co-N-C-based materials as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1137-1160页

作者： Hui-Min Xu Hong-Rui Zhu Chen-Jin Huang Zhi-Jie Zhang Ting-Yu Shuai Qi-Ni Zhan gao-ren Li College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Fe-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C)-and Co-nitrogen-carbon(Co-N-C)-based electrocatalysts have been widely concerned because of their high OER/ORR activity,low metal cost,and simple preparation.The exploration of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atombased catalysts with high activity and stability to overcome the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions is also the key to the development of efficient electrolytic water,fuel cells,and rechargeable metal-air batteries.Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based electrocatalysts have the advantages of a high utilization rate of metal atoms and high electrocatalytic activity,and are ideal catalysts for promoting electrochemical energy conversion and storage.The general principles of designing Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based electrocatalysts are reviewed in this paper.Then,the strategies to improve the bifunctional catalytic activity and stability are proposed.Finally,the challenges and prospects of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based catalysts are well summarized.This review will provide a reference for the directed optimization of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based catalysts.

关键词： Fe-N-C Co-N-C single atom bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts

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Predicting short-term major postoperative complications in intestinal resection for Crohn’s disease:A machine learning-based study

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 717-730页

作者： Fang-Tao Wang Yin Lin Xiao-Qi Yuan ren-Yuan gao Xiao-Cai Wu Wei-Wei Xu Tian-Qi Wu Kai Xia Yi-Ran Jiao Lu Yin Chun-Qiu Chen Diagnostic and Treatment Center for Refractory Diseases of Abdomen Surgery Shanghai Tenth People’s HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072China

BACKGROUND Due to the complexity and numerous comorbidities associated with Crohn’s disease(CD),the incidence of postoperative complications is high,significantly impacting the recovery and prognosis of patients.Consequently,additional stu-dies are required to precisely predict short-term major complications following intestinal resection(IR),aiding surgical decision-making and optimizing patient care.AIM To construct novel models based on machine learning(ML)to predict short-term major postoperative complications in patients with CD following IR.METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data derived from a patient cohort that underwent IR for CD from January 2017 to December 2022.The study participants were randomly allocated to either a training cohort or a validation cohort.The logistic regression and random forest(RF)were applied to construct models in the training cohort,with model discrimination evaluated using the area under the curves(AUC).The validation cohort assessed the performance of the constructed models.RESULTS Out of the 259 patients encompassed in the study,5.0%encountered major postoperative complications(Clavien-Dindo≥III)within 30 d following IR for CD.The AUC for the logistic model was 0.916,significantly lower than the AUC of 0.965 for the RF model.The logistic model incorporated a preoperative CD activity index(CDAI)of≥220,a diminished preoperative serum albumin level,conversion to laparotomy surgery,and an extended operation time.A nomogram for the logistic model was plotted.Except for the surgical approach,the other three variables ranked among the top four important variables in the novel ML model.CONCLUSION Both the nomogram and RF exhibited good performance in predicting short-term major postoperative complic-ations in patients with CD,with the RF model showing more superiority.A preoperative CDAI of≥220,a di-minished preoperative serum albumin level,and an extended operation time might be the most crucial variables.The findings of this study can assist clinicians in

关键词： Crohn’s disease Postoperative complications Nomogram Random forest Intestinal resection

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Lightweight and Compromise Resilient Storage Outsourcing with Distributed Secure Accessibility in Mobile Cloud Computing

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2011年第5期16卷 520-528页

作者： Wei ren Linchen Yu ren gao Feng Xiong School of Computer Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Department of Electronic Engineering Hubei University of Economics Wuhan 430205 China Department of Management Science and Engineering Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China

Mobile Cloud Computing usually consists of front-end users who possess mobile devices and back-end cloud servers. This paradigm empowers users to pervasively access a large volume of storage resources with portable devices in a distributed and cooperative manner. During the period between uploading and downloading files （data）, the privacy and integrity of files need to be guaranteed. To this end, a family of schemes are proposed for different situations. All schemes are lightweight in terms of computational overhead, resilient to storage compromise on mobile devices, and do not assume that trusted cloud servers are present. Corresponding algorithms are proposed in detail for guiding off-the-shelf implementation. The evaluation of security and performance is also extensively analyzed, justifying the applicability of the proposed schemes.

