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The Group A Streptococcus Interleukin-8 Protease SpyCEP Promotes Bacterial Intracellular Survival by Evasion of Autophagy

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2022年第3期4卷 116-123页

作者： RenéBergmann Giuseppe Gulotta Federica Andreoni Tomoko Sumitomo Shigetada Kawabata Annelies S.Zinkernagel Gursharan S.Chhatwal Victor Nizet Manfred Rohde Satoshi Uchiyama Central Unit for Microscopy(ZEIM) Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology University Hospital ZurichZurichSwitzerland Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology Osaka University Graduate School of DentistrySuita-OsakaJapan Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics Department of PediatricsUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoLa JollaCalifornia

Autophagy serves an innate immune function in defending the host against invading bacteria,including group A Streptococcus(GAS).Autophagy is regulated by numerous host proteins,including the endogenous negative regulator calpain,a cytosolic protease.Globally disseminated serotypeM1T1 GAS strains associated with high invasive disease potential express numerous virulence factors and resist autophagic clearance.Upon in vitro infection of human epithelial cell lines with representative wild-type GAS M1T1 strain 5448(M1.5448),we observed increased calpain activation linked to a specific GAS virulence factor,the interleukin-8 protease SpyCEP.Calpain activation inhibited autophagy and decreased capture of cytosolic GAS in autophagosomes.In contrast,the serotype M6 GAS strain JRS4(M6.JRS4),which is highly susceptible to host autophagy-mediated killing,expresses low levels of SpyCEP and does not activate calpain.Overexpression of SpyCEP in M6.JRS4 stimulated calpain activation,inhibited autophagy,and significantly decreased bacterial capture in autophagosomes.These paired loss-and gain-of-function studies reveal a novel role for the bacterial protease SpyCEP in enabling GAS M1 evasion of autophagy and host innate immune clearance.

关键词： group A Streptococcus SpyCEP virulence factor epithelial cells intracellular survival autophagy xenophagy calpain

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Association between Depression, Pressure Pain Sensitivity, Stress and Autonomous Nervous System Function in Stable Ischemic Heart Disease: Impact of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2016年第8期6卷 317-328页

作者： Søren Ballegaard Natasha bergmann Benny Karpatschof Jesper Kristiansen Finn Gyntelberg Lars Arendt-Nielsen Per Bech Åke Hjalmarson Jens Faber Department of Endocrinology Herlev Hospital Herlev Denmark Department of Psychology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark The National Research Centre for the Working Environment Copenhagen Denmark Center for Sensory-Motor Interaction Department of Health Science and Technology Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark Psychiatric Research Unit Psychiatric Centre North Zealand University of Copenhagen Hillerod Denmark Department of Cardiology Sahlgrenska University Hospital Gothenburg Sweden Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Copenhagen University Copenhagen Denmark

Background: Depression and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are associated with persistent stress and autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. The former can be measured by pressure pain sensitivity (PPS) of the sternum, and the latter by the PPS and systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to a tilt table test (TTT). Beta-blocker treatment reduces the efferent beta-adrenergic ANS function, and thus, the physiological stress response. Objective: To test the effect of beta-blockers on changes in depression score in patients with IHD, as well as the influence on persistent stress and ANS dysfunction. Methods: Three months of non-pharmacological intervention aiming at reducing PPS and depression score in patients with stable IHD. Beta-blocker users (N = 102) were compared with non-users (N = 75), with respect to signs of depression measured by the Major Depressive Inventory questionnaire (MDI), resting PPS, and PPS and SBP response to TTT. Results: MDI score decreased 30% in non-users (p = 0.005) compared to 4% (p > 0.1) among users (between-group p = 0.003;effect size = 0.4). Resting PPS decreased in both the groups. Among most vulnerable patients with MDI ≥ 15, reductions in MDI score and resting PPS score correlated in non-users, only (r = 0.69, p = 0.007). Reduction in resting PPS correlated with an increase in PPS and SBP response to TTT. Conclusions: Stress intervention in patients with IHD was anti-depressive in non-users, only. Similarly, the association between the reduction in depression, reduction in persistent stress, and restoration of ANS dysfunction was only seen in non-users, suggesting a central role of beta-adrenergic receptors in the association between these factors.

关键词： Chronic Stress Depression Autonomic Nervous System Systolic Blood Pressure Pain Sensitivity Beta-Blockers Ischemic Heart Disease

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Establishment and Characterization of a new Cell Line from Koi Brain(Cyprinus carpio L.)

Establishment and Characterization of a new Cell Line from K...

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第十四届中国实验动物科学年会

作者： Yingying Wang Weiwei Zeng Qing Wang Yingying Li Sven M.bergmann Shucheng Zheng Yan ren Chun Liu Ouqin Chang Peiyu Lee Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture Pearl River Fishery Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences

A novel permanently growing brain cell line from koi(Cyprinus carpio L.)(KB cell line) was established andits suitability for detection of koi herpesvirus(KHV) was demonstrated in this study. The KB cell line was optimally maintained at 27 °C in Leibovitz’s L-15 medium supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum(FBS).It was subcultured more than 100 times, and chromosome analysis revealed that 51.54% of KB cells at passage 80 maintained the abnormal diploid chromosome number 2 n=96 while the modal chromosome number was 2 n = 100. The cell line was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen at-196℃ and was recovered from storage after one year with good cell viability and vitality. The results of virus isolation demonstrated that KB cells were susceptible to KHV, which was shown by the presence of an obvious cytopathic effect and abundant virus particles. The viral titers of KHV in KB reached 10 TCID/0.1 mL within 7 days. Immunofluorescence and western blot assays confirmed that KB replicated KHV. The newly established KB cell line will serve as a useful tool to elucidate KHV disease(KHVD) pathogenesis.

关键词： koi brain tissue cell line koi herpesvirus

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Discrete Differential Calculus on Simplicial Complexes and Constrained Homology

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2023年第4期44卷 615-640页

作者： Shiquan ren School of Mathematics and Statistics Henan University

Let V be a finite set.Let K be a simplicial complex with its vertices in V.In this paper,the author discusses some differential calculus on V.He constructs some constrained homology groups of K by using the differential calculus on V.Moreover,he defines an independence hyper graph to be the complement of a simplicial complex in the complete hypergraph on V.Let L be an independence hypergraph with its vertices in V.He constructs some constrained cohomology groups of L by using the differential calculus on V.

关键词： Simplicial complexes Hypergraphs Chain complexes Homology Differential calculus

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Path Computing Scheme with Low-Latency and Low-Power in Hybrid Cloud-Fog Network for IIoT

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China Communications 2023年第8期20卷 1-16页

作者： Jijun ren Peng Zhu Zhiyuan ren School of Communications and Information Engineering Xi’an University of Posts&TelecommunicationsShaanxi 710061China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks Xidian UniversityShaanxi 710071China

With the rapid development of the Industrial Internet of Things(IIoT),the traditional centralized cloud processing model has encountered the challenges of high communication latency and high energy consumption in handling industrial big data tasks.This paper aims to propose a low-latency and lowenergy path computing scheme for the above problems.This scheme is based on the cloud-fog network architecture.The computing resources of fog network devices in the fog computing layer are used to complete task processing step by step during the data interaction from industrial field devices to the cloud center.A collaborative scheduling strategy based on the particle diversity discrete binary particle swarm optimization(PDBPSO)algorithm is proposed to deploy manufacturing tasks to the fog computing layer reasonably.The task in the form of a directed acyclic graph(DAG)is mapped to a factory fog network in the form of an undirected graph(UG)to find the appropriate computing path for the task,significantly reducing the task processing latency under energy consumption constraints.Simulation experiments show that this scheme’s latency performance outperforms the strategy that tasks are wholly offloaded to the cloud and the strategy that tasks are entirely offloaded to the edge equipment.

关键词： collaborative offloading strategy cloudfog network architecture industrial internet of things path computing PDBPSO

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Brockett's Second Example:A FAS Approach Treatment

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系统科学与复杂性学报:英文版 2023年第5期36卷 1789-1808页

作者： DUAN Guang-ren Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Control Theory and Intelligent Systems Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Center for Control Theory and Guidance Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

In this paper,several equivalent forms of the well-known Brockett's second example system are firstly presented.The stabilization of the system is then treated in the fully actuated system approach.A simple continuous time-invariant sub-stabilizing controller is designed,and the corresponding region of attraction is characterized.As a result,all trajectories of the system starting from the characterized region of attraction are driven exponentially to the origin.Since the region of attraction is very large,the designed sub-stabilizing controller can be directly useful in many practical situations.In cases where the initial values are indeed needed to be chosen out of the region of attraction,extremely simple pre-controllers can be designed,which drive the system trajectories into the designed region of attraction.A simulation of the designed control system is carried out to show the effect of the proposed approach.