关键词： mobile cloud computing privacy integrity storage security

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一种自适应去噪保真的无监督暗光图像增强模型

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计算机科学 2024年第3期51卷 147-154页

作者：高仁郝世杰郭艳蓉合肥工业大学计算机与信息学院合肥230601

暗光环境下成像往往受到低照度和成像噪声等多种因素干扰,所得图片的视觉质量往往较低。当前各类暗光增强方法多侧重于改善可视度,却常忽略了保持增强结果真实感这一同样重要的目标。为解决该问题,提出了一种自适应去噪保真的无监督暗... 详细信息

暗光环境下成像往往受到低照度和成像噪声等多种因素干扰,所得图片的视觉质量往往较低。当前各类暗光增强方法多侧重于改善可视度,却常忽略了保持增强结果真实感这一同样重要的目标。为解决该问题,提出了一种自适应去噪保真的无监督暗光图像增强方法,旨在高效便捷地实现改善图像可视度和去噪保真两个目标。模型由暗光增强阶段和去噪保真阶段组成。在暗光增强阶段,构建无监督图像分解模块和光照增强模块,实现改善可视度的目标;在去噪保真阶段,基于前一阶段所得的光照分布来自动构造成对训练数据,驱动去噪模块抑制原本昏暗处的噪声并保持原本明亮处的细节,实现增强结果保真的目标。实验结果表明,相比其他暗光增强方法,所提方法在改善可视度和去噪保真之间能够取得良好的均衡。该模型无须事先采集或准备“昏暗-明亮”成对图像来进行训练,且具有较小的模型尺寸和较快的计算速度,实用性良好。

关键词：暗光图像光照增强噪声抑制图像分解

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中国的都市圈和城市群:发展格局与问题讨论

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青海社会科学 2024年第1期 104-114页

作者：宋迎昌孙聪丽任杲中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院中国社会科学院生态文明研究所中国社会科学院大学应用经济学院生态文明研究系长治学院资源型城市高质量发展研究中心

都市圈和城市群是学术研究的热点,近些年大量相关研究成果问世,然而学术界在事关中国都市圈和城市群的界定标准、发展格局、发展规律等现实问题的认知方面依然存在较大的分歧。借鉴国内外相关研究成果,提出都市圈和城市群界定的三步法,... 详细信息

都市圈和城市群是学术研究的热点,近些年大量相关研究成果问世,然而学术界在事关中国都市圈和城市群的界定标准、发展格局、发展规律等现实问题的认知方面依然存在较大的分歧。借鉴国内外相关研究成果,提出都市圈和城市群界定的三步法,认定2020年中国发育成熟的城市群有2个,双城都市圈有1个,独立的都市圈有18个。发现都市圈和城市群在地理空间上呈现相对集中分布的态势,大城市形成都市圈的情况存在显著的区域差异,双中心省份的非省会城市形成发展都市圈更有优势,绝大多数都市圈地域面积小于核心城市市域面积,城市群呈条带状布局。最后,提出正确认识都市圈和城市群的战略地位、都市圈和城市群不能遍地规划发展、都市圈和城市群有适宜发展的地区、应该加强都市圈的功能建设和城市群的通道建设、同城化政策没有必要普遍推广等建议。

关键词：都市圈和城市群发展格局相关问题

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基于BSG深度学习模型的中医药智能问答系统研究:以方剂和中药为例

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Digital Chinese Medicine 2024年第1期7卷 47-55页

作者：李冉任高晏峻峰邹北骥刘青萍湖南中医药大学信息科学与工程学院湖南长沙410208 中南大学计算机学院湖南长沙410083

目的基于深度学习的方法,利用知识图谱构建中医药知识库,探寻联合模型在中医药智能问答系统的应用。方法以《方剂学》和《中药学》规划教材为基础建立知识图谱,作为智能问答系统的知识来源,本研究提出一种BERT+Slot-Gated(BSG)深度学习... 详细信息