关键词： Brockett integrator continuous time-invariant controllers fully actuated system approach region of attraction sub-stabilization

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In situ observation of the dissolution kinetics of Al_(2)O_(3) particles in CaO–Al_(2)O_(3)–SiO_(2) slags using laser confocal scanning microscopy

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2023年第2期30卷 345-353页

作者： Changyu ren Caide Huang Lifeng Zhang Ying ren School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China School of Mechanical Engineering Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004China Shougang Jingtang United Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.Tangshan 063200China School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering North China University of TechnologyBeijing 100144China

The dissolution kinetics of Al_(2)O_(3) in CaO-Al_(2)O_(3) SiOslags was studied using a high-temperature confocal scanning laser microscope at 1773 to 1873 K.The results show that the controlling step during the Al_(2)O_(3) dissolution was the diffusionin molten slag.It was found that the dissolution curves of Al_(2)O_(3) particles were hardly agreed with the traditional boundary layer diffusion model with the increase of the CaO/Al_(2)O_(3) ratio of slag.A modified diffusion equation considering slag viscosity was developed to study the dissolution mechanism of Al_(2)O_(3) in slag.Diffusion coefficients of Al_(2)O_(3) in slag were calculated as 2.8×10to 4.1×10m~2/s at the temperature of 1773-1873 K.The dissolution rate of Al_(2)O_(3) increased with higher temperature,CaO/Al_(2)O_(3),and particle size.A new model was shown to be v_(Al_(2)O_(3))=0.16×r_(0)^(1.58)×x^(3.52)×(T-T_(mp))^(1.11)to predict the dissolution rate and the total dissolution time of Al_(2)O_(3) inclusions with various sizes,where vAl_(2)O_(3) is the dissolution rate of Al_(2)O_(3) in volume,μm^(3)/s;x is the value of CaO/Al_(2)O_(3) mass ratio;R_(0) is the initial radius of Al_(2)O_(3),μm;T is the temperature,K;T_(mp) is the melting point of slag,K.

关键词： inclusion dissolution kinetics confocal scanning laser microscope refining slag

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Brockett’s First Example: An FAS Approach Treatment

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2022年第2期35卷 441-456页

作者： DUAN Guang-ren Center for Control Science and Technology Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Center for Control Theory and Guidance Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

In this note,the well-known Brockett’s first example system is treated with the fully actuated system(FAS)approach.Firstly,it is shown that the system can be exponentially substabilized by a smooth controller in the sense that,except those starting from initial values on the z0-axis of the initial value space,all trajectories of the designed system as well as the control signals decay to zero exponentially.Secondly,global stabilization is realized through a way of enabling the trajectories starting from initial values on the z0-axis also to go to the origin.The idea is to firstly move an initial point on the z0-axis away from the axis using a pre-controller,and then to take over by the designed exponentially sub-stabilizing controller.

关键词： Exponential sub-stabilization feedback stabilization fully actuated system approach region of attraction singularity sets

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Stabilization via Fully Actuated System Approach:A Case Study

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2022年第3期35卷 731-747页

In this note,a benchmark example system which is not stabilizable by a smooth state feedback controller is considered with the fully actuated system(FAS)approach.It is shown that a smooth controller exists which drives the trajectories starting from a large domain in the initial value space to the origin exponentially.Such a result brings about a generalization of Lyapunov asymptotical stability,which is termed as global exponential sub-stability.The region of attraction is allowed to be an unbounded open set of the initial values with closure containing the origin.This sub-stability result may be viewed to be superior to some local stability results in the Lyapunov sense because the region of attraction is much larger than any finite ball containing the origin and meanwhile the feasible trajectories are always driven to the origin exponentially.Based on this sub-stabilization result,globally asymptotically stabilizing controllers for the system can be provided in two general ways,one is through combination with existing globally stabilizing controllers,and the other is by using a pre-controller to first move an initial point which is not within the region of attraction into the region of attraction.

关键词： Feedback stabilization fully actuated system approach nonlinear systems region of attraction singularity sets

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A FAS approach for stabilization of generalized chained forms: part 1. Discontinuous control laws

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第2期67卷 118-143页

作者： Guang-ren DUAN Center for Control Theory and Guidance Technology Harbin Institute of Technology Center for Control Science and Technology Southern University of Science and Technology

In this paper, a type of general nonholonomic systems is proposed, which contains both the Brockett’s two example systems, and their extended n-dimensional chained forms, as special cases. For the stabilization of such systems, a stabilizing controller is proposed based on the fully actuated system(FAS)approach, which is discontinuous at the origin but time-invariant when the open-loop system is time-invariant,and drives the feasible trajectories of the system to the origin exponentially. Furthermore, the proposed FAS approach is also extended to the sub-normal system case and the time-delay system case.

关键词： nonholonomic systems feedback stabilization exponential convergence sub-fully actuated systems time-delay systems

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