目的基于深度学习的方法,利用知识图谱构建中医药知识库,探寻联合模型在中医药智能问答系统的应用。方法以《方剂学》和《中药学》规划教材为基础建立知识图谱,作为智能问答系统的知识来源,本研究提出一种BERT+Slot-Gated(BSG)深度学习模型,获取用户自然问题中包含的中医药实体和问句意图,通过实体和意图在知识图谱检索答案返回给用户,运用Flask框架和BSG模型研发中医药智能问答系统。结果构建了包含3149个实体和6891个关系三元组的中医药知识图谱,通过问题语料测试,本系统在回答中医药20类问题的实体识别F1值为0.9969,意图识别准确率为99.75%,表明本系统具有较高的实用性和可行性,并通过微信公众号平台实现了用户与系统交互。结论本文所提出的BSG模型通过提高向量维度在实验中取得了较好的结果,表明联合模型方法的有效性,可为实现中医药智能问答系统提供新的研究思路。

关键词：中医药深度学习知识图谱智能问答系统 BERT+Slot-Gated模型

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基于熵和SVM算法的DDoS攻击检测

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重庆科技学院学报（自然科学版） 2024年第2期26卷 50-55页

作者：毛宇高刃湖北汽车工业学院电气与信息工程学院湖北十堰442002

针对软件定义网络(SDN)易受分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击这一缺陷,提出基于熵和支持向量机(SVM)算法的DDoS攻击检测方法。在对网络中的流信息进行熵值检测时,若熵值无法判断,则从Packet-In事件中解析出所需特征值,并运用SVM算法分类预测DDo... 详细信息

针对软件定义网络(SDN)易受分布式拒绝服务(DDoS)攻击这一缺陷,提出基于熵和支持向量机(SVM)算法的DDoS攻击检测方法。在对网络中的流信息进行熵值检测时,若熵值无法判断,则从Packet-In事件中解析出所需特征值,并运用SVM算法分类预测DDoS攻击状态。应用Mininet模拟器和RYU控制器建立模型进行仿真检测,检测精度较高,抵御DDoS攻击的实时性良好。

关键词：熵支持向量机软件定义网络分布式拒绝服务 Mininet模拟器

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强还原处理和施用有机肥对设施蔬菜地土壤微生物群落稳定性的影响

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应用生态学报 2024年第5期35卷 1293-1300页

作者：尹春江刘茂兰钟羡芳司友涛马红亮高人尹云锋福建师范大学地理研究所福州350117 福建师范大学福建省植物生理生态重点实验室福州350117

强还原土壤灭菌(RSD)方法是修复退化设施蔬菜地土壤的有效措施,但以绿肥为碳源的RSD方法田间应用是否有效还未明确。本研究以退化设施蔬菜地土壤为对象,设置6个处理:未施肥对照(CK)、未施肥+淹水覆膜(FF)、施用鸡粪有机肥(OM)、施用鸡... 详细信息

强还原土壤灭菌(RSD)方法是修复退化设施蔬菜地土壤的有效措施,但以绿肥为碳源的RSD方法田间应用是否有效还未明确。本研究以退化设施蔬菜地土壤为对象,设置6个处理:未施肥对照(CK)、未施肥+淹水覆膜(FF)、施用鸡粪有机肥(OM)、施用鸡粪有机肥+淹水覆膜(OMR)、田菁绿肥还田(TF)和田菁绿肥还田+淹水覆膜(TR),研究强还原处理和施用有机肥对土壤微生物群落组成、多样性和稳定性的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,OMR和TR处理显著降低了细菌Chao1指数,改变了细菌和真菌的群落结构,同时显著提高了芽孢杆菌、红球菌、梭状芽孢杆菌和青霉菌的相对丰度;TR处理显著降低了尖孢镰刀菌的相对丰度。冗余分析和曼特尔检验发现,土壤铵态氮和可溶性有机碳含量是影响细菌群落变化的关键因子,而土壤pH是影响真菌群落变化的关键因子。内聚力分析表明,OMR和TR处理显著提高了细菌群落稳定性,但2个处理之间的差异不显著;TR处理也显著提高了真菌群落稳定性,且显著高于OMR处理。可见,以绿肥为碳源的RSD是改善土壤健康的有效修复措施。

关键词：强还原土壤灭菌绿肥设施蔬菜微生物多样性内聚力

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